Representation of gender and stereotypes

Liz Davies
Liz DaviesReigate College
Representation of gender
     & Stereotypes
Starter Activity

• Discuss your ideal man and/or woman in small
  groups.
• What does this suggest you value most about
  men/women?
Today’s lesson
• We are focusing on the representation of gender
  (one of the areas you may have to discuss in the
  exam)

• We will also consider stereotypes and
  countertypes

• You need to be able to apply the ideas discussed
  when analysing TV drama clips.
What is gender?
"Sex" refers to the biological and physiological
characteristics that define men and women.

"Gender" refers to the socially constructed
roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a
given society considers appropriate for men and
women.

(Taken from http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/)


...and transgender should be part of this too.
• Consider birthday cards and girls/boys
  magazines.




• What do these say about what it means to be
  a boy/girl? What do boys like and what do
  girls like?
• Do you think this changes in men’s/women’s
  magazines?

• Spend 5 minutes searching online for images of
  ‘men’s magazines’ and ‘women’s magazines’.

• What do they feature?
• What does this suggest is important about
  men/women?

• What do you think about this?
Masculinity and femininity
Gender and representation of gender is tied up
with ideas of masculinity and femininity...

Are the following ideas about the representation
of men and women reinforced by what you
found in the magazines?
Representation of Men
'Masculinity' is a concept that is made up of more
rigid stereotypes than femininity. Representations
of men across all media tend to focus on the
following:
• Strength - physical and intellectual
• Power
• Sexual attractiveness (which may be based on
   the above)
• Physique
• Independence (of thought, action, finances)
Representation of Men
• Male characters are often represented as isolated, as
  not needing to rely on others (the lone hero). If they
  submit to being part of a family, it is often part of the
  resolution of a narrative, rather than an integral factor
  in the initial balance.

• It is interesting to note that the male physique is
  becoming more important a part of representations of
  masculinity.
Representation of Women
Representations of women across all media tend to
highlight the following:
• beauty (within narrow conventions)
• size/physique (again, within narrow conventions)
• sexuality (as expressed by the above)
• emotional (as opposed to intellectual) dealings
• relationships (as opposed to independence/
  freedom)
Representation of Women
• Women are often represented as being part of a
  context (family, friends, colleagues) and
  working/thinking as part of a team. In drama,
  they tend to take the role of helper (Propp) or
  object, passive rather than active.

• Often their passivity extends to victimhood. Men
  are still represented as TV drama characters up to
  3 times more frequently than women, and tend
  to be the predominant focus of news stories.
Media representations of gender
• Consider the views put forward in these
  videos. Do you agree?
• http://www.mediaed.org/cgi-
  bin/commerce.cgi?preadd=action&key=234
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NX3w4let
  h9I
Masculinity and femininity
• How does society treat people who do not
  conform to gender norms (i.e. men who are
  feminine and women who are masculine)?

• So what is our society's dominant ideology
  about gender (i.e. what gender attributes and
  behaviours are valued most in our society on
  the whole)?
Media representations of gender
• Music video to consider:
  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uMJ22Ijc
  40
• What does this music video suggest it means
  to have a good time as a man? As a woman?
• How are the male characters represented?
• How are the female characters represented?
• Do these representations draw on any cultural
  norms about gender?
It is useful at this point to consider Stereotypes
in more detail...
Stereotypes
Assumptions that are held about a social group.

They are often used in a negative or prejudicial
sense and are frequently used to justify certain
discriminatory behaviours.

Stereotyping is an important concept in terms
of representation.
Stereotypes

• Stereotypes change with time
• If you look at TV drama from the past it is
  strange to see how inappropriately some
  demographics (particularly minorities such as
  homosexuals or ethnic groups) were depicted
  or represented.
• Love Thy Neighbour clip
Stereotype production is based on…

•    Simplification
•    Exaggeration or distortion
•    Generalisation
•    Presentation of cultural attributes as being
     'natural'.

    Does it matter?
The Countertype

• A positive stereotype.

• Focuses on positive elements of a group traditionally
  represented as bad.

• Still an oversimplification of the enormous diversity
  featured with the group.
Stereotype or countertype?
Stereotype or countertype?
1. What is denoted? (Describe what the image contains using the
   technical elements, e.g. details of mise en scene and
   camerawork.)
2. What is connoted? (Explain how the image might be interpreted,
   e.g. what do the denotations suggest about the characters?)
3. What is the significance of the representations? (Does the image
   present a stereotype or countertype? Why? – consider
   masculinity/femininity. Is this a common representation? Is it a
   positive or negative representation?)
Stereotype or countertype?
Stereotype or countertype?
Stereotype or countertype?
Stereotype or countertype?
Homework
Find examples of TV Drama characters who you think,
1. reinforce gender stereotypes
2. challenge gender stereotypes

Create a collage of characters for each with annotations
explaining your choice.

