The document summarizes developments in art from the Gothic to Renaissance periods in Italy. Key events included the Black Death that killed millions, weakening the Catholic Church and leading to the Great Schism. Humanism rose, with interest in Roman and Greek art and literature. Artists like Giotto and Duccio abandoned some medieval conventions, adding illusionism, emotion, and naturalism to works. Their innovations marked the shift from Gothic to early Renaissance styles in Italy.

1. Chapter 19 From Gothic To Renaissance

4. Berlinghieri – St. Francis altarpiece 1235

5. Pisano- pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery

6. Nicola Pisano- Left ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1259) Giovanni Pisano – Right ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1297)

13. Duccio di Buoninsegna – Virgin and Child Enthroned( Altarpiece 1308)

17. Martini – and Memmi(?)