Nanorobotics is an emerging field that involves creating tiny machines at the nanoscale to perform specific tasks. Some key points: - Nanorobots are proposed to have applications in medicine such as performing targeted surgeries and drug delivery. They could help minimize tissue damage and side effects compared to traditional therapies. - Challenges include engineering nanoscale parts and assembling robots, ensuring biocompatibility, and addressing ethical concerns about privacy and misuse. - If developed successfully, nanorobots may be able to diagnose and treat diseases, monitor health conditions, and potentially end human suffering from many common illnesses. However, significant technological and biological hurdles remain before nanorobots can be

1. NANOROBOTICS : FUTURE ERA OF MEDICINES
Malay N. Jivani
Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology
A
Seminar on
Advance in Pharmaceutical Science

2.  History
 Introduction
 Parts of Nanorobot
 Assembly
 Applications
 Why Nanorobots?
 Cons
 Field of Application
 Challenges
 Conclusion
 Reference

3.  Evidence of nanotechnology date back to 1959.
 But Some believe that humans have unwillingly
employed nanotechnological method for thousands of
years, perhaps even longer.
 The Nobel prize winning physicist Richard P. Feynman
speculated the potential of nanosize devise in his
historical lecture 1959, he concluded saying, ‘’this is a
development which I think cannot be avoided.’’
 One of the first mentions of the distinguishing clear
concepts in nanotechnology was in 1867. At that time,
James Clerk Maxwell proposed, as a thought
experiment, a tiny entity known as Maxwell’s Demons
that was able to handle individual molecules.

4.  Nanotechnology also called nanotech is the
study of manipulating matter on an atomic and
molecular level.
 Generally, nanotechnology deals with
structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometer
in at least one dimension, and involves
developing materials or devices within that
size.
Note :- A nanometer is a billionth part of a meter, i.e., about
1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair. Scale of
nanometer ranges from 1-100nm

5.  Robotics is the branch of
technology that deals with the
design, construction, operation,
structural disposition, manufacture
and application of robots.
 Robotics is related to the sciences
of, enginnering, electronics,
mechanics and software.

6.  Nanorobotics is emerging technical field of creating tiny
machine parts designed to perform a specific tasks
repeatedly and with dimensions of a few nanometer where
1nm=10^-9 m.
 Nanorobotics developed controllable machines at the
nanometer scale (A nanometer is a billionth part of a meter,
or molecular scale that is composed of nano-scale
components and algorithmically responds to input forces and
information.
 Because of their advanced properties these machines are
widely used in the field of medicine where they perform
inspections, operations, treatment of diseases in the human
body, imaging and delivery of drugs to target cells like cancer
cells.

7.  Dr. Gregory described nanorobots as “living organisms,
naturally existing, fabulously complex systems of
molecular nanotechnology
 Nanorobots are specialized nanomachine
 It has dimensions on the order of nanometers.
 Typically 0.5 to 3 microns large with 1-100 nm parts.
 Nanorobots would constitute any passive or active
structure (nano scale) capable of actuation, sensing,
signaling, information processing, intelligence, swarm
behavior at nano scale
 It deals with the controlled manipulation of objects with
nanometer scale dimensions

8.  MEDICINE CAVITY
 PROBES, KNIVES AND CHISELS
 MICROWAVE EMITTERS AND
ULTRASONIC SIGNAL
 GENERATORS
 ELECTRODES
 LASERS
 POWER SUPPLY FOR
NANOROBOTS
 NANOBEARING AND
NANOGEARS
 NANOMOTORS
 CHEMICAL SENSOR

9. NANOBEARING AND
NANOGEARS and
NANOMOTOR

10.  SELF-ASSEMBLY
 DNA-DIRECTED ASSEMBLY
 PROTEIN-DIRECTED ASSEMBLY
 MICROBE- AND VIRUS-DIRECTED
 POSITIONAL ASSEMBLY

11. ◦ Incisions
◦ Time consuming therapy
◦ Do not have 100% success rate.
◦ Dependable patient's life

12.  Minimal or no tissue trauma
 Continuous monitoring and
diagnosis
 Rapid response
 Nanorobotic surgery
 Targeted therapy in Cancer
 minimizing undesired side
effects and risks

13.  Cost
 Complexity and difficulty to
maintain structure
 Brutal risk in the field of
terrorism.
 Privacy
 Can be attacked by the host’s
immune system (exterior
coating of passive diamond)

14.  Nanorobots are
introduced into the body
by surgery.
 So the nanorobots are
made smaller than the
blood vessels as it can
travel.
The nanorobots
are injected in
femoral artery

15. Nanorobot Navigation
External navigation systems : Other methods of detecting the
nanorobot include using X-rays, radio waves, microwaves or heat
Onboard systems, or internal sensors, might also play a large
role in navigation. A nanorobot with chemical sensors could
detect and follow the trail of specific chemicals to reach the right
location. A spectroscopic sensor would allow the nanorobot to
take samples of surrounding tissue, analyze them and follow a
path of the right combination of chemicals.

16.  Diagnosis and Repairs
 Disease prevention
 Artificial immunity

17. Nanorobots for Cardiology
Blood Pressure Monitoring /
Drug Delivery

18. iNOS (inducible
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Nanorobots can be used with
biosensors to detect iNOS Signals for
diagnosis before a stroke happens

19. Nanorobots for Diabetes - Glucose Monitoring
Nanorobots with nanobiochemosensors can be used for pervasive diabetes
monitoring.

