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IMPM_網路留學Blog
1. "The IMPM is about doing a better job,
not just getting a better job."
國際實踐管理碩士(IMPM)是一個管理發展的碩士學位項目，世界著
名的管理思想家亨利.明茨伯格教授是創辦人之一，他還是《管理
者而非 MBA》一書的作者。IMPM 不同於其它任何一門管理課程的地
方是它專為有工作經驗的經理人設置的，他們不僅希望獲得更好的
工作，更希望把工作做得更好。
圖由上而下，由左而右介紹
授課教授：李元德 博士
1~2. Lancaster University 校內景觀與建築物；
3~4. McGill University 校內景觀和建築物；
學生：馮冠銘
5~6. Renmin University of China 校內景觀與建築物.
2. 目錄
一、 個人基本資料………………………………………1
二、 網路留學分享 (三所大學、三個城市、三種心態)
I、 加拿大麥基爾大學……………………………3
蒙特婁…………………………………………5
分析的心態……………………………………7
The Visible Hand：The Managerial Revolution in American Business
II、 英國蘭卡斯特大學……………………………9
蘭卡斯特………………………………………11 The role of large-scale business enterprise--big business and its
反思的心態……………………………………13 managers--during the formative years of modern capitalism (from the
1850s until the 1920s is delineated in this pathmarking book. Alfred
III、 中國人民大學…………………………………15 Chandler, Jr., the distinguished business historian, sets forth the
北京……………………………………………17 reasons for the dominance of big business in American transportation,
合作的心態……………………………………19 communications, and the central sectors of production and distribution.
三、課外閱讀心得 The managerial revolution, presented here with force and conviction, is
the story of how the visible hand of management replaced what Adam Smith
I、 來上一堂破壞課─創新大師克里斯汀生的教育新解 called the invisible hand of market forces. Chandler shows that the
…………………………………………………21 fundamental shift toward managers running large enterprises exerted a
II、 科學在行動：怎樣在社會中跟隨科學家和工程師 far greater influence in determining size and concentration in American
…………………………………………………24 industry than other factors so often cited as critical: the quality of
III、 看得見的手—美國企業的管理革命 entrepreneurship, the availability of capital, or public policy.
…………………………………………………27
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3. INDEX
一、Self – Introduction…………………………………..1
二、Network Study Tour experience
I、McGill University…………………………………..……3
Montreal………………………………………………….5
The Analytic Mindset……………………………………7
II、Lancaster University……………………………………9
Lancaster………………………………………….…….11
The Reflective Mindset…………………………………13
看得見的手—美國企業的管理革命
III、Renmin University of China…………………………...15
Beijing…………………………………………………..17
艾爾弗雷德·D·錢德勒（Alfred D.Chandler,Jr.）
The Collaborative Mindset……………………………19
三、Extracurricular reading experience
錢德勒在 1977 年出版了《看得見的手—美國企業的管理革命》(The Visible
Hand：The Managerial Revolution in American Business)，主要討論美國企
I、 Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will
業發展過程中出現的管理革命。在這部著作中，錢德勒明確表示，這本書所討
論的主題就是“現代工商企業在協調經濟活動和分配資源方面已取代了亞當- Change the Way the World Learns………………..21
斯密的所謂市場力量的無形的手。市場依舊是對商品和服務的需求的創造者，
II、 Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and
然而現代工商企業已接管了協調流經現有生產和分配過程的產品流量的功能，
以及為未來的生產和分配分派資金和人員的功能。由於獲得了原先為市場所執 Engineers through Society………………………...24
行的功能，現代工商企業已成為美國經濟中最強大的機構，經理人員則已成為
III、The Visible Hand：The Managerial Revolution in
最有影響力的經濟決策者集團。”
American Business…………………………………27
27
4. Science and technology have immense authority and influence in our
基本資料 society, yet their working remains little understood. The conventional
perception of science in Western societies has been modified in recent
years by the work of philosophers, sociologists and historians of science.
In this book Bruno Latour brings together these different approaches to
provide a lively and challenging analysis of science, demonstrating how
social context and technical content are both essential to a proper
understanding of scientific activity. Emphasizing that science can only
be understood through its practice, the author examines science and
個人資料：馮冠銘 / Miller / 男 technology in action: the role of scientific literature, the activities
of laboratories, the institutional context of science in the modern world,
生日：民國 77 年 12 月 25 日 and the means by which inventions and discoveries become accepted. From
the study of scientific practice he develops an analysis of science as
家鄉：台灣 , 高雄市 the building of networks. Throughout, Bruno Latour shows how a lively
and realistic picture of science in action alters our conception of not
學歷：長榮大學_經營管理研究所_行銷組_碩士 only the natural sciences but also the social sciences and the sociology
of knowledge in general.
