3. Star topology
in fig .. All the device are connected to a
central device is called hub or switch
Hub act as a controller of the topology
Network address –uniquely identified
If device want to send a data to another
device --- it send the data to the controller
The controller re direct to send the proper
designation
4. Advantages
Easy to add new device
Less expensive
Easy to install and re configure
Easy to monitor and trouble shoot
Since its have multilink if one link is failure
another link is not effected
7. Mesh topology
Each device is connected with all other
devices
The device is identified by names of address
If the device want to send a data to another
… it can send directly
8. Advantages
Data can be transmitted from different
devices simultaneously
If one device in the network fails there is an
alternate path to do communication
Expansion and modification cannot affect the
network
11. Hybrid topology
combing more than one network topology
Advantages :
Fault detection very easy
It is easy to increase the size of the network
Adding new component without effecting the
network
13. Types of networks
Need for computer networks
Files shared among different user
It allows sharing of mass central storage
and printers
It provides data security
Data backup facility
File / record and locking
14. Network types
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK )
MAN (METROPOLITIAN NETWORK )
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK )
CAN ( CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK )
HAN ( HOME AREA NETWORK )
INTERNET
INTRANET
EXTRANET
16. Explanation ….
Network connection implemented with in
buildings and offices
Bus ring star
Network management is very easy
The cost of data communication is low
Message send through server
19. MAN
In this connection implemented in highly
populated city
It is interconnection of LANS
It supports both text and voice
It allows data sharing between LANS
more number of user can added in than LAN
20. Wide area network
network connection implemented with in a
large geographical countries
It covers large distance
It can be used for all types of user
Any type of resources can be shared
24. CAN
It is a special network standard desinged to
enable communication among electronic
devices inside a vehicle (car ,bus ,ship,
aircraft ) with out help of host computer
Host processor –micro processor used to
decide the message to send and receive
CAN –it is hardware used to receive and send
message
25. CAN USES
Engine control unit ,channel door locks
,climate control
High reliable communication
It reduces the connection cost between the
device
27. HAN
Home area network
Communication between the digital devices in
this home
Two or three computers
Printer fax scaners
Internet connection
A/C
Home security system
tv
28. HAN
Home appliances such as microovan ,a/c ,
lighting etc.. Can be controlled automatically
Remote control
Internet connection
Computer resources share
32. Intranet
It is a private network of computer with in an
organization
Either using wire or wireless
IP address
Intranet to access the internet by using
network gate ways with a firewall
33. Uses
Productivity of the organization increased
Faster communication between the different
department
Cost effective
Promote common corporate culture
34. Uses
Productivity of the organization increased
Faster communication between the different
department
Cost effective
Promote common corporate culture
35. Extranet
An extranet is a controlled private network
that allows access to partners, vendors and
suppliers or an authorized set of customers
Uses :
Exchange large volumes of data
using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Share product catalogs exclusively with trade
partners
Collaborate with other companies on joint
development efforts
42. p2p
It is an network communication model in
which system has capability it initiate
communication with other system with out
centralized device
43. Transmission media
The information are transmitted between
sender and receiver in the form of
electromagnetic waves
Transmission media are located below the
physical layer
Computers use signals to represent data.
Signals are transmitted in form of
electromagnetic energy.
53. Thin vs thick
Thin net Thick net
Flexible cable Rigid cable
0.25inch thick 0.5 inch diameter
Carry signal 185 Mts Carry signal 500 Mts
54. Advantages of coaxial
The transmission rate is about 10 Mbps
Good electrical resistance
Maximum cable lengh is 185 m
Flexible and easy to work
58. Optical fiber
Fiber optic cable uses lights rather than
electrical pulses to transmit signals
Pure glass cylinder
It surrounded by cladding
Signal can passes only one direction
Led and laser signals
61. Advantages
Transmission rate 100 mbps
Cable length is up to 200 kmeter
Not effected by electrical interference
Supports voice video and data
Secured
62. Disadvantages
Cabling is expensive
Maintenance and installation is very difficult
Break very easily
63. Un guided media
Transport electromagnetically
Wireless communication
Signals are send through air
Radio wave
Micro wave
Infrared
68. Infrared
300 GHZ TO 400 GHZ
It is invisible for human
LED transmitted and photo diode to receive
the signal
IrDA (infrared digital association )
Pc ,laptop ,tv ,game control
69. Advantages
Low cost
Low power required
High security
Portable
No interference from other devices
70. Disadvantages
Short distance communication
Transmitter must be in line with receiver
Direct sunlight , rain dust effected the
transmittion
72. LOS
LOS is a circular orbit about 1200 mile or
1600 k meter above the earth surface
the satellite in this orbit is called LOS
USES :
Data loss is low
Used for e-mail ,video conferencing etc…
Path loss is very less
74. VSAT
Very small aperture terminal
It is receive and transmit terminal installed in
various locations
Transits and receive the signal in mass earth
stations
75. Main parts VSAT
Central hub or Master earth station
The satellite
VSAT Earth stations
76. VSAT
Central hub consists of internal service
provider connected with parabolic antenna
through the satellite modem and transreceiver
Two types of VSAT communication
One way communication : DTH
Two way communications : internet access
and ATM Services
77. Cable standards
Network cabling standards are used
internationally and are published by ISO/IEC,
CENELEC and the Telecommunications
Industry Association (TIA). ... ANSI/TIA-568-
C.3, Optical
FiberCabling Components Standard,
published 2008, plus errata issued in October,
2008.
78. Cable standards
ANSI/TIA-568.0-D, Generic Telecommunications Cabling for
Customer Premises, 2015
ANSI/TIA-568.1-D, Commercial Building
Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard, 2015
ANSI/TIA-568-C.2, Balanced Twisted-Pair
Telecommunication Cabling and Components Standard,
published 2009
ANSI/TIA-568-C.3, Optical Fiber Cabling Components
Standard, published 2008, plus errata issued in October,
2008.
TIA-569-B (2004; Amd 1 2009) Commercial Building
Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces
ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A-2002, Administration Standard for
Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure.
80. switches
A switch is a device in a computer
network that connects together other devices.
Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch
to enable communication between different
networked devices
83. It consists buffer for each link
if receive the packet first store in the buffer .
Then it checks the designation address in the
internal address table called swiching table
84. Types of switches
Store and forward switches
Cut through
Features :
Reduce the workload for computer
Increase the network performance
Decrease the data collition
85. Router
A router is a networking device that forwards
data packets between computer networks.
Routers perform the traffic directing functions
on the Internet.
A data packet is typically forwarded from one
router to another router through the networks
that constitute an internetwork
untilit reaches its destination node.
90. Gateway
Gate way is defined as internet working
system
It is used to join the two networks
Different communication protocol
It operate seven layers of OSI model
It receive the packet and convert one protocol
to another protocol
