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Lecture 14
- 3. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION 3 • Ohm's Law: V = I R voltage drop (volts) resistance (Ohms) current (amps) • Resistivity, and Conductivity, : --geometry-independent forms of Ohm's Law E: electric field intensity resistivity (Ohm-m) J: current density conductivity • Resistance:
- 7. CONDUCTIVITY: COMPARISON Remember that Resistivity is the inverse =1/conductivity, and is thus huge for insulators and very small for conductors. way out there Pluto’s orbital diameter 1/2 mile atom 1E+06 1E+03 1E-07 1E-20 good metal metal Semi-conductor insulator
- 8. 10 million light years (10 23 m). The distant galaxy is the Milky Way.
- 9. 1 million light years (10 22 m) The disc becomes visible.
- 10. 1 light year (10 16 m), within the Milky Way. This is our sun.
- 11. 1 trillion km (10 15 m) The sun even bigger.
- 12. 100 billion km (10 14 m) Our solar system…
- 13. 10 billion Km (10 13 m) Our solar system.
- 14. 1 billion Km (10 12 m) The orbits of Venus, Earth, Mars.
- 15. 10 million Km (10 10 m) Orbit of Earth...
- 16. 1 million Km (10 9 m) Earth and the orbit of Moon.
- 17. 100.000 Km (10 8 m) Third rock from the sun…
- 18. 10.000 Km(10 7 m) The northern hemisphere of Earth. As usual, another wonderful day in CT…
- 19. 1.000 Km (10 6 m) FLA
- 20. 10 Km (10 4 m) You start to differentiate buildings.
- 21. 1 Km (10 3 m)
- 22. 100 m (10 2 m) An ordinary view from an helicopter.
- 23. 10 m (10 1 m)
- 24. 1 m (10 0 m)
- 25. 10 cm (10 -1 m)
- 26. 1 cm (10 -2 m) You can see the structure of a leaf.
- 27. 1 mm (10 -3 m) Even closer.
- 28. 100 micron (10 -4 m) you can see the cells.
- 29. 10 micron (10 -5 m)
- 30. 1 micron (10 -6 m). The cell itself.
- 31. 1.000 angstrom (10 -7 m) You can see the chromosomes.
- 32. 100 angstrom (10 -8 m) You can see the DNA chain.
- 33. 1 nm (10 -9 m) The chromosomes.
- 34. 1 angstrom. (10 -10 m) The carbon atom.
- 35. 1 Pico metre (10 -12 m) The orbit of electrons, if we could see it....
- 36. 100 Fermi (10 -13 m) Inside an atom.
- 37. 10 Fermi (10 -14 m), protons and neutrons… Too bad we can’t see them…
- 38. EX: CONDUCTIVITY PROBLEM • Question 18.2, p. 649, Callister 6e : a) What is the minimum diameter (D) of the wire so that V < 1.5V, given that sigma=6.07*10 7 /(Ohm*m)? b) What is R? Solve to get D > 1.88 mm. With D, R can be determined: 0.59 Ohms or less. < 1.5V 2.5A 6.07 x 10 (Ohm-m) 7 -1 100m
- 41. Resistivity Components • Resistivity increases with: --temperature --wt% impurity --% deformation