長榮大學_科技工程與管理學系_學士
This stimulating book, drawing on a
wealth of examples from a wide range of
語言：中文、英文、台語
scientific activities, will interest all
philosophers, sociologists and
經歷：安親班/補習班 行政助理、教學助教
historians of science, scientists and
engineers, and students of the
E-mail：ly055217xyz@yahoo.com.tw philosophy of social science and the
sociology of knowledge.
聯絡電話：0988-133234
26
1
5. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Basic information
through Society
Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society
(ISBN 0-674-79291-2) is an influential book by Bruno Latour. The English
Personal Information ：Kuan-Ming Feng /
edition was published in 1987 by Harvard University Press. It is written
Miller / Male
in a text-book style, and contains a full featured approach to the
empirical study of science and technology. Moreover, it also entertains
ontological conceptions and theoretical discussions making it a research Date of Birth：12 / 25 / 1988
monograph and not a methodological handbook per se.
Place of Birth：Kaohsiung , Taiwan
In the first chapter Latour develops the methodological dictum that
science and technology must be studied "in action", or "in the making". Degree Graduate school of Business and Operations Management ，
：
Because scientific discoveries turn esoteric and difficult to understand, Chang Jung Christian University
it has to be studied where discoveries are made in practice. For example Department of Engineering and Management Advanced
Latour turns back time in the case of the discovery of the "double helix". Technology，Chang Jung Christian University
Going back in time, deconstructing statements, machines and articles,
it is possible to arrive at a point where scientific discovery could have
Language proficiency：Chinese、English、Taiwanese
chosen to take many other directions (contingency). Also the concept of
"black box" is introduced. A black box is a metaphor borrowed from
Work experience：Daycare/CLASS Teaching assistant
E-mail：ly055217xyz@yahoo.com.tw
cybernetics denoting a piece of machinery that "runs by itself". That
is, when a series of instructions are too complicated to be repeated all
the time, a black box is drawn around it, allowing it to function only
by giving it "input" and "output" data. For example a CPU inside a
computer is a black box. Its inner complexity doesn't have to be known; Contact telephone：0988-133234
one only needs to use it in his/her daily activities. 2
25
7. Now, in his long-awaited new book, Clayton M. Christensen and coauthors Michael
B. Horn and Curtis W. Johnson take one of the most important issues of our
time-education-and apply Christensen's now-famous theories of “disruptive” change
using a wide range of real-life examples. Whether you're a school administrator,
government official, business leader, parent, teacher, or entrepreneur, you'll discover
surprising new ideas, outside-the-box strategies, and straight-A success stories.
You'll learn how
＊Customized learning will help many more students succeed in school
Student-centric classrooms will increase the demand for new technology
＊Computers must be disruptively deployed to every student
＊Disruptive innovation can circumvent roadblocks that have prevented other
McGill University
attempts at school reform
＊We can compete in the global classroom-and get ahead in the global market McGill University is a public research university located in
Montreal, Quebec, Canada. McGill University is one of
world's most prestigious universities. The university bears
the name of James McGill, a prominent Montreal
merchant from Glasgow, Scotland and alumnus of
Glasgow University, whose bequest formed the beginning
of the university. Founded in 1821, McGill was chartered during the British colonial
era, 46 years before the Canadian Confederation, making it one of the oldest
universities in Canada.
As of 2011, McGill ranked 1st in Canada and 17th in the world in the QS World
University Rankings. According to the 2011 Emerging/Trendence global
employability ranking, McGill was ranked 19th in the world for popularity among
major employers. In the Maclean's 21st Annual University Ranking (2011), McGill
was ranked 1st in Canada among all institutions offering medical and doctoral
degrees, maintaining this ranking for the seventh year in a row.
23 4
8. Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will
Change the Way the World Learns
A crash course in the business of learning-from the bestselling author of The
Innovator's Dilemma and The Innovator's Solution…
"Provocatively titled, Disrupting Class is just what America's K-12 education system
needs--a well thought-through proposal for using technology to better serve students
and bring our schools into the 21st Century. Unlike so many education 'reforms,' this
is not small-bore stuff. For that reason alone, it's likely to be resisted by defenders of
the status quo, even though it's necessary and right for our kids.
