General review

GENERAL REVIEW
MT EXAM 2016
®LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ GUERRERO

GENERAL OUTLINE
 Present Simple
 Present Porgressive
 Past Simple
 Past Progressive
 Present Perfect Simple
 Comparative and Superlative
 Future will
 Infinitives
 Passive Voice

PRESENT SIMPLE

WHEN TO USE IT?
 We use the present simple tense for:
• Permanent states
• Habits or actions that happend regularly
• For general truths

EXAMPLES
• Ben lives in London ( permanent states)
• We always have breakfast at eight (happens regularly)
• The Earth goes round the sun. (general truth)

AFFIRMATIVE
subject verb
I work
He/She/It works
We/You/They work

NEGATIVE
subject aux. verb verb
I don´t work
He/She/It doesn´t work.
We/You/The
y
don´t work

INTERROGATIVE
Aux. verb subject verb ?
Do I work ?
Does
He/She/I
t
work ?
Do
We/You/
They
work ?

BE CAREFUL
If the verb ends in –o // -sh // -ch, then you have to
add –es at the end of the verb.

 Play  Plays
 Dance  Dances
 Watch  Watches
 Go  Goes
 Wash  Washes

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

WHEN TO USE IT?
 We use the present simple tense for:
• Temporary states
• Action happening at the moment of speaking
• For future arrengements

EXAMPLES
• I´m taking driving lesson this month ( temporary states)
• Lucy is sleeping now (actions at the moment)
• For future arrengements (We´re flying to Acapulco tonight)

AFFIRMATIVE
subject V. Be conj verb
I am working
He/She/It is working
We/You/The
y
are working

NEGATIVE
subject
aux.
verb
NOT verb
I am not work
He/She/It is not work.
We/You/The
y
are not work

INTERROGATIVE
Am I working ?
Is
He/She/I
t
working ?
Are
We/You/
They
working ?

 Be careful when conjugating
the verbs in present
progressive!

PRESENT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
MAIN USE
• Permanent states
• Habits or regular actions
• General truths
MAIN USE
• Temporary states
• Actions happening at the moment
• Future arrengements
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
• Usually, always, often, every day, in the morning,
on Monday, once, twice, etc.
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
• Now, at the moment, today, these days, this week,
tonight, tomorrow, next week, etc.

STATIVE VERBS

THE FOLLOWING VERBS ARE NORMALLY NOT USED IN
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
 VERBS OF EMOTION
 Like, dislike, love, hate, want, need, prefer
 VERBS OF SENSES
 Feel, hear, smell, seem, appear

THE FOLLOWING VERBS ARE NORMALLY NOT USED IN
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
 OTHER VERBS
 Be, have, own, belong, cost
 VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND OPINION
 Know, mean, think, understand, remember, froget, imagine, hope, believe

PAST SIMPLE

WHEN TO USE IT?
 We use the past simple tense for:
• Actions that started and were completed at a specific
time in the past
• Habitual or repeated actions in the past
• Completed actions that happened one after the other in
the past

EXAMPLES
• We bought a house five years ago (started//completed in the past)
• I always went to bead Early when I was 5 (habits in past)
• I made a sándwich, turned on the TV and watched the match

 + VPS + COMPLEMENT
I went shopping yesterday.

2 DIFFERENT OPTIONS
Verbs
Regular Irregular
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

REGULAR VERBS
For regular verbs, we only add
“ed” at the end of the verb.
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ
Play  Played
Talk  Talked
Stay  Stayed
Jump  Jumped

EXCEPTIONS
1. Verbs ending in –e, only add a –d at the end
2. Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, add –ied
3. Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC form, double the last consonant.
4. Verbs with 2 or more syllables ending in the CVC form and with the last stressed syllable
5. Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double the –L before the –ed
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

VERBS ENDING IN –E, ONLY ADD A –D AT THE END
Dance  Danced
Agree  Agreed
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

VERBS ENDING IN A CONSONANT + -Y, ADD –IED
Try- Tried
Carry - Carried

BE CAREFUL!
Play  Played
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

VERBS WITH ONE SYLLABLE ENDING IN CVC FORM, DOUBLE THE
LAST CONSONANT.
Stop  Stopped
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ
C V C

