This document provides an overview of stereochemistry principles covered in two lectures. It discusses key topics like historical background, isomerism, enantiomers, racemic mixtures, compounds with one or multiple asymmetric carbons, diastereomers, absolute configuration, and methods for forming racemic mixtures. Examples discussed include 2-butanol, lactic acid, glyceraldehyde, aldotetrose, and amino acids. The document outlines fundamental stereochemistry concepts and examples taught across two lectures.

1. Principles in
STEREOCHEMISTRY
Prof.Dr Adel Selem
By: Mahmoud Galal Zidan

2. Lecture 1

3. Historical Background
•

5. •

6. Acidimetric carbon atom which
attached with four different
function• 2-butanol

7. • 2 Cl – Butane
• Lactic acid (2-Hydroxypropionic acid )
Isomerism 2n where n is the no of athemetric Carbon
Carbon not athemetric because of C=O

8. Pair of enantiomers
• Are two optically active isomers each one is the mirror image of
the other
• They have identical properties
• One of them rotate the light to the right an another rotate the
light to the left

9. Racemic Mixture
• When two enantiomers are mixed together a rotation caused
by a molecule of one isomer is exactly canceled by an equal
and opposite rotation caused by a molecule of its enantiomer
• Or it’s the mixture of equal amount of optical inactive .

10. Compound containing one
asymmetric carbon atom
• Glyceraldehyde C3H6O3 ( CnH2nOn )

11. Compound containing two
dissimilar asymmetric carbon
atom• aldoTetriose
OH In right  D
OH In left  L

12. Diastereomers
(1,4) . (2,3) one of the is not mirror image to other but they are
non super possible – they have different physical properties .
• 2,3 dichloropentane
• Amino Acid ( alanine )

13. Compound containing two similar
asymmetric carbon atom
• 2,3 dichloropentane

14. • Aldopentose

15. Lecture 2

16. Absolute Configuration
• Chloro Bromo Iodo Methane
• Mesoform : is the isomers containing plane of symmetry
Plane of symmetry

17. • Glyceraldehyde

18. • Aldo Tetrose
• Tartaric acid

19. • Aldopentose

20. Racemic Mixture
• Formation of ( Cyano hydrides )
• Formation of ( α – halo acid )

21. • Malonic Ester

22. • Ethyl acetate