蒙特婁市
蒙特婁，位於魁北克省南部，人口約 372 萬，是加拿大第二大城市。主要使用 We owe it to them to make sure this book isn't merely a terrific read; it must become
法語，在法語世界裡的地位是僅次於巴黎的第二大城市，也有「小巴黎」的美 a blueprint for educational transformation."
稱。 --Joel Klein, Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education
蒙特婁位於聖勞倫斯谷地，是世界上最處於內陸的海港（也是河港）
。距離國都
渥太華以東約 190 公里；距魁北克首府魁北克市約 190 公里；位於多倫多東北 “A brilliant teacher, Christensen brings clarity to a muddled and chaotic world of
539 公里，紐約市以北 610 公里。全城坐落於聖勞倫斯河與渥太華河匯流處的 education.”
蒙特婁島上；蒙特婁因其市中心矚目的皇家山（Mont Royal）而得名（古法語： --Jim Collins, bestselling author of Good to Great
Mont Réal，Réal 即皇家，Mont 即山）。
蒙特婁在幾個氣候區的交際處，因此天氣變化多樣。 According to recent studies in neuroscience, the way we learn doesn't always match
降水豐富，平均每年冬天降雪量為 2.14 米，高於莫斯科。平均年降雨量為 897 up with the way we are taught. If we hope to stay competitive-academically,
毫米。每年政府要耗費五千萬加元清掃積雪。夏天最潮濕，但人們能盡情地享 economically, and technologically-we need to rethink our understanding of
受一年裡最多的陽光。 intelligence, reevaluate our educational system, and reinvigorate our commitment to
一月是一年最冷的時候，平均日溫−10.4 °C，平均每日最低溫度到−14.9 °C。 learning. In other words, we need “disruptive innovation.”
由於冬天常有風，體感溫度比實際溫度還要低得多，因此當地氣象預報常把風
力降溫的因素考慮在內。
5 22
9. City of Montreal
Montreal (i/ˌmʌntriːˈɒl/; French: Montréal; pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal] ( listen)) is a city in
Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in
Canada and the fifteenth largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or
《來上一堂破壞課──創新大師克里斯汀生的教育新解》
"City of Mary", the city takes its present name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked
克雷頓．克里斯汀生（Clayton M. Christensen）
、 hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in Middle French
麥可．宏恩（Michael B. Horn）
、克帝斯．強森（Curtis W. Johnson） (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which
took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral
islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.
本書宗旨是要找出根本病因，說明為什麼學校無法進步。作者在這個基礎下， In 2010, Montreal was named a hub city, ranked 34th globally out of 289 cities for
提出一套建議解決這些問題。這些解決方案是前所未有的。大多數有關改善學 innovation across multiple sectors of the urban economy, in the Innovation Cities
校的著作，都是研究學校的需要而提出的結論。但《來上一堂破壞課》不一樣， Index by[clarification needed] 2thinknow.[24] Montreal was the next Canadian city
本書的學術領域是創新。作者研究、寫作本書的方法，並非立基於公立教育， in the annual index behind nexus city Toronto in 12th
而是根源於創新研究，就像一套濾鏡一樣，從不同角度來檢驗這一行的問題。 place and ahead of fellow hub cities Calgary, Quebec
這些濾鏡有能力照亮不同領域的複雜問題，並已獲得印證，包括國防、半導體、 City, Vancouver and Edmonton.[25] In 2009, Montreal
醫療照護、零售業、汽車業、金融服務業、電信業等各領域。希望《來上一堂 was named North America's number one host city for
破壞課》對公立教育問題的創新做法，也可以為這個領域帶來創新的見解。 international association events, according to the 2009
preliminary rankings of the International Congress and
21 Convention Association (ICCA).
6
10. The Collaborative Mindset
The Chinese module explores collaboration and cooperation – between
individuals and their teams, within and
between organizations.
Participants explore a uniquely Chinese
perspective on collaboration in the
world of business and management,
drawing on the ancient process of Guanxi
to understand the importance of Harmony
麥吉爾大學_分析的心態 and Balance.
