2. Teaching and Learning
• Teaching and learning are the foundation of Education. Both are extremely
important in the process of education. Teaching is successful when it cause
to learn. Nothing is assumed to be taught unless it is learned by the learner.
3. What is Teaching?
• Teaching is one of the instruments of education and is a special function is to impart knowledge, understanding
and skill. It is a system of actions intended to induce learning. The main function of teaching is to make
learning effective. The learning process would get completed as a result of teaching. It Can be formal as well as
informal.
• Teaching is a process in which one individual teaches or instruct another individual. Teaching is considered as
the act of imparting instructions to the learners in the classroom situation. In teaching, an interaction occurs
between the teacher and the students, by which the students are diverted towards the goal.
4. Definition Of Teaching
(1) H C Morrison: - Teaching is intimate contact between a more mature personality and a less mature one.
(2) Jackson: - Teaching is a face-to-face encounter between two or more persons, one of whom (teacher) intends to effect
certain changes in the other participants (students).
(3) N. L, Gage (1962): “Teaching is a form of interpersonal influence aimed at changing the behaviour potential of another
person”
(4) B.D. Smith (1961): “Teaching is a system of actions intended to induce learning.”
(5) “Teaching is an interaction process. Interaction means participation of both teacher and learners and both are benifited by
this . the interaction take place for achieving desired objectives” Ned. A. Flanders
5. Formal and Informal Teaching
• Formal teaching
Formal teaching generally takes place within the four wall i.e schools colleges, university.
• Informal teaching
the informal teaching is carried out within the community friends family etc. home schooling is an informal
teaching.
6. What is Learning?
• Learning simply means the knowledge or skills which are acquired by instruction or
study. Learning, in psychology, is the process by which a relatively lasting change in
potential behaviour occurs because of practice or experience. Learning is also a process of
acquiring modifications in existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through
experience, practice, or exercise.
7. Definition of Learning
1. Gates and others “Learning is the modification of behaviour through experience”
2. Henry, P Smith “Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or strengthening or weakening of old behaviour as
a result of experience”.
3. Crow and Crow “Learning is the acquisition of habits, knowledge and attitudes. It involves new ways of doing
things, and it operates in an individual’s attempt to overcome obstacles or to adjust to new situations.”
4. Skinner “Learning is the process of progressive behaviour adaptation.”
5. Munn “To learn is to modify behaviour and experience.”
• M. L. Bigge “Learning may be considered as change in insights, behaviour, perception, motivation or a combination
of these.”
8. Relation Between Teaching and Learning
• Both teaching & learning may be formal or informal.
• Good teaching results in good learning.
• One can observe teaching but not learning.
• Both teaching and learning require skills, creativity, intelligence and operate on definite principles.
• Good teaching requires good communication skill & good learning requires good listening skills.
• Only good learners become good teachers.
• Teaching and learning are interconnected key players in achieving significant change regarding individuals’ holistic
improvement.
9. Continue…
Teaching is the process of imparting information.
Learning is the process of receiving knowledge as evidenced by a positive or negative change
which lasts for a fairly long time.
Teaching is attributed with more authority, autonomy, and expertise.
Teaching as a process needs learners while learning can happen even without teachers.
Teaching is concerned with giving feedback while learning progresses by understanding
feedback.
10. Effective Teaching
William H Burton (1958) states the following steps towards effective teaching :
1. Teaching should be related to learning.
2. Appropriate teaching conditions should be generated for an effective learning.
3. Teaching strategies & tactics should be selected in such a manner as to achieve the goals.
4. The teacher must understand the relationship of teaching and learning in order to make the process
a successful one.
11. Principles of Effective Teaching
1. Encourage faculty-student contact.
2. Encourage co-operation among students.
3. Encourage active learning.
4. Prompt feedback.
5. Emphasize time on task.
6. Communicate high expectation.
7. Respect diverse talents & ways of learning.
