The document discusses primacy studies in Andhra Pradesh, India. It defines primacy as when the largest city is at least twice as large as the second largest city. In 1971 and 2011, Hyderabad was the primate city of Andhra Pradesh, with a population over 4 times larger than the second and third largest cities. While other cities like Vijayawada and Vishakhapatnam have grown, Hyderabad remains the dominant city in the region. The high primacy index suggests Hyderabad's role as the economic and administrative center of Andhra Pradesh is disproportionate compared to other urban areas.

1. PRIMACY STUDIES
Maitreyi.Y 12AR60R21
Somreeta Das 12AR60R35
DYNAMICS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
ANDHRA PRADESH

2. The urban system of any region is characterised by the dominance of one
city which is called 'primate city'. Primacy is present when the largest city is
twice the population of the one that is second in the rank.
A country's leading city is always disproportionately large and exceptionally
expressive of national capacity and feeling. The primate city is commonly at
least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as
significant. - Mark Jefferson, 1939
Primacy exists when a system of small towns and cities is dominated by one
large city (Jefferson, M. 1939). G. K. Zipf (1949) gave a mathematical
explanation to the law of primate city. It is called rank-size rule. According to
this if all towns in a region are arranged in descending order by
population, the size of the town is 1/r the size of the largest town, according
to the series 1, 1/2,1/ 3, 1/4........ 1/r.
PRIMACY STUDIES

3. Andhra Pradesh
Developing Urban System in Andhra Pradesh
1. Hyderabad Urban region covering
Telangana area
2. Vijayawada-Guntur region covering the
Delta areas of Coastal Andhra
3. Vishakhapatnam Urban region covering
Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and
Vishakhapatnam.
4. Kurnool-Nellore Urban region which covers
entire Rayalaseema region.
Population (2011)
Total 84,655,533
Density 310/km
2
(800/sq mi)
HDI 0.572 (medium)
HDI rank 20th (2005)

4. Demographics
CITY / TOWN POPULATION RANK
Hyderabad 68,09,970 1
Vishakapatnam 17,30,320 2
Vijayawada 14,91,202 3
Warangal 7,59,594 4
Nellore 5,64,148 5
Rajamundry 4,78,199 6
Guntur 4,71,100 7
Tirupati 4,59,985 8
Kakinada 4,42,936 9
Vizianagaram 2,39,374 10
2011Census
CITY / TOWN POPULATION RANK
Hyderabad 16,12,276 1
Vishakapatnam 3,63,467 2
Vijayawada 3,34,000 3
Warangal 2,07,520 5
Nellore 1,13,600 8
Rajamundry 1,89,000 6
Guntur 2,69,900 4
Tirupati 71,700 10
Kakinada 1,64, 200 7
Vizianagaram 86,500 9
1971Census

5. Andhra Pradesh
Source: (1991) (2001) (2011) Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner

6. Analysis for Primacy: City Ranks in 1971 and 2011
Annexure 8.1. Source: Census of India, Government of India
6809970
1730320
1491202
759594
564148
478199
471100
459985
442936
239374
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
1612276
363467
334000
269900 207520 189000 164200
113600 86500 71700
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000 CITY RANK AS PER
POPULATION
PROMOTION /
DEMOTION
1971 2011
Hyderabad 1 1
Vishakhapatnam 2 2
Vijaywada 3 3
Warangal 5 4
Nellore 8 5
Rajahmundry 6 6
Guntur 4 7
Tirupati 10 8
Kakinada 7 9
Vizianagaram 9 10
Populationofcities
Populationofcities
1971
2011

7. Analysis for Primacy: Log Linear Relationship for 1971 & 2011 data
Annexure 8.1. Source: Census of India, Government of India
6.207439
5.560465
5.523746 5.431203
5.31706
5.276462
5.215373
5.055378
4.937016
4.855519
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6.8331452
6.2381264
6.17353655.8805815
5.7513931
5.6796087
5.6731131
5.6627437
5.646341
5.379077
0
2
4
6
8
The primacy index can be calculated by the
following formula:
PI = C1/ (C1 + C2 + C3 + C4) * 100
In 1971,
PI=
16,12,276/(16,12,276+ 3,63,467+ 3,34,000
+ 2,07,520)*100 = 64 > 50
In 2011,
PI=
68,09,970/(68,09,970+17,30,320+14,91,202+7,59,59
4)*100 = 63.1 > 50.
Hence, Hyderabad is a Primate City
Vishakapatnam, Vijayawada and cities from the other growth
regions do not follow the rank size rule.
The order of primacy is much higher as compared to the ideal
condition.
1971
2011

8. Inferences
-It is observed that the population of the Capital city of Hyderabad is much
higher than the second and third rank cities (almost 4 times).
- Post Independence, Hyderabad gained prominence from Telangana region
only.
- After formation of AP in 1956, there was a considerable shift from Andhra
and Rayalaseema regions towards Hyderabad where many industries were
setup and scope for job opportunities were higher.
- Yet, Vishakapatnam retained its pace of growth being an important port
town along the eastern coast.
- Vijayawada became a secondary centre for development as it emerged as
an important railway junction connecting northern and southern parts of the
country. Also it is an important commercial centre for the Andhra region.
- Similarly, Nellore is growth centre of Rayalaseema region.
-Guntur, Vizianagaram and Kakinada portrayed a decline in population
growth rate (relative) owing to the presence of higher order cities of
Vijayawada and Vishakhapatnam in their vicinity.
- In future, if a new state of Telangana emerges, it shall result in the
development of Vijayawada and Vishakapatnam , as probable capitals for
the state of AP. The speculations have triggered a population rise in these
regions already. It is visible from the real estate pricing boom in these areas.

9. Thank You
References
 Annexure 8.1. Source: Census of India, Government of India
 Census of India Website
 (1991) (2001) (2011) Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner
 Census of India – 1931, 1971
 Provisional Population Tables 1991
 Mongabay.com