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Congress (Part II) Michael P. Fix
The Details of Article I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Congressional Powers ,[object Object],[object Object],Implied Powers Powers not specified by the Constitution. Implied as an extension of enumerated powers
Enumerated Powers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implied Powers The Congress shall have power …To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.   Necessary and Proper Clause Article I, Section 8
Implied Powers ,[object Object]
Expansion of Implied Powers ,[object Object],McCulloch v. Maryland  (1819)
Getting into Congress ,[object Object]
Getting into Congress ,[object Object]
Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements
Getting into Congress:  Practical  Requirements From  www.sportslogos.net ,  www.sportsillustrated.cnn.com , www.alhazan.com, profile.myspace.com
Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements From www.flagandbanner.com Political parties matter in multiple ways: - Only candidates from the two major parties can win most elections - If one party is dominate in a district, it is difficult to win from even the other major party
Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements From www.tull.no Running against a well-know and powerful opponent often generates an unfair fight.
Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements The recent Congressional elections show the importance of timing. Some incumbents lost reelection in relatively safe districts because of popular dissatisfaction.
Staying in Congress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reapportionment and Redistricting The assigning by Congress of congressional seats after each census.  State legislatures reapportion state legislative districts  The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population Reapportionment Redistricting
Apportionment and the Constitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Apportionment and the Constitution ,[object Object],[object Object]
Apportionment and the Constitution ,[object Object]
Apportionment and the Courts  The U.S. Supreme Court originally declared issues of apportionment to be a “political thicket” that the courts should stay out of
Apportionment and the Courts ,[object Object],[object Object]
Apportionment and the Courts ,[object Object],[object Object]
Reapportionment in 2000
Redistricting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gerrymandering Gerrymandering The drawing of legislative districts for partisan advantage
The Gerrymander
Gerrymandering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Texas Redistricting Battle House Majority Leader Tom Delay worked with Republican state legislative leaders to increase the number of Republican congressional districts in Texas from fifteen to twenty-two
Affirmative Racial Gerrymandering Affirmative Racial Gerrymandering Drawing district boundary lines to maximize minority representation
Redistricting Iowa Style ,[object Object]
Redistricting Iowa Style From www.legis.state.ia.us
Political Parties in Congress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
United vs. Divided Government ,[object Object],[object Object],Divided Government One political party controls the presidency and the other controls at least one house of Congress
United vs. Divided Government ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Congressional Ethics ,[object Object],[object Object],From www.famouspeople.com
Congress under fire ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Congress and the President ,[object Object]
Congress and the President ,[object Object]
Congress and the Courts ,[object Object]

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Congress Part 2

  • 1. Congress (Part II) Michael P. Fix
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Implied Powers The Congress shall have power …To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Necessary and Proper Clause Article I, Section 8
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements
  • 11. Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements From www.sportslogos.net , www.sportsillustrated.cnn.com , www.alhazan.com, profile.myspace.com
  • 12. Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements From www.flagandbanner.com Political parties matter in multiple ways: - Only candidates from the two major parties can win most elections - If one party is dominate in a district, it is difficult to win from even the other major party
  • 13. Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements From www.tull.no Running against a well-know and powerful opponent often generates an unfair fight.
  • 14. Getting into Congress: Practical Requirements The recent Congressional elections show the importance of timing. Some incumbents lost reelection in relatively safe districts because of popular dissatisfaction.
  • 15.
  • 16. Reapportionment and Redistricting The assigning by Congress of congressional seats after each census. State legislatures reapportion state legislative districts The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population Reapportionment Redistricting
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Apportionment and the Courts The U.S. Supreme Court originally declared issues of apportionment to be a “political thicket” that the courts should stay out of
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 24.
  • 25. Gerrymandering Gerrymandering The drawing of legislative districts for partisan advantage
  • 27.
  • 28. Texas Redistricting Battle House Majority Leader Tom Delay worked with Republican state legislative leaders to increase the number of Republican congressional districts in Texas from fifteen to twenty-two
  • 29. Affirmative Racial Gerrymandering Affirmative Racial Gerrymandering Drawing district boundary lines to maximize minority representation
  • 30.
  • 31. Redistricting Iowa Style From www.legis.state.ia.us
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.  
  • 38.  
  • 39.  
  • 40.  
  • 41.  
  • 42.  
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.