DIGITAL LIBRARY OF GLTSBM,NEHRU NAGAR

1. Made by:
Shehraz Nayyar
Nitanshi Jain
Sahil Sahu
Vineet
Class- 9th
‘E’

2. classification
Early Attempts at Classification
Organisms need to be grouped into meaningful
categories
Over time categorization has become much more
specific and simplified
Naming organisms
John Ray - first to use the term “species”
SPECIES - Organisms that are similar in
shape/structure and they reproduce with each other to
create viable offspring

3. evolutionevolution
EvolutionEvolution, or change over, or change over
time, is the process by whichtime, is the process by which
modern organisms havemodern organisms have
descended from ancientdescended from ancient
organisms.organisms.
Charles Darwin firstCharles Darwin first
described this idea ofdescribed this idea of
evolution in 1859 in hisevolution in 1859 in his
book origin of species .book origin of species .

4. Seven classification groups of
living things
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

6. Monera
They don’t well defined body.
Unicellular structure
Mode of nutrition –heterotropes/autotropes

7. PROTISTA

8. Protist kingdom
Unicellular; microscopic
Nucleus present
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic

9. Fungus kingdom
Eukaryotic
Made up of hyphae
No root, stem and leaf
No chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic
Reproduce by forming
spores

11. Plant Kingdom
Eukaryotic
Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments
(e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
Autotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:
Non-flowering plants
Flowering plants

12. Thallophyta
Aquatic
May be unicellular or
multicellular
No root, stem or leaf
Contain photosynthetic
pigments (e.g. chlorophyll)
for photosynthesis

14. Bryophyta
Amphibians of plant kingdom .
Have stems & leaves of the structure.
No tissues for water .
E.g –finaria, marcantia

15. PTERIPHYTES

16. Well defined body.
Specialised tissues present .
Presence of naked embryos called as spores.
These have 2 types of plants –
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms

17. Reproduction by
producing seeds
Seeds develop in cones,
not enclosed by fruits
⇒ naked seeds
Needle-shaped leaves to
reduce water loss

18. AngiospermsThese are called
flowering plants.
These have two
types of plants -
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
With flowers for
reproduction
Seeds are produced
inside the fruit
(matured ovary)

20. The Animal KingdomThe Animal Kingdom
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
 Most complex of all kingdoms
 Multicellular (made of many cells)
 They obtain food from OUTSIDE SOURCES
 They move from place to place to get food
 They swallow their food and they digest food
inside the body.

21. 9 Phyla of the Animal kingdom9 Phyla of the Animal kingdom
Porifera 6) Mollusca
Coelenterata 7) Echinoderm
Flatworms 8) Arthropoda
Roundworms 9) Chordata
Segmented worms

22. The Animal KingdomThe Animal Kingdom
Porifera:
Means “having pores”
Ex: sponges

23. The Animal KingdomThe Animal Kingdom
Coelentrata:
Sac-like body
Have tentacles
Ex: hydras, jelly fish, coral, sea anemones

24. Plathy-helminthes
Bilateral symmetry of body
Tissue organisations
Triploblastic
Lack of body cavity
Types : 1. free leaving – eg :planaria
 2. parasitic –eg : tapeworms

25. Echinoderms:
Means “spiny-skin”
Star shaped
Spiny
Ex:
Starfish & Sea Urchin

26. Arthropoda:
Makes up 75% of the animal kingdom
Basic Characteristics:
hard external skeleton
segmented body
jointed legs
Ex: beetle, milli & centipede, spider, crab

27. Chordata:
Vertebrates
Have internal skeleton
Vertebral column
Limbs
Ex: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

28. Molluska:
Hard shell surrounding soft body parts
Live in water & damp places
Examples:
Snail, & Sea Scallop
Only a few do not have shells:
 Octopus & Sea slug

29. Nematoda
Bilaterally symmetrical
Triploblastic
Pseudocoelum
Tissues present, no real organs present
Normal parasitic eg: ascaries
Filaria worm

30. Annelida
Triploplastic, well differentiated
True coelum present
Well organised body
Segmented
Habitat – soil, water
 eg : earthworm, leech

31. Protochordata
Long rod-like structure which separte the nerve
system from gut
Muscles helps into movement attach
Bilaterally symmetrical
Triploblastic
Body cavity - eg : harmonia, aphiorus

33. Vertabrata
Presence of vertebral column
Presence of moto chord
Dorsel nerve chord
Triploblastic
Body cavity present
These are grouped into 5 classes

34. Pisces
Acquatic organisms
Streamlined body
Respiratory organ – gills
Scales are present
Two chambered heart
Skeleton structure

35. Amphibia
Oviporous
Scales present
Mucus skin
3 chambered heart
Respiratory organ: lungs or gills
Habitate – water and land
Eg : toad, frog

37. Reptilla
Oviporous, lay egg in land
Tough skin
Respiratory system : Lung
3 chambered heart
Eg : snake, cobra, flying lizards

39. Aves
Oviporous, lay egg in land
Skin covered with feathers
Respiratory organ: lung
4 chambered heart
Eg : ostrich, crow, etc

41. Mammals
Viviporous, give birth to young ones
Respiratory organ – lung
4 chambered heart
Warm blooded organisms
Presence of sweet, oil, mammary glands – eg: whale,
dolphin.