2. Cell Theory
• All organisms are composed of cells
• all cells come from pre existing cells
• Cells are the smallest living
organisational unit
3. All Cells
• Cytoplasm is enclosed within an outer
cell membrane
• hereditary information is carried in the
form of DNA
4. Cell Organelles
• These have a cell membrane and
cytoplasm
• the cytoplasm has many organelles
• these organelles include a membrane
bound nucleus
• Organelles are similar to organs, but on
a smaller scale
6. Cell Environment
• Normal cell function depends on their
extracellular (outside the cell)
environment
• cell membranes are permeable (allow to
pass through) to water and oil soluble
substances (alcohol) and some small
molecules
• the make up of extracellular fluid is
important to the cell
7. Cell Environment
• Salt concentrations can affect the
passage of water and therefore stability
of the cell
• Optimal (best) cell activities could also
depend on
– temperature
– levels of nutrients
– pH
– removal of wastes
14. Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are found only in Plants
• They are responsible for
Photosynthesis
• They convert inorganic materials such
as water and carbon dioxide to useable
food such as sugar and starch.
15. Chloroplasts
• The unique green colour is due to the
chemical chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll converts light energy into
useable chemical energy
22. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• It is the transport system of the cell
• It is able to transport toxic chemicals to
the Golgi Body
• It looks like a series of membranes
stacked within the cells
24. Vesicles & Lysosomes
• Once the toxic chemicals are in the
Golgi Body they are packaged
• These packages are membrane bound
so as to protect the rest of the cell
• These packages are often sent out of
the cell.
• These packages are Lysosomes and
Vesicles
