1. MANTHAN TOPIC: TOWARDS CLEANER INDIA
Providing Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation Facility to All
Presented By
Mahesh Dandgaval
Kanchan Jain
Divya Jain
Gaurav Deshmukh
Hiren Khatri

2. One of the main causes of the poor state of health in India is due to lack of safe drinking water and proper sanitation facility
Overview
Having access to safe drinking water and sanitation is
central to living a life in dignity and upholding human
rights. Yet billions of people still do not enjoy these
fundamental rights. The rights to water and sanitation
further require an explicit focus on the most
disadvantaged and marginalized, as well as an emphasis
on participation, empowerment, accountability and
transparency.
Around 1,000 children below the age of five die every
day in India from diarrhea, hepatitis and other
sanitation-related diseases
Sanitation
•with 63 crore people who practice open defecation, has more
than twice the number of the next 18 countries combined
•India has around 81.4 crore people without safe sanitation
•94% cities across the country do not have even a partial sewage
network
•Only 31 per cent of I dia s population use improved sanitation
(2008)
Potable Water
• 9.7 crore people in the country lack access to safe drinking
water
• Women, who have to collect the drinking water, are vulnerable
to a number of unsafe practices. Only 13 per cent of adult males
collect water.
•Only a quarter the total population in India has drinking water
on their premise.
• Sixty seven per cent of Indian households do not treat their
drinking water, even though it could be chemically or bacterially
contaminated.
Despite the fact that India experienced more economic
growth, its regional least-developed-country (LDC)
neighbors were able to make more progress on providing
improved access to sanitation to their population,
suggesting that India is not using its maximum available
resources to fulfill MDG 7's sanitation target.
India loses Rs 24,000 crore annually to lack of
toilets/hygiene: World Bank

3. Solution through by using non conventional sources is an innovative way to reduce the problems of lack of potable water and
sanitation system with respect to economy
Innovative Proposed Solutions
Using solar water
purifier i.e. Distillation
process
Using method of rain
water harvesting
Sewage treatment
•Sunlight is one of several forms of heat energy that can be used to power that process.
•Sunlight has the advantage of zero fuel cost
•Extremely low cost, no need to high skill and easy to handling
•Practiced for many years in tropical and sub-tropical regions where fresh water is scare.
•Total expected lifetime output in liters.
•There is no possibility of bacterial contamination or pollution
•To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table
•To beneficiate water quality in aquifers
•To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon
•To reduce soil erosion
•To inculcate a culture of water conservation
•Upgrading the quality of life
•Preserving the natural environment
•Saving and processing waters
•Saving of money
•Economic development and tourism
•Flooding incidences
•Standard of living
• Use of sewage sludge in agriculture because it conserves organic matter and completes nutrient
cycles.
•Sewage will be treated by biological treatment method
•The systems are extremely reliable

4. Water treatment by
chlorination and
conventional method
Promoting dry privy and eco
sanitation in rural areas
Promoting communal
sanitation solution for urban
slums
•Reduces many disagreeable tastes and odors
•Eliminates slime bacteria, molds and algae that commonly grow in water supply reservoirs,
on the walls of water mains and in storage tanks
•Removes chemical compounds that have unpleasant tastes and hinder disinfection
•Helps remove iron and manganese from raw water.
•Very economical, only 1 paisa/100 liter charge liable
•They do not require water so are appropriate in areas where there is no adequate water
supply.
•Squatting is normal to many people and thus is acceptable to users.
•Alternating double pits will allow the excreta to drain, degrade and transform into a
nutrient-rich, safe humic material that can be used to improve soils.
•They avoid contamination of surface water and top soil if properly installed and
maintained.
•They can be constructed with minimum cost using local material and local skills.
•The presence of properly constructed slabs will allow easy cleaning and avoid flies and
unsightliness.
•This program sought to improve the physical infrastructure of community and public
toilets.
•Improve the associated management systems in order to ensure long-term maintenance.
•Sufficient lighting and ventilation; and enough water for all services.
•Enhanced infrastructure.
•Solution that will produce the most attractive, sustainable and hygienic alternatives to
open defecation for slum residents.

