In today's world, where farming is becoming increasingly important, it is crucial to have affordable and efficient equipment to aid in the processing of crops. This presentation aims to shed light on various cost-effective farm processing equipment options available in the market

1. DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JNKVV, JABALPUR
Credit Seminar
Low cost farm processing equipments
(a boon for boosting rural economy)
Guided By Presented by
Dr. LPS Rajput Madhvi Sharma
Prof. & Head Food Science & Technology
JNKVV, Jabalpur Enroll no: 180120022
Food Science & Technology

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Postharvest losses in asia pacific region
3. Losses at various post harvest steps
4. Percentage of losses estimated for major produces
in India
5. Possible reasons of losses
6. What could be done??
7. Post harvest processing at farm level
8. Low cost farm processing equipments
9. Examples
10.Role of JNKVV in helping farmers to boost economy
11.Advantages of low cost farm processing equipments
12.Constraints and challenges
13.Conclusion
14.References

3. Introduction
India stands among top three in terms of production of
various agricultural commodities like paddy, wheat, pulses,
groundnut, rapeseed, fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tea, cotton,
tobacco leaves, etc. (GOI, 2014).
Agricultural commodities have to undergo a series of
operations such as harvesting, threshing, winnowing, bagging,
transportation, storage, processing and exchange before they
reach the market, and as evident from several studies across the
country, there are considerable losses in crop output at all the
stages.
In a country where 20% of the population is
undernourished, post harvest losses of 20 MT annually is
substantial avoidable waste. Post harvest losses of food grains in
India are 7-10% of the total production from farm to market level
And 4-5% at market and distribution level. (GOI, 2014)

4. Cont…
Above stated losses would be enough to feed about 70-100
million people i.e. about 1/3rd of India's population or entire
population of states of Bihar and Haryana together for about
one year. Which is evident that these losses have impact at both
the micro and macro levels of the economy.
Only 2% of horticulture produce is processed, extremely less is
exported, 20-30% gets wasted in market chain with a total of 30-
40% getting wasted every year due to lack of improper post
harvest operation. (GOI, 2014)

5. Post harvest losses in Asia pacific region
S. No Country Estimated losses (%)
1. India 40
2. Indonesia 20-50
3. Iran 35
4. Korea 20-50
5. Philippines 27-42
6. Sri Lanka 16-41
7. Thailand 17-35
8. Vietnam 20-35
Note: wastage to this extent leads to negative impacts like
decreased food security, country’s economy and increased
farmer’s instability & thus suicide.
Ref.: FAO, 2014

6. Losses at various post harvest steps

7. Percentage of losses estimated for major
produces in India
Ref.: Ministry of food processing industries, 2017

8. Possible reasons of losses
Losses,
But
why??
Less usage
of farm
equipments
Farmer
poverty
Irresponsibility
Non awareness
Unavailability
of new
techniques
ill-knowledge
Natural
causes

9. What could be done??
• The need of agricultural mechanization must be assessed with
a deeper understanding of small farmer’s activities and
conditions.
• Modern agri-techniques and equipments are not used by
small land farmers because of their high cost.
• By adopting inexpensive scientific farming equipments, we
can get more product recovery reaching last point of food
chain and prevent farmer from losing their crop and going
bankrupt due to lack of investment for utilizing expensive and
modern equipments.

10. Post harvest processing at farm level
• Threshing, cleaning, assembling, pre cooling, grading etc. for
grains and non perishables.
• Pre cooling, washing, cleaning, grading, waxing, etc. for fruits
and vegetables
• Packaging (grading and packing line)
• Value addition if any at field level
• Storage (controlled atmospheric storages, cold storage, silos
for food grains, etc.)

11. “LOW COST FARM PROCESSING EQUIPMENTS”
Broad
classification Threshing and drying equipments
Cleaning and grading equipments
Equipments for fruits and vegetables
Shelling, dehulling, peeling equipments
Milling equipments
Energy gadgets
Others

12. Examples
• Threshing and drying equipments are grain winnower, manual
double screen cleaner, pedal cum power operated grain cleaner,
groundnut decorticator, cardamom garbling unit, etc
• Cleaning and grading equipments include spiral seed grader, grain
flour separator, paddy winnower, groundnut grader, rotary sieve
multi crop cleaner cum grader, seed cleaner cum grader, etc.
• Equipments for fruits and vegetables are horticultural produce
washing machine, solar dryer, aonla pricking machine, solar tunnel
dryer, garlic peeling machine, aloe vera gel extractor, etc.
• Milling equipments are dal mill, dal mill cum wet grinder,
multipurpose grain mill etc.
• Energy gadgets include double reflector type solar cooker, multi-
fuel stove etc.
• Others: household paddy parboiling unit, seed treatment drum,
wheel barrow etc.

13. Grain winnower
About:
Capacity: 500-700 (kg/h)
Power required: 1 hp electronic
motor
Cost of the unit: 30,000
Cost of operation: 25/h
Developed by: TNAU, coimbatore
Pedal cum power operated
grain cleaner
About:
Capacity: 330-800 (kg/h)
Power required: manual/0.5 hp electronic
motor
Cost of the unit: 15,000
Cost of operation: 7.5/quintal
Developed by: CIAE, Bhopal

14. Manual double screen cleaner Manual single screen cleaner
About:
Capacity: 150-225 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 6000
Cost of operation: Rs. 5.30/q
Developed by: CIAE, Bhopal
About:
Capacity: 150-225 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 5700
Cost of operation: Rs. 5.30/q
Developed by: CIAE, Bhopal