我們遇到類似深入分析的例子，發生在我們的學員身上。他們經常被迫通過表
面地分析作出顯而易見的決定，。如關閉工廠、加速進展緩慢的專案等。 在參 Through field trips to the extreme contrasts of cutting edge
加過我們第二個模組—分析的心態之後，他們回到自己的崗位上，往往能夠對 international companies and World Heritage historical sites,
事情進行更深入的探究。他們對其他人的分析進行再分析：瞭解這些分析者的 participants come to understand the local practices of management and
背景、所使用的資料和假設。通過這樣的分析，這些管理者能夠挖掘出以往分 find that the entire experience forces them to reflect on their own and
析所忽略的資訊、發現了所用技術的局限。 最重要的是，他們發現了自己思維 their company’s approach to collaboration.
中的偏見。 這樣做的結果使他們看待事物的角度不同了。 這些管理者變得能
夠鼓勵他人去改變行動路徑，説明解決問題。 這是分析還是反思呢？這是反思 Some of the key topics discussed during this module are: Guanxi and
性分析。 management practice in China; a strategic rationale for collaboration;
the role of trust in joint ventures and alliances; collaboration among
今天很多管理者面臨的問題是，就像商學院教他們的一樣，不是缺少分析而是 global companies; networks and collaboration; collaboration between
過度分析 — 至少存在太多的常規性分析 這被一個在金融界很流行的隱喻所
。 companies and government in China.
證明，一個網球運動員過分關注分數器的時候卻錯過對手擊過來的球（和行銷
人員密切研究人群時卻丟掉了銷量如出一轍） 分析心態的竅門在於關注分數和
。 20
人群的同時牢牢盯住自己的球。
7
11. The Analytic Mindset
McGill University in Montreal hosts
the second module, where
participants break from conventional
analysis through creative workshops.
However, time is also spent in this
module to ensure participants have a
common basic knowledge of key
fundamentals in marketing, finance,
accounting and IT.
中國人民大學_合作的心態 Here, participants look at different perspectives on the nature and
幾乎不用說，管理就是要與人一起工作，不僅僅是上級和下屬的關係。更重要 practice of analysis and how it is commonly applied in organizations and
的是，還有同事和夥伴的關係。但是，儘管在西方有許多和合作有關的說法， 但 decision-making. They explore the power of analysis to clarify and
我們通常持狹隘的視角。由於經濟學理論的影響，我們把人看作是獨立的行動 simplify problems, as well as its limitations.
者，可拆分的人力“資源”，可移動、買賣、合併或者縮減的“資產”。但這 Paralysis by analysis is also probed – a phenomenon whereby managers
並不是合作的思維方法。 over-analyze a problem rather than have the courage to make a decision.
事實上，當我們的日本同事説明設計第四個模組的時候，我們自己關於合作心 Then, towards the end of the module, they look at organizations in general
態的定義有了變化。該模組曾被稱作“管理員工”。日本同事指出真正的合作 from various points of view including organizational structure,
心態並不是管理人，而是管理人與人之間的關係。真正的合作心態意味著超越 complexity theory, the role of politics in management and product
授權—所謂最瞭解工作的人一定要得到管理者的指派才去做這項工作，才會付 innovation.
出承諾。 這就意味著我們不再依賴目前更為普遍的英雄式的管理方式，而是要 In this module, participants go on field studies to North American
轉變為參與式的管理方式。 companies, which in the past have included Alcan Inc., VIA Rail and CGI,
合作的心態意味著你要身在其中，投入在關係裡，並且在過程中進行管理。除 to examine and comment on their analytical and decision-making processes.
此以外，它還有一個更為深刻的意義：將管理置於管理者之外，將管理責任進 Their perspectives are also challenged with a visit to a Montreal museum
行分解，讓其流向那些主動承擔責任並能整合資源的人。 that houses paintings of the same subject by 220 different artists.