BE CAREFUL!
IF THE VERB ENDS IN X OR W, DON´T DOUBLE THE LAST CONSONANT
FIX  FIXED
MIX  MIXED
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

VERBS WITH MORE THAN ONE SYLLABLE, YOU ONLY DOUBLE
THE CONSONANT IF IT HAS THE CVC AND IT IS STRESSED
Prefer  Preferred
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

BE CAREFUL!
Answer Answered
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

VERBS ENDING IN ONE VOWEL + -L, DOUBLE THE –L BEFORE THE –ED
Travel  Travelled
Cancel  Cancelled
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

BE CAREFUL!
Sail Sailed
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

IRREGULAR VERBS
There is no specific rule for the Irregular verbs.

IRREGULAR VERBS
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ
Irregular verbs are different from each
other, so, you need to learn one by one
the cases. 

SOME EXAMPLES
 HAVE  HAD
 GET GOT
 BUY BOUGHT
 MAKE  MADE
 COME  CAME
 EAT  ATE
 LEAVE  LEFT
 DO  DID
 GO  WENT
 SEE  SAW
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

TIME EXPRESSIONS
 Yesterday
 Last Night
 Last Day
 Last Summer
 Two days ago
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Verb in
past
Comp.

EXAMPLES
• I played soccer last week.
• Demian danced salsa yesterday.
• The kids ate broccoli last morning.
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Didn´t Comp.Verb in
simple
form

SPEAKING ACTIVITY
Talk about the things you did last weekend.
LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ
EXAMPLE
• Last weekend, I went with some friends to a
party, it was incredible. We drank some beer and
also we ate some tacos.

THE VERBS CONTEST

 he / a book / buy
 you / English and French/ teach
 the dog / bark
 they / us / call
 we / a to a party/ go / yesterday
 John / stamps / collect
 we / in London / live
 I / hungry / be
 they / a hamster / have
 he / to school / go

PAST PROGRESSIVE

WHEN TO USE IT?
 We use the past progressive tense for:
• Actions that were happening at a specific point of time
in the past
• Describe backgrounds scenes to a story

EXAMPLES
• I was watching TV at 7 o´clock yesterday evening.
• Jill was walking in the forest and it was raining.

AFFIRMATIVE
subject was//were Verb ing.
I/He/She/It was working
We/You/The
y
were working

NEGATIVE
subject was//were NOT Verb ing.
I/He/She/It was not working
We/You/The
y
were not working

INTERROGATIVE
subject was//were Verb ing. ?
Was I/He/She/It working ?
Were We/You/They working ?

PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PROGRESSIVE

 We use the past progressive and the past simple in the same sentence when
one action interrupted another in the past. We use the Past Progressive for
the longer action and the Past Simple for the shorter action. In this case, we
usually use while, when, as
 As/While I was driving, I saw a cat in the Street.
 I was sleeping when the telephone rang.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE …
 For actions which happened in the past, but we don´t mention
when exactly
 I´ve visited the National Museum, so I don´t want to go there again.
 For actions that happened in the past and their results are obvious
in the present
 Look! Herry has broken his leg!
® LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ GUERRERO

HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE?
We form it with the following rule
Have/has + verb in past participle

SUBJECT HAVE/HAS VERB IN PP
I HAVE PLAYED
YOU HAVE PLAYED
HE HAS PLAYED
SHE HAS PLAYED
IT HAS PLAYED
WE HAVE PLAYED
YOU HAVE PLAYED
THEY HAVE PLAYED

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT HAVE/HAS NOT VERB IN PP
I HAVE NOT PLAYED
YOU HAVE NOT PLAYED
HE HAS NOT PLAYED
SHE HAS NOT PLAYED
IT HAS NOT PLAYED
WE HAVE NOT PLAYED
YOU HAVE NOT PLAYED
THEY HAVE NOT PLAYED

HAVE/HAS SUBJECT VERB IN PP ?
HAVE I PLAYED ?
HAVE YOU PLAYED ?
HAS HE PLAYED ?
HAS SHE PLAYED ?
HAS IT PLAYED ?
HAVE WE PLAYED ?
HAVE YOU PLAYED ?
HAVE THEY PLAYED ?

