leadership

1. LEADERSHIP STYLES
Prepared by: Lester R. Paradillo, RN

2. ACTIVITY
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3. LEADERSHIP
Leadership is the art of motivating a group
of people to act towards achieving a
common goal.
The process of encouraging and helping
others to work enthusiastically towards
objectives .

4. LEADERSHIP CONT..
• Alan Keith stated that, "Leadership is
ultimately about creating a way for
people to contribute to making
something extraordinary happen.

5. THE ESSENCE OF LEADERSHIP
 Leadership refers to ability of one individual to influence
others.
 The influence is exercised to change the behaviour of
others.
 Change of behaviour is caused with an objective of
achieving a shared goal.
 The person influencing others(leader) possesses a set of
qualities or characteristics with which he or she to
influence others
 Leadership is a group phenomenon. It involves
interaction between two or more people.

6. Activity
Manager Leader

7. ACTIVITY
Administer Maintain Innovate
Control Develop Inspire Long term view
Ask what & why Do things right Initiate
Do right things Short term view Ask how & when
Accept the status quo Originate Do things right
Challenge the status quo

8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANAGERS & LEADERS
MANAGERS LEADERS
Administer Innovate
Maintain Develop
Control Inspire
Short term view Long term view
Ask how & when Ask what & why
Initiate Originate
Accept the status quo Challenge the status quo
Do things right Do right things.

9. 3 MAIN TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLES
1. The Autocratic or Authoritarian Leader
2. The Democratic or Participative Leader
3. The Laissez-faire or Delegative Leader

10. 2 OTHER STYLES
• The Charismatic Leader
• The Servant Leader

11. THE AUTOCRATIC OR AUTHORITARIAN
LEADER
• Given the power to
make decisions alone,
having total authority.
• Closely supervises and
controls people when
they perform certain
tasks.

12. AUTOCRATIC OR AUTHORITARIAN STYLE
Under the autocratic leadership style, all decision-making powers
are centralized in the leader, as with dictator leaders.
They do not entertain any suggestions or initiatives from
subordinates. The autocratic management has been successful as it
provides strong motivation to the manager.
 It permits quick decision-making, as only one person decides for the
whole group and keeps each decision to himself until he feels it is needed
to be shared with the rest of the group.
High degree of dependency on the leader
May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need to be
made quickly and decisively

13. NOT ALL BAD
Sometimes the most effective style to use when:
•New, untrained staff
•Effective supervision can be provided only through
detailed orders and instructions
•Staff do not respond to any other leadership style
•Limited time in which to make decision
•A leader’s power challenged by staff

14. SHOULD NOT BE USED
When :
•Staff becomes tense, fearful, or resentful
•Staff expect their opinions heard
•Low staff morale, high turnover and absenteeism and
work stoppage

15. • Advantages:
• (i) Autocratic leadership style permits quick decision-
making.
• (ii) It provides strong motivation and satisfaction to the
leaders who dictate terms.
• (iii) This style may yield better results when great speed
is required.
• Disadvantages:
• (i) It leads to frustration, low moral and conflict among
subordinates,
• (ii) Subordinates tend to shirk responsibility and initiative.

16. THE DEMOCRATIC OR PARTICIPATIVE
LEADER
• Includes one or more
people in the decision
making process of
determining what to do
and how to do it.
• Maintains the final
decision making
authority.

17. PARTICIPATIVE OR DEMOCRATIC STYLE
 The democratic leadership style favours decision-making by
the group .
 They can win the cooperation of their group and can motivate
them effectively and positively.
 The decisions of the democratic leader are not unilateral as
with the autocrat because they arise from consultation with
the group members and participation by them.
Consultative: process of consultation before
decisions are taken
Persuasive: Leader takes decision and seeks to
persuade others that the decision is correct.

18. CARLOS GHOSN
• Carlos Ghosn (born March 9,
1954), President and Chief
Executive officer, Renault, France;
President and Chief Executive
Officer, Nissan, Japan
• Ghosn was very reasonable with
his subordinate. He provided them
challenges to perform better and
at the same time made them
realized that he trusted them and
their capabilities.
• He believed in empowering his
employees to take decision.
• He also believed that change in
the organizational culture should
come from the bottom level and
not be forced from the top
management.