19 8
12. 蘭卡斯特大學（Lancaster University，創建時名為 University of Lancaster），
City of Beijing
是一所坐落在英國蘭卡斯特市郊的學院制大學。該校擁有全英國最優秀的環境
科學系以及享譽國際的蘭卡斯特大學管理學院（LUMS）
。學校的物理系在低溫物 Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京;
理方面的研究也是國際領先。另外，社會學系方面的教學和研究也非常出色。 pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ� t͡ɕiŋ˥]),
Lancaster University (蘭卡斯特大學)是全 formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪ
英國以研究排名前十名的大學，而且教學方面 ŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the
也一直位居高評價之列。在此的校園生活安全 People's Republic of China and one of
活潑且親切友善，同學也可以輕鬆享有如大都 the most populous cities in the world,
市般的社交生活。這裡的交通非常方便，若想 with a population of 19,612,368 as of
要暢遊英國也不會是件難事，而且離此學校不 2010. The metropolis, located in
遠便是世界知名的湖泊區-英國湖區 (Lake northern China, is governed as a
District)。 direct-controlled municipality under
蘭卡斯特大學的文科及社會科學學院、科技學院和管理學院的各項研究工作總 the national government, with 14 urban
體排名於英國大學的第八位；在社會科學領域排名世界前百強；學校的管理學 and suburban districts and two rural
院是英國唯一的兩所六星級管理學院之一；學校在環境科學、信息技術、數學 counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the
與統計、物理學、心理學等領域擁有世界級的研究中心；在英國大學的學生滿 exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
意度調查中，蘭卡斯特大學名列第六位；學校絕大多數科系在研究質量評估中
獲得了 5 分的好成績。學校在低溫物理方面的研究處於國際領先地位。
9 18
13. 北京市
北京市，簡稱「京」，舊稱「燕京」「北平」
、 ，是中華人民共和國的首都、直轄
Lancaster University
市和國家中心城市，是中華人民共和國的政治、文化和國際交流中心，同時是 Lancaster University, officially The University
中國經濟金融的決策和管理中心。中國「四大古都」之一，擁有 6 項世界遺產， of Lancaster, is a research-intensive British
是世界上擁有文化遺產項目數最多的城市，具有一定的國際影響力，也是世界 university in Lancaster, Lancashire, England.
上最大的城市之一。 The university was established by Royal
北京市位於華北平原的西北邊緣 背靠燕山，
， Charter in 1964 and initially based in St
有永定河流經老城西南，毗鄰天津市、河北 Leonard's Gate until moving to a purpose-built
省，是一座有三千餘年歷史、八百五十餘年 300 acre campus at Bailrigg in 1968. Lancaster
建都史的歷史文化名城 歷史上有四個朝代
， expanded rapidly and now has the 11th highest
在此定都，以及數個政權建政於此，薈萃了 research quality in the UK and is the 16th highest ranking research institution
自元明清以來的中華文化 擁有眾多歷史名
， according to the latest Research Assessment Exercise. The university has an annual
勝古迹和人文景觀。 income of £177 million, 3,025 staff and 12,695 students.
在旅遊方面，有 2 處是國家重點風景名 Lancaster is a collegiate university, with its main functions divided between four
勝區、1 座國家歷史文化名城、1 座中國歷史文化名村、99 處全國重點 central faculties and nine colleges. The faculties perform research and provide
文物保護單位（含長城和京杭大運河的北京段） 、326 處市級文物保護單 centralised lectures to students; colleges are responsible for the domestic
位。 arrangements and welfare of undergraduates, graduates, post-doctoral researchers
17 and some university staff.
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14. Renmin University of China; RUC, also known as People's
University of China (simplified Chinese: 中国人民大学;
蘭卡斯特市 traditional Chinese: 中國人民大學; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín
Dàxué), colloquially Renda (Chinese: 人大; pinyin: Réndà), is a
蘭卡斯特是一座忙碌、友好、具有其獨特魅力和悠久歷史 major research university in Haidian District, Beijing, China. Its
的城市；蘭卡斯特古城、蘭卡斯特博物館、威廉姆斯廣場、 campus neighbors those of Peking University and Tsinghua University.
摩爾凱布海灣廣場等古跡都見證了城市的歷史，這裡的湖 Renmin University is one of the most prestigious universities in China, with a
區是倫敦之外的英國主要旅遊中心，每年都吸引大批的遊 distinct focus on humanities and social sciences. Renmin University has produced
人來此參觀。蘭卡斯特市交通網絡成熟發達，在這裡乘坐 many influential figures in China's reform and development, and is home to many
火車到達英國各大城市皆十分方便，到在首都倫敦也僅需 outstanding scholars in law, economics, journalism and other fields. As measured by
要三個小時；從這裡驅車前往曼徹斯特國際機場也只需要一個多小時的時間。 admission scores of China's National Higher Education Entrance Examination,
蘭卡斯特是一座充滿活力的大學城 有 15,000 多名學生在這一地區學習。
， Renmin University has consistently ranked among the top three most selective
酒吧、咖啡館、電影院、夜總會、餐館和酒館林立，您可以從特色小店、珠寶 Chinese universities in the liberal arts and social science division.