5. We cannot improve on the system of government handed down to us by the founders of the Republic. There is no way
to improve upon that. But what we can do is to find new ways to implement that system and realize our destiny.
Implementing the plan
Proposed Solution
Implementation
•Using solar water purifier
The most common and cheapest form of solar
distillation for implementation in poverty stricken
regions is to use a solar still, which uses a clear
face and a water holding device to perform the
distillation. The most simple form and cheapest to
construct.
•Using method of rain water harvesting
In Indian conditions, quantity of water is a
problem. Water is not available to major
population of India. So rain water harvesting
technique to meet water crisis. It will be
compulsory for all buildings to do water harvesting
for their roof water. It will use irrigation purpose
too. Small size chlorinators can be installed in all
tube wells to purify water. The safe drinking water
will be available to entire population.
•Sewage treatment
Growing urbanization has called for the need of efficient sewage
system in the country. If massive investment is done on
establishing sewage treatment plants. For implementation its
necessary to evaluate the adequacy of the treatment plant,
evaluate performance of different units and to identify the major
deficiencies in the treatment plant.

6. Key elements of the implementation plan are designed to make it scalable and sustainable
Implementation
Proposed Solution
•Water treatment by chlorination
Chlorination is a very popular method of water disinfection
that has been used for many years. It is effective for killing
bacteria and viruses. It is easy to applicable. Due to economical,
we can provide rural parts easily. Rate of purification is high.
•Promoting dry privy and eco sanitation
Basically implemented rural and low-income urban areas. Mainly
used as a household facility and for rural institutions. Operation
of privy is quite simple and easy to installation. It is achieve
economy. Maintenances is negligible.
•Promoting communal sanitation solution
for urban slums
Communal sanitation is easy to implementation for a slum area
where multiple users are there. It is low cost and easy to
affordable sanitation system of facility management help
overcome these collecti e actio problems and make communal
toilets a sustainable option in urban slums
Strategic Implementation
•Creating a demand for safe sanitation services
•Meeting the demand for safe sanitation services
•Ensuring sustainability of sanitation infrastructure and behavior

7. To engage stakeholders in the protection, improvement of water quality and sustainable implementation of
innovations through public awareness and behavioral change activities especially to train and raise the awareness of
target participants to ensure sustainable access to safe drinking-water through good water supply practice, and
basic sanitation.
Stakeholders involved in each step
•Working collaboratively with stakeholders
On rain water harvesting
Go er e t depart e ts, ater ta ks co structio co pa ies, NGO s a d
CBO s i ol ed i ater ta k project, a d ater ta k o ers householders:
women and men from communities) to raise public awareness and bring
about behavioral change to proper management and harvesting of rain
water.
•Working collaboration with stakeholders
On solar water purifier
Government departments, ministry of water resources and irrigation
irrigation equipment companies, solar goods companies, government
and private contractors, solar distillation owners to raise the use of solar
distillation.
•Working collaboration with stakeholders
On sewage treatment
Government departments, central and state ministry of sanitation,
municipal corporation, government and private contractors, users of
respective
•Working collaboration with stakeholder
On Water treatment by chlorination and
Conventional method
Government departments, central and state ministry of drinking water,
municipal corporation, city authority, government and river basin
orga izatio ‘BO s , co
ittee represe tati es.
•Working collaboration with stakeholder
On dry privy and eco sanitation
Government departments, central and state ministry of sanitation, gram
panchayat, rural householders, NGO s, o ers.
•Working collaboration with stakeholder
On communal sanitation
Government departments, central and state ministry of sanitation,
municipal corporation, NGOs and INGOs active in the area, In addition to
the above mentioned community groups, Public health officers, Local
authority officers, Technical officers Non - governmental organizations
who have being engaging in implementing and monitoring the eco-san
projects in the case study area have identified as the key stakeholders.

