INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH & ILLNESS

1. INTRODUCTION
TO HEALTH AND
ILLNESS
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR.
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

2. DEFINITION
• “The condition of being sound in body,
mind or spirit, especially freedom from
physical disease or pain”. (WEBSTER)
• “Soundness of body or mind; that
condition in which its functions are duly &
efficiently discharged” (OXFORD ENGLISH
DICTIONARY).

3. • “Health is a state of complete
physical, mental,social and spiritual
well – being & not merely an
absence of disease or infirmity”
(WHO)

4. HEALTH
PHYSICAL
DIMENSION
MENTAL
DIMENSION
SOCIAL
DIMENSION
SPIRITUAL
DIMENSION
EMOTIONAL
DIMENSION
VOCATIONAL
DIMENSION
PHILOSOPHICL
DIMENSION
CULTURAL
DIMENSION
SOCIO
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
NUTRITION
EDUCATIVE
CURATIVE
PREVENTIVE

5. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH

6. PHYSICAL DIMENSION

7. SIGNS OF PHYSICAL HEALTH
• 1. Good complexion.
• 2. Clear skin.
• 3. Bright eyes.
• 4. Lustrous hair.
• 5. Body well clothed.

8. • 6. Firm flesh.
• 7. Not too fat.
• 8. A sweet breath.
• 9. A good appetite.
• 10. Sound sleep.

9. • 11. Regular activity of bowels &
bladder.
• 12.Smooth, easy, coordinated
movement of the body.
• 13. All the organs of the body are of
unexceptional size & function
normally.

10. • 14. All the special senses are intact.
• 15. The resting pulse rate, blood
pressure & exercise tolerance are all
within the range of normality for
individuals' age & sex.
• 16. In the young & growing individual
there is a steady gain in weight

11. • This state of normality has fairly
wide limits.
• These limits are set by observation
of a large number of “normal”
people, who are free from evident
disease.

12. EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL
HEALTH
• 1. Self assessment of overall health.
• 2. Inquiry into symptoms of ill health &
risk factors.
• 3. Inquiry into medications.

13. • 4. Inquiry into levels of activity.
• 5. Inquiry into use of medical
services.
• 6. Standardized questionnaire for
cardio vascular diseases.

14. • 7. Standardized questionnaire for
respiratory diseases.
• 8. Clinical examination.
• 9. Nutrition & dietary assessment.
• 10. Bio chemical & laboratory
investigations

15. MENTAL HEALTH
• Good mental
health is the
ability to
respond to the
many varied
experiences of
life with
flexibility & a
sense of
purpose.

16. • Mental health has been defined as s
state of balance between the
individual & the surrounding world,
a state of harmony between oneself
& others, a co existence between
the realities of the self & that of
other people & that of the
environment.

17. • Psychologist have mentioned the
following characteristics as
attributes of a mentally healthy
person.

18. MENTALLY HEALTHY
PERSON
• 1. A mentally healthy person is free from
internal conflicts, he is not at war with
himself.
• 2. He is well adjusted , i.e., He is able to
get along well with others. He accepts
criticism & is not easily upset.

19. • 3. He searches for identity.
• 4. He has a strong sense of self
esteem.
• 5. He knows himself; his needs,
problems & goals. (Self
Actualization).

20. • 6. He has good self control balances
rationally & emotionally.
• 7. He faces problems & tries to solve
them intelligently, i.e., coping with
stress & anxiety.

21. SOCIAL DIMENSION
• Social well being
implies harmony &
integration within
the individual,
between individuals
& other members of
society & between
individuals & the
world in which they
live.

22. • It has been defined as the “ Quantity &
Quality of an individual’s interpersonal ties
& the extent of involvement with the
community”.
• It is the ability of a person to see oneself as
a part of a larger community.
• Social health is rooted in “Positive Human
Environment”, which is concerned with the
social network of the individual.

23. SPIRITUAL DIMENSION
• Spirituality refers
to that part of
the individual
which reaches
out & strives for
meaning &
purpose in life.

24. • It is the intangible “something” that
transcends physiology & psychology.
• It includes integrity, principles &
ethics, the purpose in life,
commitment to some higher being
& belief in concepts that are not
subject to “state of the art”
explanation.

25. VOCATIONAL DIMENSION
• Vocational dimension is a part of human
existence.
• The importance of this dimension is
exposed when individuals suddenly lose
their jobs or faced with mandatory
retirement.

27. • When work is fully adapted to
human goals , capacities &
limitations, work often plays a role
in promoting both physical &
mental health.
• Physical work often plays a role in
promoting both physical & mental
health.

28. • For many the vocational
dimension may be merely a
source of income.
• To others, this dimension
represents the culmination of
the efforts of other dimensions
to produce success in life.

29. OTHER DIMENSIONS
1. Philosophical dimension.
2. Cultural dimension.
3. Socio economic dimension.
4. Environmental dimension.

32. 5. Educational
dimension.
6. Nutritional
dimension.
7. Curative dimension.
8. Preventive
dimension.

33. THANK YOU