店、室內市場和街邊的商店買到任何所需的東西。
蘭卡斯特常年舉辦各種文化活動。公爵劇院既是電影院又是劇院，夏季在威廉 The High School Affiliated to Renmin University
森公園附近經常舉行戶外演出。這裡舉辦每年一度的文學節，展出著名作家的 of China is one of the most prestigious high
劇本和詩作。 schools in Beijing, and a sister school of Phillips
運河穿城而過，兩岸遍佈旅館和飯店。在這裡您還可以觀賞船隻並租賃平底船 Academy in Massachusetts and Phillips Exeter
在河面暢遊。 Academy in New Hampshire.
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15. City of Lancaster
中國人民大學（英語：Renmin University of China ，以前也曾非正式使用 The
People's University of China）簡稱：人民大學、人大，是由教育部直屬的 Lancaster City has it all – a fantastic art
一所著名的中央部屬副部級大學。在人文社會學科中排名名列前茅。其前身是 community with over 90 art venues, shopping
中國共產黨在抗日戰爭時期創辦於延安的陝北公學，後歷經華北聯合大學、北 and dining at over 300 establishments, historic
方大學、華北大學等時期，最終於 1950 年定址於北京，成為中華人民共和國建 architecture, and great cultural and entertainment
國後建立的第一所綜合性國立大學。長期以來，該學府以「國民表率，社會棟 attractions. There is something for everyone in
樑」為學校培養學生的目標，為中國培養了 Lancaster.
大量領袖人才和社會精英。其校園鄰近北京 The Mayor's Office of Special Events creates events that bring people together not
大學和清華大學。 just to enjoy the event but to enjoy one another, to meet new people and to have a
great experience in the City.
人民大學是中國最負盛名的大學之一，具有 There are many organizations that host other great events like First Fridays,
獨特的人文和社會科學重點。人民大學在中 Lancaster PA Pride, Puerto Rican Parade, Art Walks and more.
國的改革和發展產生了許多有影響力的人物，是在法律，經濟，新聞等領域的
許多傑出的學者。由中國全國高等教育招生考試的錄取分數來衡量，人民大學
一直名列前三名最有選擇性的中國大學在文科和社會科學部。人大由於只有人
文社會學科，所以人大在其他對理工科有偏頗的排名榜上的排名都不高。但由
於在人文社會學科里卻得到多個第一，因此在社會影響力之"中國大學五十強"
中排名第四。
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16. The Reflective Mindset
The Reflective Mindset module serves two
purposes. Firstly, it of course focuses
on the first of the five mindsets; but
secondly it provides an introduction to
the IMPM, and establishes a reflective
approach to the whole program.
Finding themselves in a relaxed, low-key setting, participants meet
蘭卡斯特大學_反思的心態 across cultures, nations, functions, industries – and lives. They
除非管理者的意圖能夠被人理解，否則管理就是盲目的。 反思介乎於經驗和解 quickly embark on engaged and sometimes inspired explorations of ideas
釋中間，思維則將這二者聯繫在一起。 想像一下，當你正在開會的時候，有一 and experiences through a number of stimulating activities, which also
個人突然咆哮如雷。你試圖忽略或打消這一切—畢竟你聽說了，這個人家裡出 allow them to get to know each other:
了點事。 但是為什麼不用它來觀察你的行動—自己是否有尷尬、憤怒或者是挫
折感？抑或發現其他類似的感受？你自己的反應成為你自身的學習經驗 在經
。 ※site visits to gain perspective on current business problems by seeing
驗和解釋之間， 你打開了一個富有想像力的空間。這會幫助你引發很大的不 them in the light of history
同。 ※field studies and cultural audits
※discussions about managerial work, personal styles, learning
反思型管理者能夠為了向前看而向後看。成功的遠景不是空想，他們需要被描 organizations, systems, ethics, the meaning of work and the nature of
繪，從過去的經驗中不斷積累。反思型管理者對歷史報有正確的態度：不僅僅 self.
限於組織中的重大事件和困難，也針對影響組織運作的日常性的小事。 在這一
方面，前聯合國秘書長科菲.安南對聯合國有深刻的個人認識。 這一認識説明 The outcome of this module can be quite extraordinary in terms of the
他獲得將這個組織帶到不同的、更好位置上的能力。 你必須充分理解過去，這 participants’ reactions to others, new experiences and evolution of
樣你才能夠更好地利用現在，獲得更美好的未來。 self-knowledge, which is the prerequisite for all other knowledge, as
well as for better management skills.
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