The document discusses the 3Rs - reduce, reuse, and recycle of solid waste. It outlines the present scenario of waste generation, the purpose of practicing the 3Rs which is to reduce pollution and use resources sustainably. Various modes of practicing the 3Rs are described, such as recycling paper, plastic, glass, metals etc. and making products like bricks from fly ash. The advantages include protecting the environment while the disadvantages include issues like not always being cost effective and high initial costs.

1. REDUCE, REUSE & RECYCLE OF
SOLID WASTE
Dept. of Civil Engineering
NIT Manipur
MANAS RANJAN
PANDA
Enrollment No.
15MCV007
M. Tech

2.  Introduction
 Present scenario
 Purpose of practicing 3Rs
 Modes of practicing 3Rs
 Advantages & Disadvantages
Discussion

3. Introduction:
Think about this three ways:-
◦ Reduce the amount of the Earth's resources that we use.
◦ Reuse Don't just bin it, could someone else make use of it?
◦ Recycle Can the materials be made into something new?
REUSE ?
RECYCLE ?
REDUCE ?
3R

4.  500 billion plastic bags are used each year
around the globe.
 Plastic bags are made up of toxic
chemicals which can be toxic to human
beings as well as aquatic life.
 40 million plastic bottles discarded each
day around the globe.
Solution???
Present scenario :

5. Purpose of practicing 3R:
Sl. No. Items Time period of
decompose
1. Paper towel 2-4 weeks
2. Newspaper 6 weeks
3. Cardboard box 2 months
4. Plywood 1-3 years
5. Plastic bags 10-20 years
6. Tin can 50 years
7. Aluminium can 200 years
8. Glass bottle and jars undetermined

6. Purpose of practicing 3R: contd..
Air
Water
soil
Pollutes
 Can be hazardous, if not managed properly.
 Creates unhygienic environment.

7. Landfills and Incineration versus
Resource Recovery and Recycling
Purpose of practicing 3R: contd..
Problems with conventional
waste management (Landfills and
incineration)
• Waste disposal is expensive
• Requires substantial inputs of labour,
materials, energy, and land.
• Establishing new landfills and
incineration facilities is difficult because of
high land costs and “NIMBY” attitudes.
• Even the “modern” landfills with
advanced systems could potentially face
problems in a long term, as these
technologies are not infallible.
• Landfills are major source of methane
(GHG).
Benefits of integrated waste
management (Resource recovery
and recycling)
•Countries and cities should pay equal
attention to upstream options to reduce
waste for final disposal and to reuse and
recycle valuable resources.
• Upstream options are almost always
more costs effective than disposal.
• Segregation and composting does not
create substantial GHG if done properly.

8. Type of
waste
Recycled
products
Recycling potential
Biomass Composts Future of compost depends on its environmental and
agronomic quality and the dynamism of its market.
Paper and
cardboard
Recovered paper
(recycled paper
Increasing demand in Asia.
Plastics Recovered plastics Increasingly stringent regulations and growing demand for
recovered plastics in Asia, favouring development and
Inter nationalization of this market.
Cost of collection system and volatile prices are limiting
Factors.
Ferrous
Metals
Steel In 2014, world production of scrap metal rose to 850Mt and
consumption reached 805.5Mt. Can be recovered from MSW,
construction waste, etc.
E-wastes Recoverable
materials
Estimated that 10million computers contain 135,000 metric
tons of recoverable materials, such as base metals, silicon,
glass, plastic, and precious metals.
Purpose of practicing 3R: contd..

9. Purpose of practicing 3R: contd..
 In one way economy, a little
effort is made to reduce the
amount of materials consumed in
production and hence the wastes
are produced. Also little effort is
made to reuse or recycle those
wastes which mainly go for
landfill.
 In closed-loop economy, nearly
all outputs either become inputs to other
manufacturing processes or are returned
to natural systems as benign emissions
rather than as pollutants, e.g., a closed-
cycle processing plant takes in
freshwater and does not discharge any
liquid effluents. Rather, the water is
constantly recycled and possibly utilized
in the final product itself.

10. Recycle :
Recycling is a series of steps that takes a used material and
processes, remanufactures, and sells it as a new product.
Things to be recycled…
 Fly ash
 Paper
 Plastic
 Aluminum cans
 Tins
 Glass
HOW???

11. Manufacturing of bricks from fly ash:

12. 3Rs- Industry: Paper & Pulp

13. Recycling of glass bottles(waste):

14. Recycling of aluminum (waste):

15. Recycling of plastic (waste):

16. Advantages & Disadvantages:
Advantages:
Save our EARTH
1. Protects Environment
2. Reduces Energy Consumption
3. Reduces Pollution
4. Reduces Global Warming
5. Judicious and Sustainable use of Resources
6. Conserves Natural Resources
7. Reduces Amount of Waste to Landfills
8. Create Green Jobs

17. Disadvantages:
1. Not always Cost Effective
2. Recycled Products May not Last for Long
3. Unsafe and Unhygienic Recycling Sites
4. Not widespread on Large Scale
5. High Initial Cost