Post this on a new AS Media Exam journal. Email work to
teacher if you have any problems posting on your journal.
1 von 27

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Representation of gender and stereotypes

  • 1. Representation of gender & Stereotypes
  • 2. Starter Activity • Discuss your ideal man and/or woman in small groups.
  • 3. • What does this suggest you value most about men/women?
  • 4. Today’s lesson • We are focusing on the representation of gender (one of the areas you may have to discuss in the exam) • We will also consider stereotypes and countertypes • You need to be able to apply the ideas discussed when analysing TV drama clips.
  • 5. What is gender? "Sex" refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women. "Gender" refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. (Taken from http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/) ...and transgender should be part of this too.
  • 6. • Consider birthday cards and girls/boys magazines. • What do these say about what it means to be a boy/girl? What do boys like and what do girls like?
  • 7. • Do you think this changes in men’s/women’s magazines? • Spend 5 minutes searching online for images of ‘men’s magazines’ and ‘women’s magazines’. • What do they feature? • What does this suggest is important about men/women? • What do you think about this?
  • 8. Masculinity and femininity Gender and representation of gender is tied up with ideas of masculinity and femininity... Are the following ideas about the representation of men and women reinforced by what you found in the magazines?
  • 9. Representation of Men 'Masculinity' is a concept that is made up of more rigid stereotypes than femininity. Representations of men across all media tend to focus on the following: • Strength - physical and intellectual • Power • Sexual attractiveness (which may be based on the above) • Physique • Independence (of thought, action, finances)
  • 10. Representation of Men • Male characters are often represented as isolated, as not needing to rely on others (the lone hero). If they submit to being part of a family, it is often part of the resolution of a narrative, rather than an integral factor in the initial balance. • It is interesting to note that the male physique is becoming more important a part of representations of masculinity.
  • 11. Representation of Women Representations of women across all media tend to highlight the following: • beauty (within narrow conventions) • size/physique (again, within narrow conventions) • sexuality (as expressed by the above) • emotional (as opposed to intellectual) dealings • relationships (as opposed to independence/ freedom)
  • 12. Representation of Women • Women are often represented as being part of a context (family, friends, colleagues) and working/thinking as part of a team. In drama, they tend to take the role of helper (Propp) or object, passive rather than active. • Often their passivity extends to victimhood. Men are still represented as TV drama characters up to 3 times more frequently than women, and tend to be the predominant focus of news stories.
  • 13. Media representations of gender • Consider the views put forward in these videos. Do you agree? • http://www.mediaed.org/cgi- bin/commerce.cgi?preadd=action&key=234 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NX3w4let h9I
  • 14. Masculinity and femininity • How does society treat people who do not conform to gender norms (i.e. men who are feminine and women who are masculine)? • So what is our society's dominant ideology about gender (i.e. what gender attributes and behaviours are valued most in our society on the whole)?
  • 15. Media representations of gender • Music video to consider: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uMJ22Ijc 40 • What does this music video suggest it means to have a good time as a man? As a woman? • How are the male characters represented? • How are the female characters represented? • Do these representations draw on any cultural norms about gender?
  • 16. It is useful at this point to consider Stereotypes in more detail...
  • 17. Stereotypes Assumptions that are held about a social group. They are often used in a negative or prejudicial sense and are frequently used to justify certain discriminatory behaviours. Stereotyping is an important concept in terms of representation.
  • 18. Stereotypes • Stereotypes change with time • If you look at TV drama from the past it is strange to see how inappropriately some demographics (particularly minorities such as homosexuals or ethnic groups) were depicted or represented. • Love Thy Neighbour clip
  • 19. Stereotype production is based on… • Simplification • Exaggeration or distortion • Generalisation • Presentation of cultural attributes as being 'natural'. Does it matter?
  • 20. The Countertype • A positive stereotype. • Focuses on positive elements of a group traditionally represented as bad. • Still an oversimplification of the enormous diversity featured with the group.
  • 22. Stereotype or countertype? 1. What is denoted? (Describe what the image contains using the technical elements, e.g. details of mise en scene and camerawork.) 2. What is connoted? (Explain how the image might be interpreted, e.g. what do the denotations suggest about the characters?) 3. What is the significance of the representations? (Does the image present a stereotype or countertype? Why? – consider masculinity/femininity. Is this a common representation? Is it a positive or negative representation?)
  • 27. Homework Find examples of TV Drama characters who you think, 1. reinforce gender stereotypes 2. challenge gender stereotypes Create a collage of characters for each with annotations explaining your choice. Post this on a new AS Media Exam journal. Email work to teacher if you have any problems posting on your journal.