How to begin IoT with cheap devices, especially with Arduino technologies

1. Let’s begin IoT with $10
session1: Introduction, LED brink without solder, and ping reply
makoto

2. About myself
Name: Makoto
Career: Infrastructure operation(Server,Network)
Dark past: 15 years ago, I tried to PIC micro-controller but, I couldn’t
make it work.I broke it, so had lost tens dollars, several times.
Introduction: I found Arduino as a easier technology for IoT and rejoin
microcontroller world.
It’s my hobby, do not belongs to any ordanizations

3. Terget group
Target persons
familiar with basic knowledge of TCP/IP
familiar with CLI of OSX,Linux commands
able to spent less than $10
Excluding
Mnemonics programing fundamentalists
A-List Arduino supporters (like Genuino101)

4. Goal
Linux Arduino
Serial communication
(over USB)
Concept
- Lower cost （less than $5)
- Easier Microcomputer technology
- Attainment of minimum IP connection(ping)
Goal
To prepare mininum Arduino R&D environment, to add IP
address to Arduino, then connect PC to Arduino with serial
comunication, then do ping
IP IP

5. Tradeoff slider
Cost
Newer Tech
Easer Tech
importantunimportant
Compliance to
Local radio lows
Elegant Tech

6. Scope
SensorMCP
GatewayGatewayAPP
MotorMCP
PC
Server
Public cloud
Internet/Intranet
- wifi
- Ether
- 3G/4G
Arduino
Linux ARMs
(Raspberry pi etc.)
mbed
Sensors
GPS
Motor Driver
etc.

7. Why Arduino clone?
easy architecture
Arduino Linux系ARM mbed互換
examples Arduino mini clone
Arduino nano clone
$1.3〜
include shipping
Raspbbery PI zero
($6,but difficult to get)
Orange Pi($10)
C.H.I.P($9)
Nucleo series($15)
computing week
(ATMega8bit/8Mhz〜)
enough（ARM） enough(ARM)
IDE Special IDE(C++like) Linux itself Web IDE(C++like)
memo There are a lot of
strange, cheap Arduino
and their copy
if you are a linuxer, you may
be a little bit boring.
I can give up devices even if i would play it with beer then break these devices

8. Whay Arduino copy?
cheap
expensive
easy technology
(as beginner)Difficult
technology
●Arduino mini clone
●Arduino nano clone
●Raspberry Pi zero
● mbed compatible
●Orange Pi
●Arduino for geek
(Digispark etc）
●昔からあるマイコン
(PIC/H8とか)
My Scope
●A-List Arduino
(Genuino101 etc.)

9. Picture：Raspberry Pi zero and Arduino clones
Raspberry Pi
Digispark(Arduino)
Arduino pro mini
clone
Arduino nano
clone NodeMCU/Amica
clone(*1)
WeMos
clone(*1)
Japanese radio regulation doesn’t permit to use NodeMCU/WeMos because of uncertified devices.
If you want to use WiFi connection, You can use “wroom-02” as a certified device.

10. Arduinos
cheap Arduino clones
Digispark Arduino pro mini
clone
Arduino nano
clone
Arduino uno
clone
NodeMCU
lowest price $1.15 free
shipping
$1.25 free shipping $1.71 free shipping $2.6 free shipping $3.23 free shipping
Micro-
controller
ATTiny85(8bit) ATmega168(8bit),
ATmega328P(8bit)
ATmega168(8bit),
ATmega328P(8bit)
ATmega328P(8bit) ESP8266
(32bit +WiFi)
Ingerface
(driver)
micro USB
(libusb)
raw UART mini USB
(CH341, fishy?)
mini USB
(CH341,fishy?)
micro USB
(CP210x)
IDE Customized
Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE Arduino IDE Arduino IDE ArduinoIDE+liberary
addon
Pros. smallest,
cheepest
cheep,small,
3.3,v5v selectable
famous,a lot of
information
a lot of information
no need of solder
WiFi
a lot of information
Cons special and low
version IDE
lack of USB
required UART
USB is fishy
“mini” USB is rare
“mini” USB is rare
I don’t own it
Japanese regulation
doesn’t permit to use
it
My selecion

11. Example：Arduino nano 328P on “Aliexpress”

12. Arduino basic information
❖ No operation system. program keeps running directly on the devices
➢ no standard TCP/IP library. selectable, so you should choice fitting one.
❖ With “UART”, You write program(sketch) to devices and communicate with it.
➢ most of Arduinos have USB controller. use USB to suply power and communicate via UART.
➢ In this case,Arduino seems to be a com port(Serial port) from PC（you can use teraterm）
➢ Physically , Audiono use lower voltage comparing to RS232C(Typical Serial communication for PC)
PC
USB
Arduino本体
USB
Controller UART
Example：Arduino nano
Power supply