19. MOST EFFECTIVE
When:
•Wants to keep staff informed about matters that affect
them
•Wants staff to share in decision-making and problem-
solving duties
•Wants to provide opportunities for staff to develop a
high sense of personal growth and job satisfaction
•A large or complex problem that requires lots of input to
solve
•Wants to encourage team building and participation

20. SHOULD NOT BE USED
When:
•Not enough time to get everyone’s input
•Easier and more cost-effective for the leader to make
decision
•Cant afford mistakes
•leader feels threatened by this type of leadership

21. Advantages:
•(i) Exchange of ideas among subordinates and leader
improves job satisfaction and morale of the subordinates.
•(ii) Human values get their due recognition which develops
positive attitude and reduces resistance to change.
•(iii) The quality of decision is improved.
Disadvantages:
•(i) Democratic style of leadership is time consuming and may
result in delays in decision-making.
•(ii) It is less effective if participation from the subordinates is for
name sake.
•(iii) Consulting others while making decisions go against the
capability of the leader to take decisions.

22. VIDEO
• Democratic leadership - the avengers..mp4

23. THE LAISSEZ-FAIRE OR DELEGATIVE LEADER
• Allows people to make their
own decisions.
• Leader is still responsible for
the decisions that are made.
• This style allows greater
freedom and responsibility for
people.
• However, you need competent
people around you or nothing
will get done.
Laissez-faire is a
French phrase
meaning “let do”

24. LAISSEZ –FAIRE OR FREE REIN STYLE
 A free rein leader does not lead, but leaves the group
entirely to itself such a leader allows maximum freedom to
subordinates, i.e. they are given a free hand in deciding
their own policies and methods.
1. Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas
are important
2. Can be highly motivational, as people have control over
their working life
3. Can make coordination and decision making time-
consuming and lacking in overall direction
4. Relies on good team work.
5. Relies on good interpersonal relations.

25. SHOULD NOT BE USED
When:
•Staff feels insecure at the unavailability of a leader
•The leader cannot provide regular feedback to staff on
how well they are doing
•Leaders unable to thank the staff for their good work
•The leader doesn’t understand his or her responsibilities
and hoping the staff cover for him or her.

26. Advantages:
•(i) Positive effect on job satisfaction and moral of
subordinates.
•(ii) It gives chance to take initiative to the subordinates.
•(iii) Maximum possible scope for development of
subordinates.
Disadvantages:
•(i) Under this style of leadership, there is no leadership at all.
•(ii) Subordinates do not get the guidance and support of the
leader.
•(iii) Subordinates may move in different directions and may
work at cross purpose which may create problem for the
organisation.
•Free rein style of leadership may be appropriate when the
subordinates are well trained, highly knowledgeable, self-
motivated and ready to assume responsibility.

27. BASED ON TASK VERSUS PEOPLE
EMPHASIS
High relationship and low-
task
[ supporting style ]
High task and high relationship
[ participative style]
Low-task and low relationship
[ free rein style ]
High task and low relationship
[ autocratic style ]
Low High
Task Emphasis

28. What leadership styles do you think
Martin Luther King, Jr. used?

29. WHAT LEADERSHIP STYLES DO YOU THINK
FERDINAND MARCO USED?

30. WHAT LEADERSHIP STYLES DO YOU THINK
PRES. RODRIGO DUTERTE USES?

31. QUESTIONS
1. Which leadership style do you think is the most effective?
Why?
2. Which leadership style do you think is the least effective?
Why?
3. Which style do you like leaders to use when the leader is
in charge of you? Why?
4. What leadership style best describes you?

32. CONCLUSION
Three factor that influence which leadership style to use.
1. the manager’s personal background: what
personality, knowledge, values, ethics, and experiences
does the manager have?
2. Staff being supervised: staff individuals with
personalities and backgrounds; what he or she respond
best?
3. the organization: the tradition, values, philosophy, and
concerns of the organization influence how a leader
acts.

34. CREDITS
• Some material used in this presentation was taken from a
PowerPoint found at
http://www.slideshare.net/DanHrstich/leadership-style-presentatio
by Daniel Hrstich