Presentation is about the Uttrakhand Disaster 2013, whether it was man made disaster or natural calamity. We have through vast number of reports, magazines, blogs, journals so please give your feedback on this report to me and encourage me do upload more slides and presentation which will be helpful to you all. Thanks in advance for your valuable feedback.
2. OUTLINE
Overview of Uttrakhand
Chota Char-Dham
Social and Cultural Dimension
Causes of Disaster
Human and Economic Loss
Preventive Measures
3. Overview of Uttrakhand
• On November 9. 2000,
Uttrakhand was created in the
northern part of India from the
Himalayan and adjoining
north-western districts of Uttar
Pradesh.
4. Overview of Uttrakhand
• Uttrakhand has the total Land area
of 53,483 km2 out of which 86% is
mountainous and 65% is forest.
• Most of the Northern part is covered by Himalayan peaks and Glaciers.
• Two major river (Ganges and Yamuna) originate from the glaciers of
Uttrakhand.
5. Overview of Uttrakhand:
Chota Char-Dham
Located in the Garhwal region of state, a small circuit of four abodes is
an important Hindu pilgrimage circuit in the Indian Himalayas.
Apart from Chota Char-Dham many Hindu Temples and pilgrimage
centres found throughout the state due to this it is often referred as the
DEVBHUMI (literally “Land of the Gods”).
6. Overview of Uttrakhand:
Chota Char-Dham Four Seats of Chota Char-Dham
GANGOTRI BADRINATH
KEDARNATHYAMUNOTRI
• Yamunotri is the
source of the Yamuna
River.
• Gangotri is a town on
the banks of the river
Bhagirathi and origin of
River Ganges.
7. CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
Disaster in Himalayan state of Uttrakhand that struck on June 16,
2013.
BIG QUESTION
Whether- It was a “Nature fury”
or
Man-made catastrophe
8. Various reason which leads to this disaster
Lackadaisical attitude of state machinery toward ecology and
environment.
Lack of farsightedness in policy formation.
Vested economic interest of neo-liberal forces and chronic
capitalism.
Out date and flawed technology.
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
9. Two Type of causes:
1. Natural Causes
Unusual monsoon behaviour in 2013
Climate change.
2. Man-Made causes
Deforestation
Unplanned development
Exponential Increase in vehicle
Insufficient resources
Non-existance of government authority
Inaccurate and incomplete prediction by MeT department
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
10. Unusual Monsoon Behaviour in 2013
Early arrival of monsoon in 2013
Monsoon hit in advance
Melting glacier compounded with rain/causes glacier melting
Heavy flow into the river
No preparation in advance
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
11. Climate Change:
Link between climate change and change in climate pattern.
Scientist predict about more extreme rainfall pattern
Decline in moderate rainfall pattern
Long dry spell and intensive downpour
240 mm rainfall in 2013 within 24 Hours
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
12. Unplanned Development:
Unplanned development is destroying ecology of mountains
in Uttrakhand
Most of dam constructed without planning
No environmental impact assessment
427 Dams are planned 70 project are on Bhagirathi and
Allakhnanda
Dynamite blast to cut mountain that causes earthquake of
magnitude of 4.0 at ritcher scale
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
13. Deforestation:
Very high---due to unplanned development( hydel
power project/roads/transmission lines)
Encroachment of corporate
MeF ___ 44,868 Hectare converted into non-forest
use
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
14. Exponential Increase in Vehicles:
Uttrakhand transport department – 2009-10>>83000 vehicles
2012-14>>180,000
Increase in number of tourist
Results:
Disturbance to ecology
Landslide
Encrochment
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
15. Insufficient Resources:
Kedarnath temple authorities receives 165 crores every years
but no man power to deal with emergency
Only 400 army personals and 100 untrained police man were
deployed
to manage calamities before catastrophe
According to CM- no meeting of Uttrakhand state disaster
management committee for past 6 years
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
16. Inaccurate and Incomplete prediction by Met:
Monitoring, Forecasting and early warning system were very
poor
David Petley, professor, department of geography at Durham
university, UK – Analysis of high resolution image from
ISROs geographic information system platform
(BHUSHAN)- formation of lake and accumulation of water.
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
17. Economic loss
Economy was affected, main income tourism.
Income from tourism 30%.
Tourism spot turned into rubble spot.
Infrastructure badly hit.
1520 roads damaged, 154 bridges and 2232 houses, shops hotels
destroyed.
Kedarnath valley was the worst affected area.
Economic loss both state as well as country.
18. Financial loss
Rs 20000 crore.
Public and Private Property loss approx. Rs 2000 crores as on
30th June 2013.
2 lack for damage houses by government.
Extra leakage of money from government side, affected whole
economy.
Financial loss – tourism loss.
19. Loss of humanity
People and Ecology suffered.
580 dead, 3000 missing, 70000 struck.
Landslides, damage house.
400 houses destroyed, 265 damaged.
Cash crop (apple crop) destroyed.
2145 total animal lost.
Dharamshalas washed away.
Environment affected.
20. DISASTER=(H+V) *R /C
H=hazard potentially of a physical event that may cause loss of life or
property
V=vulnerabilities factors - physical, economic and environmental-
which increase susceptibility of an area or a community to impact of
hazard
R=risk probability of harmful consequence or losses
C=capacities strengths and resources available within a
community,society that can reduce the level of risk,or the effect of a
disaster
21. MEASURE TO DISASTER RESILIENCE
PURSUING ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT
AFFORESTATION
COMMUNITY BASED INSTITUTION LIKE VAN PANCHAYAT
CAMPAAND GREEN INDIA MISSION FUND
PROACTIVE APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FRA
2005
22. ECOLOGICAL MOUNTAIN
LIVELIHOOD
Ensuring remunerative ecological livelihood for mountain dweller
Fund and activities under schemes like rashtriya krishi vikas yojana
and national food security mission focus for promoting system of
crop intensification(sci)
Mgnreg,nrl mission and iwsmp should be focus for increasing
common pool resources and improve food and livelihood security
Promoting community based tourism
23. Sustainable and Safer Infrastructure
Development
Sustainable hydropower: approach for conserving developmental
gains and to minimize loss of life, livelihood and A conceptual shift
is required from maximum power production to sustainable or
optimum power production
Certain pristine river stretches must be maintained as protected
zones in order to sustain the aquatic biota on the river beds, banks
and flood plains.
Small hydel projects that produce electricity and help local
entrepreneurship should replace the idea of large dams.
24. SAFER TOURISM
Community based tourism have potential to be more suitable for
livelihood option and positive contribution to management and
conservation of forest and wildlife
Limiting the number of pilgrims to the shrines
Efficient disaster management system
25. SAFER GREEN ROAD AND
HABITATION
At time of disaster single access to shrine so need to develop safe
trekking route
Safety and sustainability have to be built into infrastructure
development
Ridge alignments of road increase the safety of habitations
Safer design example promoting low cost earthquake safe building
26. Accessing and monitoring disaster risk enhancing early warning system
Gross environment product(gep) as the measure of the health of the state
natural resource
The fragility of forest is due steep slop so it should be consider while
planning for development with local participation.
Strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response
New curriculum in school to encourage the integrate resilience