13. Arduino basic information
❖ How to use
➢ With C++ like language, make program on its IDE
➢ compiling and write to Arduino via IDE
➢ Run the programs by reboot, reset or automatically
❖ Weakness of computing comparing to ARMs, such as Raspberry Pi1(a hundredth)
❖ Too small memory space（very surprising for server engineer ）
➢ no DRAM, only SRAM
➢ Sometimes “Hanoi tower” stack makes memory leak before CPU limitation

14. Develop environment
USB cable
Arduino nano本体
PC
Arduino IDE
(Software)
Hardware
● PC（OSX,in my case）
● USB cable
(USB mini, in this case)
● Arduino nano clone
Software
● Arduino IDE
● SerialIP Library
● SUB uart driver
No need(at least today)
● Solder
● bread-board、cable
● register、LED
● sensors

15. Develop environment（Hardware）
● PC（Mac, in my case）
○ Basically, at least Mac/Windows/Linux is OK.
○ Today, Linux is requried to use SLIP. MAC/Windows already had ended the
“SLIP”Li Linux on Virtualbox or other hypervisors with USB pass through is
acceptable.
● USBケーブル
○ Arduino nano require mini USB. It is different from micro USB(typical USB)
○ mini USB is legacy in macro world, but common in Arduino world
○ There are some USB cable to supply power without data wires.
● Arduino nano clone
○ 2type processor(ATMega168 and 328P)
■ ATmega168: Flash 16KB/SRAM 1KB/ EEPROM 512B/ 180円〜
■ ATmega328: Flash 32KB/SRAM 2KB/ EEPROM 1KB/ 209円〜
○ I recommend online like Aliexpress(http://www.aliexpress.com/)
○ Standard Arduino with the emblem cost 10 times higher!!
We use it!
Today, 168 is not ok
because of memory

16. Hardware memorandum
● All devices that I ordered could arrive without loss within 3 weeks , but one of
them took more than 1 month.
● I recommend that you order 2 arduinos at different shops as insurance. Even
though, it is cheep.
● Today we don’t use solder, but you cannot escape from it in this field. A simple
and cheep kit is enough. It may cost less than $20.
● How to enjoy
1. Order some cheep devices from your smartphone as your killing time
2. Forget the order
3. After 2weeks, It may arrive. you may develop it with beer and break it
4 Soon, spare one may arrive.
5 Finally you can make it work. cheers!

17. 開発環境：Arduino IDE
❖ Arduino IDE
➢ Download
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
➢ Current version is1.6.8. simply uszip it and run.
➢ You push OK button, then work directory “/User/[user name]
/Documents/Arduino” will be created

18. ❖ SUB uart driver
➢ http://www.wch.cn/download/CH341SER_MAC_ZIP.html
➢ OSX and Win are required to install a USB driver(ubuntu14 are not required)
➢ Google said lot of developers are using it and I try to believe this driver.
➢ OSX detect Arduino nano as a serial device with crazy name as below.
➢ This device name may cause problem1(I write it later)
Takahashi-no-MacBook-Pro:~ makotaka$ sudo ls -al /dev/ | grep cu
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 3 4 3 15:24 cu.Bluetooth-Modem
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 1 4 3 15:24 cu.Bluetooth-PDA-Sync
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 93 4 24 14:23 cu.wch ch341 USB=>RS232
開発環境: USB driver

19. ❖ Use embedded LED blinking sample sketch without revising
➢ “File” → ”Example” → ”01.Basics”→”Blink”
❖ Arduino developer call source cord “Sketch”
LED brink：Let’ try to work

20. ❖ Select Board/Processor/Serial port
➢ “Tool” → select “Arduino nano” then “ATmega 328” as processor and
correct usb serial port.
➢ The sample code means
■ Set PIN 13 as OUTPUT
PIN 13 is connected to
embedded LED
■ Set voltage High,then wait 1sec
■ Set voltage Low,then wait 1sec
■ Loop above actions
LED brink：Let’ try to run

21. LED brink：Let’ try to fail(in case of OSX)
❖ Let’ try to write into your Arduino
❖ You may get failed

22. LED brink：Let’ try to make it
❖ Spaces in device name caused the error.
❖ A solution is to make a symbolic link named “cu.wch”
-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 93 4 24 14:23 cu.wch ch341 USB=
$ sudo ln -s "/dev/cu.wch ch341 USB=>RS232 fd120" /dev/cu.wch
Password:
$ ls -al /dev/cu.*
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 3 4 3 15:24 /dev/cu.Bluetooth-Modem
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 1 4 3 15:24 /dev/cu.Bluetooth-PDA-Sync
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 0 4 24 14:20 /dev/cu.wch -> /dev/cu.wch ch341 USB=>RS232 fd120
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 97 4 24 14:46 /dev/cu.wch ch341 USB=>RS232 fd120 ダメなデバイス名

