3. The intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it "the study and design of intelligent agents” No single goal of artificial intelligence Some say it’s putting the human mind into computers What is intelligence? The computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world We do not yet fully understand what intelligence consists of
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6. First Commercial, Stored Program Computer Made job of entering a program easier Advancements in computer theory computer science (and eventually to AI) Invention of a means of processing data makes AI possible
7. Dartmouth Conference John McCarthy (“father of AI”) organizes conference A month of brainstorming in VT Talent and expertise of others interested in machine intelligence Biggest gain: Field now called Artificial Intelligence
8. Lisp Language Developed McCarthy announces new development: LISP language Still used today LISt Processing – language of choice among AI developers
9. Start of DoD’sAdvanced Research Projects MIT receives 2.2 million dollar grant from US govt. to research Macine-Aided Cognition (AI) From Department of Defense US wants to stay ahead of Soviet Union
10. MicroworldProgram, SHRDLU Created SHRDLU part of microworlds project – research & programming in small worlds When confined to small subject matter, computer programs can solve spatial & logic problems
11. First Expert System Predict the probability of a solution under set conditions Potential to interpret statistics, formulate rules Over course of 10 years, can forecast stock market, aid doctors in diagnosis, show miners promising mineral locations Large applications in market place Conditional rules & storage of information
12. PROLOG Language Revealed General logic programming language Represented as facts and rules Developed in France Remains one of most possible programming languages today
13. AI-Based Hardware Sells $425 Million to Companies Expert systems in particular demand DuPont, General Motors, Boeing rely heavily on expert systems Companies develop that specialize in creating software that aids in producing expert systems
14. AI Military Systems UsedEffectively in DESERT STORM Used in missile systems, heads-up-displays, etc. AI truly put to the test
15. AI System Beats HumanChessmaster AI goes home Public interest growing AI system placed against a human chessmaster to see who would win AI wins – shows skills & abilities
16. Applications of AI Military “Smart bombs” Guided by remote control camera systems directed to the intended target Unmanned drone aircraft Missiles fly military missions and launch weapons from a distance Decoding of enemy secret codes Rapid translation of foreign language
17. Applications of AI Science Development of new drugs Model clinical studies in animals and humans Remote controlled surgical procedures Uses robotics and computer-based optical systems Can be performed half-way around the world Advanced weather modeling Doppler Radar Looks at trends and past models to predict weather patterns
18. Applications of AI Industrial Machine vision inspection systems Cameras and computers are placed on assembly lines to find defects Robotic systems Use computer automation and mechanical equipment Take place of humans in manufacturing of cars
19. Applications of AI Business Macros Computer mimics the programmer's actions Advanced financial systems Quickly analyze trends Allows for rapid investment decisions Consumer Personal computers Computer applications for Apple & IMB Voice and character recognition Entertainment Games, such as chess, where over 120 million moves can be recognized
20. Future of AI The future is really unknown Researchers seem to disagree on a lot of the same issues With the rate at which technology is improving it is logical to believe AI will continue to get more and more sophisticated
21. AI in Video Games Over the years AI is getting exponentially more sophisticated Now AI’s are able to react with an “intelligence” that simulates the computer as a human AI’s are able to respond to voice commands
22. Chess & AI Theory: if they can create a computer that can outsmart humans in this obviously strategic, thinking-based game, then it would be a major milestone on the road to the intelligent computer
23. Ethical Questions? -Will there come a point when computers become too intelligent? -Should robots have the same legal rights as humans? -How would we get around the question of ownership? -To what extent should we trust (be able to predict the behavior of) such a species? -What responsibilities do we owe such robots? -Would it be wrong to deliberately install mechanisms that gave humans an immediate physical advantage e.g. an off switch? -Should we allow a self-governing robot society to co-exist with ours?
24. Works Cited http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html http://library.thinkquest.org/2705/history.html http://www.a-i.com/ http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/01/storyboard-artificial-intelligence-cars/ Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan; Goebel, Randy (1998). Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0195102703. http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html http://www.cedmagic.com/history/atanasoff-berry-computer.html
