1.
PowerPoint
Presentations
Center
for
Languages
and
Cultures
University
of
the
Sacred
Heart

2. The
7
Step
Process
–
All
presentations
go
through
the
same
seven
steps
(p.5)

3. Define
your
purpose
Inform
Persuade
Entertain
To
share
new
To
change
or
reinforce
To
amuse
with
humor
information
an
attitude,
belief
or
and
anecdotes
behavior
• They
can
overlap
(Example:
you
may
want
to
inform
and
entertain
at
the
same
time)
• Your
primary
purpose
should
influence:
the
tone,
content
and
structure
of
your
presentation.
Tone
The
Purpose
Structure
of
the
presentation
Content

4. • The
purpose:
what
you
want
your
audience
to
remember
and
do
as
a
result
of
hearing
you.
• It
has
to
be
specific;
not
broad.
• An
informative
presentation
must
always:
o Grab
and
hold
your
audience’s
interest.
o Get
the
audience
to
retain
your
key
points
• The
information
has
to
be
fresh,
practical
and
relevant.
o Use
new
and
useful
information
• Strong,
logical,
clear
sequence
of
ideas
–
presented
in
an
easy
to
remember
pattern.
• Present
in
small,
digestible
chunks
(3-­‐5
keypoints
you
want
your
audience
to
remember).

5.
• To
be
able
to
profile
your
audience,
you
must
ask
yourself
three
questions:
Profile
your
audience
Knowledge
Interest
Support
What
does
my
How
interested
is
How
much
support
audience
know
the
audience
in
my
already
exists
for
my
about
the
topic
I
subject?
views?
want
to
talk
about?
• Build
credibility
by
citing
experts
whom
the
audience
respects
• Avoid
hypothetical
examples
–
use
solid,
concrete,
real
life
facts
• Keep
it
simple
and
clear
–
limit
your
points
to
three
clear,
compelling
messages
• Create
an
emotional
link
–
something
that
your
audience
can
relate
to
• Don’t
drown
them
in
data
• Be
interactive
–
encourage
the
audience
to
ask
questions
and
participate

6.
• Map
and
structure
your
story
(p.27-­‐29)
1. Preview
–
introduction
(10
–
15
%
of
time)
a)
Hook
–
grab
attention
b) Positioning
Statement
–
benefit
statement
selling
advantages
of
listening
c)
Overview
–
key
points
2. View
–
body
(80-­‐85%
of
time)
a)
Supporting
statement
1
-­‐ Evidence/illustration
b) Supporting
statement
2
-­‐ Evidence/illustration
c)
Supporting
statement
3
-­‐ Evidence/illustration
3. Review
–
conclusion
(5%
of
time)
a)
Recap
–
summary
of
positioning
statement
b)
Memorable
conclusion
c)
Call
to
action:
request
for
commitment
• Titles
and
headlines
are
used
to
create
flow
and
direction
1. Titles
should
challenge
your
viewers
to
sit
up
and
pay
attention

7. 2. The
headline
must
capture
the
essence
of
the
slide
and
should
summarize
the
key
point.
• 3
functions
of
an
opening:
1. Grab
the
audience’s
attention
–
hook
the
audience
into
listening
2. Provide
reasons
for
listening
(positioning
statement)
3. Describe
what
you’ll
talk
about
• Functions
of
the
body:
o Support
each
point
with
evidence
o Use
the
latest
information
• Parts
of
the
conclusion:
o Summarize
your
presentation
–
recap
key
points
o Provide
closure
–
end
purposefully
o Motivate
the
audience
to
respond
–
present
a
call
to
action.
If
your
presentation
is
informative,
you
may
want
the
audience
to
reflect
on
the
issues
or
go
and
do
research.
• Use
transition
words
o It
is
imperative
that
you
use
verbal
transition
words
and
statements
to
lead
your
listeners
smoothly
from
one
section
or
idea
to
the
next.
o Purpose
of
transition
words:
1. Provide
mini
internal
summaries
2. Help
hold
your
audience’s
attention
• Organizational
patterns
o Sequential
o Topical
order
o Contrast
and
comparison

8.
• All
presentations
need
support
–
stories,
statistics,
and
facts
–
that
you
use
to
prove
and
illustrate
your
points.
• Importance
of
visuals:
1. Visuals
increase
persuasion
–
75%
of
what
we
learn
comes
to
us
visually.
Great
visuals
are
attention
grabbers.
2. Visuals
increase
retention.
Listeners
may
forget
a
speaker’s
words
within
minutes
of
leaving
the
presentation
but
they
can
remember
a
picture
–
in
detail
–
weeks
later.
3. Simplify
concepts
–
visuals
make
information
easy
to
digest.
• Use
a
variety
of
different
types
of
evidence.
Some
people
like
stories
and
quotes;
others
prefer
statistics
and
graphical
support.
(It
will
all
depend
on
your
type
of
audience).
• Quotes
must
always
make
a
point
–
irrelevant
quotes
weaken
your
impact.
• When
using
statistics
and
graphs,
make
your
numbers
understandable
and
use
comparisons.
• Make
the
last
item
in
your
list
your
most
important
• Determine
your
message
first
–
the
prime
purpose
is
to
communicate
a
persuasive
message,
not
to
dazzle
with
graphic
effects.
• Think
K.I.S.S.
(Keep
it
Short
and
Simple).
With
visuals,
less
is
more.
• Organize
your
content
around
3-­‐5
points.
Most
audiences
struggle
to
remember
more
than
five
points.

