2.  Notation is a system of signs by means of
which music is written down.
 Serves mainly to indicate two properties of
tone which ate pitch and duration.
 Notation of pitch

3.  is a letter sign placed on the staff in order
to indicate the pitch of the notes.
 The clef signs used in musical notations
are the G clef, C clef, and F clef.
 For ordinary purposes the notes are
arranged on two staffs. The C at the
beginning is located between the two
staffs.

4. F or Bass Clef
G or Treble clef

5. One has to know not only where a
note is but also how long a time it is
held.
Duration of silence between notes is
indicated by rest.
Every kind of note has a
corresponding kind of rest to indicate
that nothing shall be sounded.

7.  Sometimes note values are divided by
three’s of two’s.
 Indicated by the sign 3.

8.  Is a series of regular pulses, as in the
ticking of a clock.
 If we are to think of them as being grouped
in two’s, three’s, or fours, we are in this
way measuring the pulses.
 This indicated the time signatures which
show the number of beats to a measure.
 Measures are indicated by means of
vertical lines or bars down through the
staff

10. The time signature of a
composition appears on the staff
or staffs at the beginning of the
score.
It consists of two numbers:
 The upper number indicates the
number of beats to a measure.
 The lower number indicates the kind
of note that will receive one beat.

11.  Above a note gives extra stress to the note
it accompanies.
 It means play the note louder.

12.  Indicates a gradual increase in loudness.
 Also called Diminuendo mark, gradually
decreases the loudness.

13. Means the holding of a note or chord
longer than its normal value.

14. A curved line above or below or more
notes.
Connected, no silence between
notes.

15.  The group of flats or sharps appearing at
the beginning of a piece.
 Each sharp or flat, appearing on the line of
the staff, means that the tone is to be
raised or lowered by a half tone throughout
the entire composition unless it is
temporarily cancelled for duration of the
measure by the use of a natural sign
appearing immediately before a note.

16. Every key signature may indicate
either a major or a minor key.
A chart of key signatures and the
keys, major or minor, can be seen in
the appendix.

17. Music is an art whose basic material is
sound.
Musical sounds have no meanings beyond
themselves and therefore may be said to
deal with pure sound.
The performers who make it possible for
the listener to hear or understand the
composition.

18. It is a sound produced by
regular vibrations of air.

19. Pitch
 Refer s to the highness or lowness of tonal
sounds.
Duration
 Is determined by the length of time the
vibration is sustained.

20. Intensity of volume
Tone may vary in their degree of
loudness and softness.
The fundamental to musical rhythm
and it provides the basis for a
separate musical element.
Timbre
 Enables one to distinguish one
sound from another, one instrument
from another

22.  In western music, pitch spectrum is limited
to a total 12 different pitches.
Scale
 Is a series of consecutive tones
Tonality
 Element for a music into which one should
have a clear insight for a better
understanding of it.

23. Rhythm
 Considered the most basic element.
Meter
 It is a way of measuring durations on
fixed regular pattern, so that the
listener becomes aware of a basic
pulse or beat.

24. Tempo
 Italian word which means time.
Speed
Allegro – fast
Vivace - lively
Moderato- moderate
Andante- moderate slow
Adagio- slower than andante
Lento – slow
Largo- very slow

25. Melody
Make the most direct appeal.
Consists of a series of pitches and
durations.

26. Dimension
 Length and range.
 Many melodies are neither extremely short
nor usually long.
 The length of the melody is relative to the
number of measure which composes it.
 The range of the melody is the pitch distance
from its lowest to its highest tone.
Register
 The relative highness or lowness of the
aggregate tones of a melody.

27. Direction
Upwards and downwards.
Melody may moves rapidly or
gradually, ascending or descending.
Progression
 Refers to the intervals between the tones
as a melody moves from one tone to the
next.

28.  Melody is the element of music that arouses interest.
 It is what listener can easily identify.
 It is the musical idea around which a composition is
constructed.
 This melodic idea or basic tune of the composition is
called theme.
 The theme is of paramount importance to composition,
and it provides one of the most important approaches
to intelligent listening.
 The ability to recognize one or more themes, when the
recur in a composition, is clear indication that you are
moving toward full appreciation.

29.  Simultaneous sounding of two or more
tones.
Chord
 - is two or more notes or tones sounded at
the same time and conceived as entity.
Triad- the most common chord in our music
is a certain combination of three tones.

31. - Chords not only are constructed
in a variety ways, but also
progress from one to another
according to many different
plans.
- The scheme by which chords
change.

32. Consonance – certain combinations
of tones produce a quality of repose
or relaxation.
Dissonance – certain other
combinations of tones produce a
quality of unrest or tension.

33. Polytonality
- Music which two or more keys are
combines simultaneously in a single
composition,.
- Is used to bring out the different
levels or planes of the harmony.
Multitonality
- Displaced tonality.
Atonal
-It is music that rejects the framework of key.

34.  The volume or loudness of the music
 This may refer to contrast among
sections of a piece, the mix within a
piece, or the overall presentation

35.  Forte- loud
 Piano- soft
 Fortissimo- very loud
 Pianissimo- very soft
 Mezzo forte- moderately loud
 Mezzo piano- moderately soft

36. To the direction of dynamics:
 Crescendo- becoming louder
 Diminuendo- becoming soft
 Sudden stress-
sforzando(accent on a single
note or chord).

37. The number of terms embraces both tempo
and dynamics:
 Andante- fairly slow and majestic
- Implies a stately pace and full sonority
 Morendo- dying away indicates that the
music is to become slower and softer.
 Scherzando- playful
- Requires a light tone and brisk movement.
 Conbrio- (with vigor) suggests an energetic
pace and vibrant sonority.

38. Tempo
- Refers to the rate of speed, the
pace of the music.
- It determines the speed of the
beats in the measure, their
duration in actual time.

39. Most frequently encountered are the following:
Very slow: Largo (broad)
Grave (solemn)
Slow: Lento
Adagio (gently, leisurely, slowly)
Moderate: Andante (going at a walking pace)
Andantino (a little andante, somewhat faster than
andante)
Moderato (moderate speed)
Fairly fast: Allegretto (a little lively- not as fast as allegro)
Fast: Allegro (happy, cheerful, lively)Very fast: Allegro multo
(very lively)
Vivace (vivacious, lively)
Presto (very quick)
Prestissimo (as quick as possible)

40. Accelerando- gradual increase
of speed.
Ritardando- gradual decrease.

41. Timbre: The characteristics of the sound itself
We often use terms from the visual arts to describe musical timbre
Timbres often hold strong associations in our minds

42.  The sound of solo or section
instruments is also an aspect of timbre
 Certain composers were so good at
creating and combining tone colors, we
say their “instrument” was the orchestra

43.  Refers to the melodic and harmonic
relationship of musical factors.
The consistency of musical sounds

44.  Monophonic texture means only one
line of music sounding alone
 Homophonic means one line leads
and the others support it
 Multiple independent lines happening
together is called polyphonic texture

45. Nonmelodic texture
 Is created for special effects in which
harmonic sounds obscure or partly
exclude the melodic content of a
composition.
 Occurs in contemporary and modern
music.

46. Sonority
Is an attribute of texture which is based
more on harmonic than melodic
consideration.
Refer to the quality of richness or thinness of
texture.

47. Determined by:
Number of parts
 Refers to the number of voices involved.
Spacing of tones
 Refers to the musical intervals between
parts,.
Register tones
 Refers to whether the tones are high,
medium, or slow
Timbre
 Refers to the tone quality or qualities of the
mediums which will play the music.

48. Thank
you!!!!
Jalyn C. Refugio
BSE2 MATH