15. Pedal operated paddy thresher
About:
Capacity: 35 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 5500
Cost of operation: --
Developed by: CIAE, Bhopal
Cardamom garbling unit
About:
Capacity: 100 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 4000
Cost of operation: Rs. 150/quintal
Developed by: TNAU, Coimbatore

16. Groundnut decorticator
About:
This equipment can be of sitting type or
standing type and depending upon
choice of usage, handle length, cost and
efficiency will vary. (Developed by: CIAE,
Bhopal)
Sitting type:
Capacity: 30kg/h
Power required: Manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 2400
Cost of operation: Rs. 4.5/kg
Handle length: short
Standing type:
Capacity: 35kg/h
Power required: Manual
Cost of unit: Rs. 3500
Cost of operation: Rs. 4.5/kg
Handle length: long

17. Spiral seed grader
About:
Capacity: 250 (kg/h)
Power required: automatic+
manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 5000
Developed by: TNAU
Grain flour separator
About:
Capacity: 80-120 (kg/h)
Power required: 1hp motor
Cost of the unit: Rs. 19000
Developed by: TNAU, Coimbatore

18. Groundnut in shell grader
About:
Capacity: 100-150 (kg/h)
Power required: 1 hp motor
Cost of the unit: Rs. 15000
Mesh slot sizes: 1) 16mmX50mm
2) 13mmX50MM
Developed by: National Centre for
Farm Mechanization, Nigeria
Horticultural produce washing
machine
About:
Capacity: 1-6 q/h
Power required: 1ph motor
Cost of the unit: Rs. 25000-50000
Cost of operation: Rs. 1-10 Rs/q
Developed by: CIPHET, Ludhiana

19. Aonla pricking machine
About:
Capacity: 3-5 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 550
Developed by: CIPHET, Ludhiana
and HAU, Haryana
Note: research for mechanical
pricking machines has recently
started.
Sugarcane stripper
About:
Capacity: 45 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 220-300
Developed by: OUAT, Bhubaneswar

20. Dry garlic peeling machine
About:
Capacity: 200 q/h
Power required: 1hp motor
Cost of the unit: Rs. 17000
Cost of operation: Rs. 53/q
Developed by: MPUAT, Udaipur
Scrubber speed: 160 rpm
Aspirator speed: 1440 rpm

21. Pedal operated potato chipser
About:
Capacity: 188 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit: Rs. 7000
Cost of operation: --
Developed by: CIAE, Bhopal
Pedal operated potato peeler
About:
Capacity: 170 (kg/h)
Power required: manual
Cost of the unit:
Cost of operation: 25/h
Developed by: TNAU, coimbatore

22. Role of JNKVV in helping farmers to boost economy
• With an approach to narrow down the gap between experts &
scientists with farmers, JNKVV organizes several workshops,
training programmes.
• We recently witnessed “KRISHI MELA” which included
participation from various farmer friendly brands where farmers
were benefitted with diversified knowledge under one roof.
• With the help of capable human resource, the need based
research and its vital dissemination led to several improved
technologies like- groundnut decorticator, water chestnut
peeler, maize sheller, air aspirator, grain dressing drum etc.
• Since its establishment the university has made praiseworthy
progress and has come to the expectations of farmer
community.

23. Advantages of low cost farm processing equipments
• Timeliness of operation
• Reduced human labor
• Reduces health hazard
• Reduces drudgery(boredom)
• Increases yield
• Encourages large scale farming
• Increases output
• Reduction in cost of operation
• Improvement in quality of produce
• Reduces wastage
• Improves the economy
• Improvement in state and living of farmer

24. Constraints and challenges
• Research, development and testing of place specific farm
machinery and equipments.
• Standardization and quality control
• Education, training and popularization of equipments.

25. Conclusion
Mechanical equipments have become the major factor for
precisely and timely completion of different farm operations
thereby increasing the productivity and profit. Several studies
suggest a direct correlation between farm mechanization and
crop productivity. But due to escalating prices of imported
machines, small scale farmers weren’t able to use them, which
led the researchers to think about cheaper alternatives. Which
proved to be a boon for small scale farmers.
Usage of low cost machinery lowers the price for
consumer and increases the farmer’s income and gives rise to
economy at a micro and macro level.
“The impact of technology in unlocking value for the people”

26. References
• CIAE. 2014. Technologies developed at CIAE,
https://ciae.nic.in/WriteReadData/cms/technologies_developed
_at_ciae_and_aicrps_2014-15_and_2015.pdf
• FAO. 2014. Docs,
http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/sap/docs/Post-
harvest%20losses%20along%20value%20and%20supply%20chai
ns%20in%20the%20Pacific%20Island%20Countries.pdf
• Fashina, Adepoju & Akande, Fatai. (2015). Development and
Evaluation of a Groundnut In-Shell Grader. Agricultural Sciences.
06. 217-223. 10.4236/as.2015.62021.
• Govt. of India (2014), Agricultural statistics a glance-2014, oxford
university press, New Delhi.
http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/PDF/Agricultural-statistics-at-a-
glance2014.pdf
• Indian food industry, p1-25, vol. 37 no. 1, jan-feb 2018
magazine, AFSTI

27. • Inventory on women friendly tools, zonal project directorate,
zone VII, ICAR, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.)
• MOFPI. 2017. reports,
https://www.mofpi.nic.in›documents›reports›other-reports
• MPUAT. 2012. engineering and technology,
https://www.mpuat.ac.in/images/editorFiles/file/signficant_ac
hievements/3.pdf
• TNAU. 2016. Agricultural engineering,
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agricultural_engineering/agriengg_a
pe_threshing_blackpepper_mech.html

28. Thank You
For your attention