23. LED brink：Let’ try to rerun
1. Reselect the symbolic link as a
serial port
2. rewrite
3. may succeed
１
２
３
- LED may brink every 1 sec
- Next, you can try to change brink time

24. ❖ Some Arduino nanos are not ready to be written.
❖ push “Reset Button” then when compiling, then release the button just before
IDE start to write binary to your Arduino clone.
-rw- 1 root wheel 18, 93 4 24 14:23 cu.wch ch341 USB=
LED brink：If your arduino clone is not writable,
コレ

25. Ping: Installation of Serial IP library
❖ SerialIP Library
➢ It’s serial ip communication library for SLIP(historical protocol)
➢ Download
■ http://www.shikadi.net/files/arduino/SerialIP-1.0.zip
➢ Install the library
“Sketch” → “Include Library” → “Add zip Library”
Choose “SerialIP-1.0.zip” you downloaded

26. Ping：compiling failire
1. File → Example→SerialIP
2. Select “hellowWorlddServer”
3. Try to compile
4. Then get failed
３
２
３
１

27. ❖ The reason is that the library is little bit old for newer IDE.
❖ IDE version is 1.0 or later, you should change a line in 3 files
➢ Open /libraries/SerialIP/SerialIP.h in your work directory
➢ Change WProgram.h to Arduino.h at line 24
➢ Line 21 in clock-arch.c, and line 21 in SerialIP.cppのshould be change
as the same way.
$vi /Users/ユーザ名/Documents/Arduino/libraries/SerialIP/SerialIP.h
24: #include <WProgram.h> #Befroe
24: #include <Arduino.h> #After
Ping：Rewrite SerialIP Files
$vi /Users/ユーザ名/Documents/Arduino/libraries/SerialIP/clock-arch.c
〜略〜
$vi /Users/ユーザ名/Documents/Arduino/libraries/SerialIP1/SerialIP.cpp
〜略〜

28. ❖ Arduino may be ready.
Ping：Arduino is ready
congratulations!

29. ❖ Unfortunately, Windows/OSX had ended “SLIP” support.
❖ At least Linux PC support SLIP.
❖ I don’t have another PC, Inevitably, I use ubuntu14 on VirtualBox with USB
pass-through.
Ping：Ping対向の設定
Virtual Box (MAC)
Arduino
Serial Communication
(SLIP over USB)
IP
VM(ubuntu14)
IP
Arduino nano
IP
(＊)SLIP is historical serial protocol older than PPP. evoking nostargia

30. Ping：ubuntu configuration, Ping to arduino
$sudo modprobe slip
$sudo slattach -L -s 115200 -p slip /dev/ttyUSB0 & #background
$sudo fconfig sl0 192.168.5.1 dstaddr 192.168.5.2
$ping 192.168.5.2
PING 192.168.5.2 (192.168.5.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.5.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=29.8 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=32.8 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=36.5 ms
^C
--- 192.168.5.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.850/33.060/36.528/2.740 ms
$ifconfig sl0
sl0 Link encap:シリアルラインIP
inetアドレス:192.168.5.1 P-t-P:192.168.5.2 マスク:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:296 メトリック:1
RXパケット:3 エラー:0 損失:0 オーバラン:0 フレーム:0
TXパケット:3 エラー:0 損失:0 オーバラン:0 キャリア:0
衝突(Collisions):0 TXキュー長:10
RXバイト:252 (252.0 B) TXバイト:252 (252.0 B)

31. Ping：TCP connection
❖ ordinary, this example sketch is for Arduino TCP listen. So you can connect to
TCP port 1000 by telnet. You can also customize the example sketch.

32. NEXT session: Ethernet＋MQTT
LAN Cable($.99)
F-F cable７wires
($0.7/20wires. I suggest
that you buy M-M/M-F
cable at once. It may be
required)
“ENC28J60” , cheap
Ethernet module
($2.4)
Arduino nano
(We used today)
Arduino nano
ENC28J60
MQTT broker
(Linux)
SPI
Ethernet
1. Next, devices&tools totally costs less than $5 are needed. Solder is also required.
2. We just need a cheap solder kit. you can study
3. you can study solder at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37mW1i_oEpA
LAN