TIME EXPRESSIONS FOR THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
 Always
 Never
 Ever
 Before
 Once
 twice

We use the comparative of adjectives
when we compare two people, animal or
things. The two basic ways to compare
are using as .. as or than

THAN
When comparing with than some changes to the
adjective are necessary, depending on the number of
syllables the adjective has

THAN
 Our car is bigger than your car.
 This computer is better than that one.
 It's much colder today than it was yesterday.

Superlatives are used when we compare one
person, animal or thing with several of the
same kind.

My car is newer than yours.
My car is the newest of the whole parking
lot!

All one-syllable and most two-syllable
adjectives taker –er / -est
Short – shorter - shortest
One-syllable adjectives ending in –e take –
r/-st
Safe – Safer – safest
One-syllable adjectives ending in the CVC
form, double the last consonant before
adding –er/-est
Big – Bigger – Biggest
Adjectives ending in consonant + -y, drop
the y and taker –ier / -iest
Easy – Easier - Easiest
Adjectives with three or more syllables and
some two-syllables adjectives take
more+adj / most+adj
Dangerous – more dangerous – most
dangerous

HOWEVER …
There are some
Irregular forms

IRREGULAR FORMS
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Good Better The best
Bad Worse The worst
Far
Farther
Further
The farthest
The furthest
Many/Much More The most

SPEAKING
Discuss with your partners who do you think is the best/worst …
 Singer
 Actor/Actress
 Musical Band
 Movie
 Book
 TV serie
 Mexican dish

EXERCISE
 My house is (big) ________________ than yours.
 This flower is (beautiful) ________________ than that one.
 This is the (interesting) ________________ book I have ever read.
 Non-smokers usually live (long) ________________ than smokers.
 Which is the (dangerous) ________________ animal in the world?
 A holiday by the sea is (good) ______________ than a holiday in the mountains.
 It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) ________________ than a beer.
 Who is the (rich) ________________ woman on earth?
 The weather this summer is even (bad) ________________ than last summer.
 He was the (clever) ________________ thief of all.

1. Joe is ______________ than Ed. (short)
2. Al is the ______________ . (short)
3. Ed is the ______________. (thin)
4. Joe is ______________ than Al. (thin)
5. Al has the ______________ clothes. (colourful)
6. Al is ______________ than Joe. (heavy)
7. Ed is the ______________ . (light)
8. Joe is ______________ than Ed. (happy)
9. Ed is the ______________ . (mysterious)
10. Joe is ______________ than Ed. (energetic)

PASSIVE VOICE

We use the passive voice to emphasise the
action rather than who or what is reponsible for
it

FORMATION
The passive voice is formed with the verb be in
the appropriate form and the past participle of
the main verb

PRESENT SIMPLE
PASSIVE VOICE

AFFIRMATIVE
subject verb
I am
called /
given
He/She/It is
We/You/The
y
are

NEGATIVE
subject v.be NOT verb
I am not
called /
given
He/She/I
t
is not
We/You/
They
are not

NEGATIVE
V. Be subject verb
Am I
called /
given
Is He/She/It
Are
We/You/The
y

PAST SIMPLE
PASSIVE VOICE

AFFIRMATIVE
subject verb
I/He/She/It was
called / given
We/You/They were

NEGATIVE
subject V.be NOT verb
I/He/She/It was not
called /
given
We/You/They were not

INTERROGATIVE
Was
I/He/She/It
called/given
?
Were We/You/They ?

Active Voice
Passive Voice
Subject
Subject
Verb
Verb
Object
Agent
Mary wrote a letter.
A letter was written by Mary

EXERCISE
 He opens the door. – The door is opened by him
 We set the table. -
 She pays a lot of money. -
 I draw a picture. -
 They wear blue shoes. -
 They don't help you. -
 He doesn't open the book. -
 You do not write the letter. -
 Does your mum pick you up? -
 Does the police officer catch the thief? -

EXERCISE
 She sang a song. – A song was sung by her.
 Somebody hit me. -
 We stopped the bus. -
 A thief stole my car. -
 They didn't let him go. -
 She didn't win the prize. -
 They didn't make their beds. -
 I did not tell them. -
 Did you tell them? -
 Did he send the letter? -

General review

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