20. A single inhaled nanorobot
reaches, deeply inspired
into the lungs, enters an
alveolar duct and attaches
to the tissue surface.

21. “A microscopic machine roaming through the bloodstream,
injecting or taking samples for identification and
determining the concentrations of different compounds"

22. Mechanical drilling of a
small tumormass by a
nanorobot

23. Nanorobots Performing A cell Surgery

24.  Gout is a condition
where the kidneys lose
the ability to remove
waste from the
breakdown of fats from
the bloodstream.
This waste sometimes crystallizes at points near joints like the
knees and ankles. People who suffer from gout experience
intense pain at these joints.
A nanorobot could break up the crystalline structures at the
joints, providing relief from the symptoms, though it wouldn't be
able to reverse the condition permanently.

25.  Nanorobots could travel to the spot and break it up. The robots
must be able to remove the blockage without losing small pieces
in the blood stream, which could travel elsewhere in the body and
cause more problem.

26. Nanorobots could
conceivably treat the
condition by cutting away
the plaque.
A NANOROBOT NIBBLING ON AN
ATHEROSCLEROTIC DEPOSIT IN A
BLOOD VESSEL

27.  Using ultrasonic sensors, the large kidney stones are
broken up . Nanorobots could break it up using a small
laser. Nanorobots carrying ultrasonic signals are
directed towards kidneys to break the stones.

28. Artificial white blood cell or nanorobotic Phagocytes spheroid device 3.4
µm in diameter consist of 610 billion precisely arranged atoms Traps
blood pathogens & breaks them 1000 times faster than white blood cells
MICROBIVORE

29. Artificial mechanical red blood cells
carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
molecules constructed of 18 billion
atoms deliever 236 times more
oxygen to the body tissues when
compared to natural red blood Cells
spherical 1 µm diameter sized
RESPIROCYTES

30. Artificial platelets powered by
serum-oxyglucose reduces
the clotting time & blood loss
performs clotting in
approximately 1 sec while the
natural time is 4-5 mins
CLOTTOCYTES

31.  Engineering challenges:
◦ Feasibility of mass production technique.
◦ Precise positioning and assembly of molecular scale
part.
◦ Manipulating and coordinating activities of large
numbers of independent nanoscale robots
simultaneously is a difficult task.
 Biological challenges:
◦ Developing bio friendly nanomaterial Ensuring
compatibility with all intricate of human body
 Social challenges:
◦ Ethics
◦ Public acceptance
◦ Regulation and human safety

32.  Nanoanesthesia
 Nanorobots in contact with the surface of the crown or
mucosa can reach the pulp via the gingival sulcus,
lamina propria, or dentinal tubules.
 Once in the pulp, they shut down all sensations by
establishing control over nerve- impulse traffic in any
tooth that requires treatment.
 After completion of treatment, they restore this
sensation, thereby providing the patient with anxiety-
free and needleless comfort. The anesthesia is fast-
acting and reversible, with no side effects or
complications associated with its use.

33.  Dentifrobots
 Nanorobotic dentifrices, when delivered either by
mouthwash or tooth paste, can cover all subgingival
surfaces, thereby metabolizing trapped organic matter
into harmless and odorless vapors. Properly configured
dentifrobots can identify and destroy pathogenic
bacteria that exist in the plaque and elsewhere. These
invisibly small dentifrobots are purely mechanical
devices that safely deactivate themselves when
swallowed.

34.  All of the current developments in nanotechnology
directs human a step closer to nanorobots
production.
 Nanorobots can theoretically destroy all common
diseases of the 20th century, thereby ending much
of the pain and suffering.
 Although research into nanorobots is in its
preliminary stages, the promise of such technology
is endless.

35.  Dr. Mehra P, Dr. Nabhi K, ‘‘A Nanorobotics - The Changing Face of Dentistry’’ , International Journal of Science and
Research , Volume 5 Issue 3, March 2016
 Bhagyashree S. Durgakeri, Damini N. Naik and S.V. Viraktamath ’’Application of Nanorobots in Medical field .’’
Bonfring International Journal of Research in Communication Engineering, Vol. 6, Special Issue, November 2016
 ‘’Nanorobot’’ International Journal of Pharma and Bio Science.
http://www.ijpbs.net/51.pdf
 "What Nanobots Are Made Out Of." How Nanorobots Are Made.’’
http://nanogloss.com/nanobots/how-nanorobots-are-made/
 "Nanorobots to Fight Cancer, Diagnose Disease - Health - CBC News." (2009, January 7). CBC.ca - Canadian News
Sports Entertainment Kids Docs Radio TV. http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2009/01/07/nanomedicine.html
 S. Hede and N. Huilgol.(2006)"Nano": The New Nemesis of Cancer." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics: Free
Full Text Articles from JCRT, India. http://www.cancerjournal.net/article.asp?issn=0973-
1482;year=2006;volume=2;issue=4;spage=186;epage=195;aulast=Hede
 Abhilash M, Nanorobots; International Journal of Pharma And Bio Sciences 2010, (1): 105-15.
 Bhat A.S., Nanobots: The Future Of Medicine International Journal Of Engineering And Management Sciences Vol. 5(1)
2014:44-49.
 Couvreur P., “Nanotechnologies for Drug DeliveryApplication to Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases.” Progress in Solid State
Chemistry Vol.34 (2); 2006: 231-5.
 Lumbini P., Prashant A., Mehak K., Karthik K. M., Nanorobotics In Dentistry Annals of Dental Specialty Vol.2;
Issue 3. 2014:55-58

36. ANY QUERIES ?

37. THANK YOU!!!!