The problem of managing the urban wastes is a global issue. Students have shown a concern on this issue and presented a PPT on a comparative study....viewers please watch and leave your comments..
1. By : Jyoti
Class : XI
ID no : 4487
School : Mann Public School
2. Index
Meaning
Type of waste
Urban waste Management situation in the following cities
i. Delhi
ii. New York
iii. Singapore
Conclusion
3. Meaning
Any material which is not
required by the owner ,producer
or processor is known as waste .
4. Type of waste
Domestic waste
Factory waste
Waste from oil-factory
E-waste
Construction waste
Agricultural waste
Nuclear waste
5. Situation in Delhi
Approximately 8000 MT MSW generated daily in Delhi.
Okhla Waste to Energy Plant: 1950 Ton per day MSW. Electricity generation capacity is
16 MW.
Ghazipur Waste to Energy Plant: 1300 Ton per day MSW with output of 450 Tons RDF.
This is under process & is expected to be done by 2013. Electricity generation capacity
wil be 10 MW.
Narela Waste to Energy Plant: 1200 Tons per day MSW with output of 450 Tons RDF 24
MW Power.
MCD Compost Plant at Bhalaswa Sanitary Landfill Site: Composting is being done for
500 MT/day.
Compost Plant at Okhla: 200 Tons per day.
APMC: Existing Compost plant of capacity 125TPD is being upgraded to 200 TPD.
Decentralized Green Waste Management
Generation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil in an environmentally sound way.
A Pilot project based on Nisargruna Technology of BARC for converting
biodegradable waste into biogas has been installed at Delhi Secretariat.
Delhi Cabinet has approved bio-gas production from bio-degradable waste using
BARC developed Nisargruna technology by giving fiscal incentives to the tune of 33%
of plant cost.
Potential exist in hotels, Hospital canteens, Group Housing Societies, etc.
6. Waste Collection
Our waste collection system relies on regular, door-to-door collection of waste from households and
other establishments. Without an appropriate collection system, municipal bodies find themselves
spending inordinate amounts of money on street sweeping, as a large share of the waste (up to 40%
in many locations) will end up being left by residents in drains or on common/municipal land.
Such uncontrolled dumping can lead to spread of vector-borne and water borne disease,
contamination of ground water as well as reduced quality of life for residents.
The basic collection operation can be divided into two elements – primary and secondary collection.
Primary Collection
In most average density cities primary collection is managed door-to-door on a daily basis by
waste collectors using hand carts or tricycles. Households are encourage to segregate their waste in
two fractions – biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Further, the waste collectors makes a
further initial separation into recyclable, inert and biodegradable waste before storing the waste in
his or her cart or tricycle. The waste is throughout the primary collection stored separated.
Regular collection of waste avoids an problems of leachate and odor, as the fresh organic waste is
not given time to begin decomposition in an anaerobic fashion.
Secondary Collection
From the primary collection carts or tricycles waste is transferred directly to trucks or tractor
trolleys. As soon as bins are full they are transferred to our waste processing centres for
composting, recycling and ultimately disposal. This bin-less system ensures that waste is not left on
ground or in bins from where it can either spread or create problems such as leachate or odor.
Throughout the secondary collection system biodegradable, recyclable and inert waste is managed
separately.
7. Situation in New York
One of the many roles of the department is to protect
New York State's environment and the health of its
citizens through innovative, rational, and reasonable
management of solid and hazardous and special waste
that secures public confidence and provides for
sustainable economic development that is responsive
to environmental concerns. Hazardous Waste Manifest
The hazardous waste manifest program is a key
element in controlling hazardous waste. Using a set of
forms, reports and procedures, the manifest program
tracks hazardous waste from the time it leaves the
generator facility where it is produced, until it reaches
the off-site waste management facility that will store,
treat or dispose of the hazardous waste. This cradle-to-
grave tracking system ensures that hazardous
waste is transported from the place of generation to
the place of ultimate disposal without being tampered
with, dumped, or otherwise illegally disposed of along
the way.
8. Urban waste management facilities
These processing facilities remove reusable building or construction materials from the waste
stream, and process the material into usable components or products.
Household Hazardous Waste Collection and Storage Facilities (HHWCSF) - Household hazardous
waste (HHW) is collected and/or stored at these facilities which are open on a regular basis.
HHWCSF are required to be permitted by the DEC. Collection of HHW in New York State is also
accomplished through single collection day events, where residents can bring HHW to a central
location to be packaged and transported. In order to hold a HHW collection day, a plan for the
event must be approved in advance by the DEC.
Materials Exchanges - Materials exchanges facilitate the exchange of materials or wastes from
one party, which has no use for that material, to another party that views the materials as a
valuable commodity. These facilities foster waste reduction efforts through the reuse of materials,
thus eliminating the need to process the materials for recovery or disposal. These facilities are not
regulated by the DEC.
Metal Salvage Facilities, Scrap Metal Processors and facilities that recover metals from sludges -
The following facility types are exempt from regulation under Part 360, except as
follows: the owner or operator of each of these facilities must provide the
department with an Annual Report Form For Waste Fluids Disposal (PDF, 94 KB)
that details how waste fluids (including, but not limited to, refrigerants, oil and
transmission fluids) are disposed:
•Metal salvage facilities and scrap metal processors that do not fit the definition of
vehicle dismantlers,
•Facilities that recover metal from sludges that are not hazardous waste which are
required to be managed at a facility subject to regulation under Part 373 or 374 of
Title 6.
9. Situation in Singapore
The National Environment Agency (NEA) plans, develops and manages
Singapore’s advanced waste management system. An efficient system for
waste collection and disposal is critical in Singapore, given our limited land
area and dense population
NEA selects public waste collectors (PWCs) to serve domestic and trade
premises in Singapore’s nine geographical sectors. Successful bidders are
awarded seven-year contracts to service a sector. This includes the collection
of recyclable materials from households under the National Recycling
Programme.
10. Solid waste disposal
Infrastructure
The solid waste disposal infrastructure consists of four waste-to-energy (WTE)
plants located at Tuas, Senoko, Tuas South and an offshore sanitary landfill,
Semakau Landfill. Waste collectors sending waste to the disposal facilities
must be accompanied by a waybill to indicate the type and source of waste.
Illegal dumping
The illegal dumping of waste of any kind is a serious offence. It pollutes the
environment and can be a hazard to public health. If a member of the public
observes illegal dumping taking place, they can contact the NEA Call Centre at
1800-CALL-NEA (18002255632) and provide the following information
Date, time and location of dumping
Vehicle registration number
Your name and contact number
All calls are treated with the strictest of confidence.
