3. HMMMM....
What do you think
nonrenewable
resources are?
Break it down...
Nonrenewable?
Resource?

4. Earth scientists have identified over 3000
minerals.
These minerals are, however,
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES - their supply
is limited and cannot be replaced.
RENEWABLE RESOURCES, such as air, water
and plants can be replaced within a human
lifetime.

5. NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES
A nonrenewable resource is a natural
resource that cannot be re-made or
re-grown at a scale comparable to its
consumption.

6. Ores form in the crust in a variety of ways.
As magma cools, dense METALLIC
minerals sink to the BOTTOM.
Layers accumulate and form ORE
DEPOSITS within the hardened magma.
FORMATION OF ORES:

7. Some ores form through CONTACT
METAMORPHISM.
Sometimes hot MINERAL SOLUTIONS
spread through small cracks in rocks and
form bands called VEINS.
LODE: A large number
of thick mineral veins.

8. ORES & WATER:
The movement of water helps form ore deposits in
TWO ways:
1. Streams carry fragments of minerals (i.e. gold)
until they get DEPOSITED by weak CURRENTS.
Fragments become concentrated and form
PLACER DEPOSITS.
2. Water dissolves MINERALS in the earths crust,
and then carry the dissolved minerals until it reaches
a placer deposit where it accumulates.

9. JEWELRY - Sapphires, Rubies, Diamonds
JEWELRY - Gold, Silver, Platinum
BUILDING MATERIAL - Calcite, Gypsum
USES OF MINERAL RESOURCES:

10. CONSERVATION OF MINERALS:
The only sure way to preserve mineral
resources is through CONSERVATION.
Use other, more abundant substances
materials such as PLASTICS.
Another way to conserve minerals is to
RECYCLE them.

12. -Because of their organic origin, COAL,
PETROLEUM, and NATURAL GAS are
known as fossil fuels.
- Fossil fuels consist primarily of compounds
of CARBON and HYDROGEN called
HYDROCARBONS.

13. COAL (FORMATION AND TYPES):
•A dark colored ORGANIC rock.
•Formed from dead plants and
other organisms
•CARBONIZATION:
Bacteria consuming buried
plant remains, releasing
methane and carbon dioxide,
leaving only carbon behind.

14. PEAT: partial decomposition of plant remains.
Brownish/black in color.
LIGNITE: brown coal
BITUMINOUS: soft coal
ANTHRACITE: hardest form of all coals.
FOUR STAGES OF COAL:

15. HOW IS COAL MADE ???

16. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS (FORMATION AND DEPOSITS):
Petroleum and natural gas are largely made up of
HYDROCARBONS. Petroleum (oil) is LIQUID and natural
gas is a GAS.
When ancient animals were buried in prehistoric OCEANS and
LAKES heat and pressure build up. CHEMICAL changes
eventually convert the remains into PETROLEUM and
NATURAL GAS.

17. CRUDE OIL: unrefined
petroleum
PETROCHEMICALS:
chemicals derived from
petroleum, essential
component of over 3000
products, products
include: tar, wax, and
plastic
USES AND SUPPLIES:

18. COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and
natural gas are
considered
nonrenewable because
they can not be
replenished in a short
period of time. These
are called fossil fuels.

20. NUCLEAR FISSION:
The SPLITTING of the NUCLEUS of a large
atoms into two or more smaller nuclei. Only
one kind of naturally occurring element can
be used for NUCLEAR FISSION, this
element is URANIUM-235.

21. 1. U-235 is mixed with U-238 and formed
into PELLETS.
2.The uranium is then shaped into rods
called FUEL RODS.
3.Bundles of these FUEL RODS are
bombarded by NEUTRONS.

22. 4. When hit by a neutron, the fuel rod
SPLITS and releases NEUTRONS
AND ENERGY.
5. This starts a CHAIN REACTION and
the split atoms bump into other atoms
causing the fuel rods to get very HOT.

23. 6. Water is pumped around the fuel rods
to ABSORB & CARRY AWAY THE
HEAT.
7. The resulting HOT WATER / STEAM
then is used to turn TURBINES, to
generate ELECTRIC energy.
Nuclear reactions are contained in a
controlled environment called a
NUCLEAR REACTOR.

25. DRAWBACKS:
•WASTE PRODUCTS,
which give off dangerous
radiation
•the RADIATION can
destroy plants and
animal cells and cause
harmful changes in the
GENETIC MATERIAL of
living cells

26. NUCLEAR POWER IN NORTH CAROLINA

27. NUCLEAR FUSION:
All of the energy that reaches the earth
from the sun is produced by NUCLEAR
FUSION.
The NUCLEI of the smaller atom
HYDROGEN are
combined to create an atom of HELIUM.

28. HMMMM....
If nonrenewable
resources are resources
that cannot be re-made
at a scale comparable
to its consumption,
what are renewable
resources?

29. Nations are looking into the use of
ALTERNATE sources in order to find
safe and RENEWABLE energy
resources.

30. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are
natural resources that can be
replenished in a short period
of time.
● Solar ● Geothermal
● Wind ● Biomass
 Water
Tidal

31. SOLAR
Energy from the
sun.
Why is energy
from the sun
renewable?

32. GEOTHERMAL
Energy from
Earth’s heat.
Why is energy
from the heat of
the Earth
renewable?

33. WIND
Energy from
the wind.
Why is energy
from the wind
renewable?

34. BIOMASS
Energy from
burning organic
or living matter.
Why is energy
from biomass
renewable?

35. WATER or HYDROELECTRIC
Energy from the
flow of water.
Why is energy of
flowing water
renewable?

36. SUMMARY
What are the
differences
between
nonrenewable and
renewable
resources?