Two students from Spain visited the exhibition about robotics in Fundación Telefónica (Madrid) on Febraury 2019

1. BY CELESTE FERNÁNDEZ AND JULIA KOSTER

2.  INDEX
• History
• Parts of robots
• Da Vinci
• The creation of new humans
• Uncanny Valley
• Relation with society
• Relation with science fiction
• Asimov’s robotic laws
• Future jobs and the end of them
• Conclusion

3. HISTORY OF ROBOTS
Classical
Antiquity Middle Ages Modern Age 19th century 20th century 21st
century
XVI a. C.: The
creation of
water clocks in
Babylon and
Egypt
400 a. C.: The
construction of
a steam-
powered
mechanical
1088: Su Song created
an astronomical clock
operated by
automatons.
1136-1206: Musical
robots, hydraulic
machines and the first
kitchen robots
appeared.
1495: First humanoid
robot designs by Da
Vinci
1769: The creation of a
fake chess- playing
‘automaton’
1804: The creation of
a programmable loom
by J. M. Jacquard.
1820: Foundation of
‘Toshiba’
1887: Edison invented
1939: Westinghouse presented a
humanoid which could talk, walk and
smoke
1942: Asimov announced the three laws
of robotics
1959: the integrated circuit is design and
built
1964: First mass- produced computer
1975: First PC
1989: First robot which capable of going
up, down stairs and jumping
2002: First robot vacuum,
Roomba
2007: First Smartphone, iPhone
2008: Hiroshi Ishiguro
presented an avatar of himself
2011: First humanoid in space
2016: Amazon carried out the
first delivery by drone.
2017: Sophia, the first non-
human citizen in Saudi Arabia

4.  PARTS OF A ROBOT:
• All robots have some parts:
-Controllers: Every robot need a program that
controls it in an autonomous way.
-Sensors: They allow it to recognise a sound, an
image
or a movement.
-Effectors: Are the devices that a robot has to make
ir act according to its environment.
-Actuators: Mechanism that allow the effector carry
out an action or a movement.

5.  LEONARDO DA VINCI AND THE FIRST
HUMANOID
• Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) imagined
what we know as robots. He designed them
in several manuscripts, as the Codex
Atlanticus.
• He knew that a robot needs energy to move,
so he thought different ways by using
resources as the air, weights, pulleys, ropes,
belts, chains, moving water...
• He designed three different types of robots,
one of them in 1495, considered the first
humanoid: a mechanical knight.

6.  NEW
HUMANS?• Empathy is essential for humans. Some robots
had been created with the idea of detecting
emotions and moods, that’s why there have
been so many advances in voice detection or
facial expressions. There are some robots
capable of emotionally manipulating human
beings through algorithms and social networks
created by humans.
• Some experts think that robots could achieve
a real cognitive ability, going further than
‘emotional intelligence’, raising the need to
establish rights for them.

7.  THE UNCANNY VALLEY:
• The theory of the Uncanny Valley by Masahir Mori
says that if robots have a human shape but aren´t
very similar to us, they generate a positive response
in humans. But if the robot is too similar to humans,
they generate a negative response. This occurs
because we doubt whether they are robots or if they
are alive. This cause us fear due to we are afraid of
being replaced by robots, but also remind us death.

8.  RELATION WITH SOCIETY•
• This occurs because in Europe, people is concerned about
job loses.
If you see, in manThe society’s culture influences its attitude
towards robots. Europeans are more technologically
conservative than East Asia.ga comics or anime, robots help
humans, while in Western films, robots generate a problem in
society.

9.  RELATION WITH SCIENCE
FICTION:
• Literature:
-From Hesiod (Greek
philosopher) to Mary
Shelley (British writer)
literature has explored
existance. Science fiction
writers have asked
questions which are being
asked through robotic
characters to discuss
freedom, racism,
capitalism…
• Films:
-Robots have appeared in
films for talking about
social and political topics.
-In films there are two
types of robots. The ones
that are friendly and
helpful and the ones who
are war machines or
guardians of an oppresive
system.

10.  ASIMOV’S FOUR LAWS OF
ROBOTICS
• In 1942, Isaac Asimov, a writer, showed the ‘Three laws of
Robotics’ (later, he added the fourth), which are functional
laws which all robots are supposed to follow.
1st law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow
human being to come to harm.
2nd law: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where
such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3rd law: A robot must protect its own existence as long such protection does not
conflict with the First or Second Law.
4th law: Robot may not harm humanity or, through inaction, allow humanity to
come to harm.

11. 
JOBS• Many of the known jobs will be lost because of robotisation, but
new ones are going to be created.
• There are studies which say that more of the half of jobs will be
done by robots by 2055. The World Economic Forum (WEF)
explains that 65% of children will perform jobs which doesn’t
exist.
• There are, already, many robotised countries in Europe, like
Germany or other Nordic countries.

12.  ROBOT
BOOM
• There’s going to be the biggest boom of technology, between
2018 and 2020. By 2019, around 1.4 million of industrial are
going to be used globally.
• The main countries were sales of robots are concentrated are
China, the Republic of Korea, Japan, the United States and
Germany.
• Specially, China, represents the 40% of robot installations in
the world.

13. 
CONCLUSIO
N• When we went to this exposition about
robots, we learned lots of things about
them. We hope we have reflected these
ideas correctly, and that you have
learned with this presentation as much
as we did there.
• After this presentation, we can say that
we know more things about robotics!
For example, the different parts a robot
has, the history of robotics and how
they have changed our lives.
• If you have any question, please ask.
We will try to answer it!

14. This was our presentation!
We hope you enjoyed it!