2. Overview of Presentation
India demographics and need for resources
India’s energy profile
Why solar?
Governmental and Private Initiatives
Problems
Conclusion
3. India: Land of a Billion Energy Needs
2.4% of land area with 16%
of the world’s population
Life Expectancy 64.71 years
Household sector: largest
consumer of energy
accounting for 40-50 % of
total energy consumption
In rural areas, the domestic
sector accounts for nearly
80 percent of total energy
consumption
About two thirds of India’s
more than 1 billion people
live in rural areas
4. India’s Energy Crisis - Dependence
India is currently importing 100 million tons of
crude oil
Foreign exchange outflow of Rs.1.5 trillion
per year (nearly $34 billion)
At this rate, in 2030 the country may have to
import 300 million tons of crude oil.
5.
6. The President’s Message: Independence
Cut down energy losses
Utilize technologies to provide
a diverse supply of
environmentally friendly
energy
“We must achieve Energy
Independence by 2030”,
including a cut down in ALL
sectors
Increase the power generated
through renewable energy
sources from 5% to 25%
President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
This is the nation’s “first and
highest priority” (Rocket Scientist)
7. President’s Solar Message
Kalam pushes solar as a
key part of the 2030 energy
independence plan
Agricultural sector - both for
powering farms and for
desalination plants to bring
in fresh water
Nanotechnology research --
something that India has
already embraced -- to a
drive to improve solar
efficiencies.
8. Two ways to Solar
Thermal Energy
Research and development for technologies.
Example: A large solar dish has been set up
under a research project at Latur in Maharashtra
to provide process heat for milk pasteurization.
Photovoltaic Energy
9. Brief Overview of Solar PV Technology
Solar cells are made of silicon (microelectronics/semiconductors)
Treated to be positive on one side and negative on the other.
When light energy hits the cell, electrons are knocked loose from
the atoms in the semiconductor material.
If electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negative
sides, forming an electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured in
the form of an electric current.
10.
11.
12. India’s Solar Profile
India ranks 3rd in
annual production
capacity of solar PV
ahead of Germany,
France and Australia
India increasing budget
for implementing solar
power plants
14. Rural Needs are Simple
Fuel for cooking
Water for drinking
Light for studying
Television and telephone for entertainment
and connectivity
15. India Has a Lot of Sunlight
Sunlight on the surface of earth is the radiation
received from sun.
India has adequate sunshine available for most
parts of the year, including rural areas.
The amount of solar energy impacting the surface of
earth is 1000 watts per square meter, which is about
32.8 million MW every second on the Indian land
mass.
*A large part of the incident heat is reflected to the
outer space or radiated back to space.
16. Solar: Easy Energy In Rural India
Solar energy is
practically inexhaustible
Widely distributed
Environment friendly
Cost free in raw form
No need to transport
raw materials to
villages
No towers, heavy
cabling, etc.
17. Governmental Rural Initiative:
Solar Cooking Project
Current sources available
for cooking are firewood,
crop residues and animal
dung in rural areas
Promoted by the
Government of India
Parabolic Dish Solar
Cookers
Solar Box Cooker
Community Solar Cooker
Solar Steam Cooking
System
18. Private Initiative:
Solar Loans from Selco India
Customers: poor daily-wage
laborers to institutions
All buy solar panels at the
same rate: about $450 for a
40-watt system that can light
several 7-watt bulbs for four
hours between charges.
Persuaded rural banks to lend
hundreds of dollars to rural
people
19. Governmental Rural Initiative:
Solar Farms
100 MW sized Very
Large Scale Solar
Photovoltaic (VLSPV)
Stations
Program to develop
efficiency of solar cells
from 15% to 50%
Make farmers “farm the
sun”
20. Private Initiative:
Tata Power makes life Solar
Sunbank, a customized package for rural
banks
Coming soon : ATMs
Suraksha, a solar-powered communication
system, helps police stations function
effectively
21. Private Initiative:
Tata Power contd.
Solar powered vaccine
refrigerator
manufactured
indigenously by the
company and approved
by the World Health
Organization (WHO).
Low cost solar lantern
22. Private Initiative:
Tata Power contd.
Currently powering houses, schools,
police stations, etc.
My Uncle’s House – powered by solar
23. Disadvantages of Solar Energy for Rural
India
Low intensity or dispersion
Its unpredictability, which varies with the whims of
weather (Monsoon Season)
Cost of Solar Equipment for the poor – Financing
schemes
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
(IREDA) - a Public Limited Company, providing
revolving fund to financing and leasing companies
offering affordable credit for the purchase of PV
systems
24. But is it working?
Thermal Program:
600,000 solar cookers have
been produced.
2000 concentrating dish
cookers
12 community village cookers
and 1.5 million sq m of
collector area for water heating
systems have been achieved.
Photovoltaic Program:
55000 street lighting systems
340,000 home lighting systems
1566 kW of power plants
540,000 solar lanterns have
been produced
25. Conclusion
700 Million Rural People
x
80% of total energy for these needs
___________________________________
Making India’s rural population and India
more energy independent
Hinweis der Redaktion
Wikipedia.org used the Source: Based on P.N. Mari Bhat, "Indian Demographic Scenarion 2025", Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, Discussion Paper No. 27/2001 Picture: http://www.nipissingu.ca/department/history/muhlberger/histdem/traffic%20in%20delhi.jpg Household Statistics : Solar Energy: Alternative to Combat Energy Insecurity in India, Shikha Bisht & Biswajayee Patra Article No:96, December 12, 2006 Rural Stats: http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/english/regions/asia/ind/index.htm