8. Funding for the Special Operations Network comes directly from the government. Most work is centralized, but all of the
SpecOps divisions have local representatives to keep a watchful eye on any provincial problems.
Proposed source of funding
Solar water purifier distillation
process
Rain water harvesting method
•Government and authority contribution
•Villagers contribution
•Granted for society
•At least 50% subsidy from state government
•Government will provide 100% free technical
assistance
•At least 50% subsidy from state government
•Society contribution
•Granted from authority
Sewage treatment and water
treatment
Dry privy and eco sanitation
•Municipal corporation should increase 20%
sanitation tax and water tax
•Funding source from all part of the society
•Loan fund from state government
•From market interest
•From allow private contractors
•30% Central Government and 30% State
Government subsidy
•Funds from villagers
•Respective authority contribution
•Granted from society
•Appeal rich and kind people to donate
money
Communal sanitation
•Municipal corporation should get granted for
sanitation tax
•Loan fund for world bank
•Loan fund for central and state government
•Allow private contractors
•Funding from all part of society

9. The proposed solution able to impact over 70 million people of India and to nourish the healthy society of the nation
Impact and Reach
Impact of Safe Drinking Water
•Rate of mortality and morbidity will reduce
•Load on medical facilities will reduce and human performance and efficiency will improve
•Rate of diseases is reduced
•Reduce the rate of diarrhea, hepatitis up to 70%
•Improve the rate of children present in the schools
•Childre s health improves markedly
•Child and infant mortality rates decrease
•More children will enroll and stay in school.
•Additional international development goals are also more likely to be reached and sustained
•poverty reduction, food security, gender equality, environmental stability and more stable global security.
Impact of Proper Sanitation
•Health of society in general will improve
•City will look neat and clean
•poverty reduction, food security, gender equality, environmental stability and more stable global security.
• savings in health care costs
• reduced sick leave and higher worker productivity
•better learning capacities among schoolchildren - increased school attendance, especially by girls
•national pride and strengthened tourism
•reduced water treatment costs

10. The main challenge of pure water and sanitation to all for implementation and application of the solutions
Challenges
Implementation challenges
•Lack of awareness in rural area about proper sanitation
•The increasing demand for water by the rising population has placed a burden
on the existing water resources
•Socio-economic factors like poverty and caste discrimination among the poor
and SCs/STs have led to lower reach of sanitation and clean drinking water
among them
•A substantial amount of water is wasted during transportation
Mitigation factors
•Funding from other sources or self funded
• advertising / awareness campaign
•Mentality of the peoples
•Gender equilality
•Low potential involvement
Concept risks
•Failure of a model
•Failure of the proper implementation
•Failure of execution

11. Appendix
References
•Towards a Healthy Society, National Knowledge Commission of India, 2008
•Report of special group of water and sanitation, Planning Commission India 2001
• Report water and sanitation development, UNESCO 2007
•Study analysis for Asia water and sanitation progress, UNO 2010
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/
http://labspace.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=453841&section=1.6
http://www.solarwaterenergy.net/advantages.html
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml
http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/library/archives/water-supply-sanitation/
http://www.urbanindia.nic.in/programme/uwss/slb/SeptageMgmtAdvMay20.pdf
http://www.urbanindia.nic.in/publicinfo/o_m/chapter%205.pdf
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Water-Sanitation-and-Hygiene
http://www.urbanindia.nic.in/programme/uwss/slb/urban_sanitation.pdf
http://www.harvestingrainwater.com/rainwater-harvesting-inforesources/water-harvesting-tax-credits/
http://www.waterawards.in/articles-news/india-cities-focus-on-rainwater-harvesting-to-provide-clean-drinking-water.php
http://sanitationupdates.wordpress.com/2011/12/14/india-crowd-funding-for-sanitation-and-water/