9.
• Audiences
admire,
listen
to,
and
are
influenced
by
presenters
who
respect
them
and
their
time
by
rehearsing
until
they
are
word,
picture,
and
time
perfect.
• Practicing
for
perfection:
1. Practice
until
you’re
supremely
confident.
You
can’t
over-­‐practice.
Every
time
you
practice
you’ll
find
something
to
improve.
(LAD)
2. Rehearse
out
loud.
Silent
practice
never
works
because
when
you
rehearse
in
silence
you
never
make
a
mistake.
(LAD)
3. Seek
feedback.
After
two
or
three
practice
sessions
alone,
ask
a
friend
or
colleague
for
feedback.
(LAD)
4. Videotape
your
address.
It’s
the
best
way
to
observe
your
vocal
and
physical
mannerisms
and
your
use
of
technology.
(LAD)
• Time
your
presentations
to
make
sure
your
presentation
is
the
right
length.
• Always
practice
standing
up
so
you
can
practice
your
gestures
as
well
as
your
words.
• Use
key
words
and
key
phrases
• Write
statistics
and
quotes

10.
• Speak
to
the
audience
not
to
the
screen.
• Don’t
read
you
text
points
out
loud
• Posture
don’ts:
1. Don’t
lean
on
the
podium
2. Don’t
put
your
hands
on
your
hips
3. Don’t
fold
your
arms
4. Don’t
sway
5. Don’t
clasp
your
hands
behind
your
back
6. Don’t
stand
in
the
fig
leaf
position
• Choose
the
right
words
with
great
precision.
The
right
words
can
move
people
to
agreement.
The
wrong
words
can
result
in
deadlock
and
animosity.
• Avoid
fillers.
Powerless
speakers
hesitate
a
lot
and
rely
on
fillers
like
“uh”,
“umm”,
and
“well”.
• Vary
your
pace
to
generate
interest.
If
you
speak
slowly,
consciously
speed
up
from
time
to
time.
• Control
the
loudness.
Vary
your
volume
by
stressing
the
most
important
words
and
phrases.
• Sharpen
your
articulation.
Clear
crisp
words
convey
confidence
and
competence.
• Evaluate
and
pinpoint
your
strengths
and
weaknesses.
• Practice
with
a
colleague
or
friend
who
you
know
will
give
you
honest
feedback.
• Don’t
try
to
fix
everything
at
once.
Pick
one
or
two
items
to
work
on
each
time.

11.
• There
are
six
high-­‐impact
PowerPoint
persuasion
strategies.
1. Align
the
PowerPoint
with
the
way
the
brain
works.
o The
visual
channel
processes
information
that
transmits
through
the
eyes
such
as
diagrams,
animation,
video,
and
on-­‐screen
text.
o The
verbal
channel
processes
information
that
comes
through
the
ears
such
as
speech
and
non-­‐verbal
sounds.
2. Segment
your
story
into
visually
digestible
bites
o Try
not
to
present
too
much,
too
fast.
o Viewers
absorb
information
when
it
is
presented
as
scannable,
bite-­‐sized
chunks.
o A
viewer
should
be
able
to
scan
and
digest
the
core
content
of
your
slide
in
less
than
ten
seconds.
3. Signpost
location
and
direction
with
graphic
organizers
o Give
your
viewers
a
sense
of
time,
place
and
direction
by
incorporating
a
graphic
organizer
into
your
presentation.
o Types
of
graphic
organizers
(p.96)
4. Wherever
possible,
persuade
with
visuals
o Visuals
increase
memorability.
o Most
listeners
forget
what
a
speaker
says
within
minutes
of
leaving
the
presentation.
But
they
do
remember
a
visual
–
in
graphic
detail
–
weeks,
even
months
later.
5. Purge
all
but
essential
text
and
audiovisual
effects
o In
PowerPoint,
less
is
more.
o On-­‐screen
text
should
be
kept
to
an
absolute
minimum.
o Adding
extra
sounds/music
or
using
too
many
pictures
or
animations
may
distract
the
audience
and
divert
their
attention
away
from
the
central
message
toward
irrelevant
material.
o Cut
all
on-­‐screen
text
that
you
intend
to
narrate.
Use
key
phrases
or
slogans.
o Remove
all
audiovisual
elements
that
do
not
support
your
central
message.
6. Dice
and
sequence
complex
visuals
o Complex
diagrams
presented
as
PowerPoint
confuse
most
audiences.
o If
the
diagram
or
graph
consists
of
five
or
more
component
parts,
present
the
diagram
as
five
separate
slides.
o It
takes
the
same
amount
of
time
to
present
five
points
on
a
slide
as
it
does
to
present
one
point
on
five
slides.
Nevertheless,
this
will
help
you
to
take
control
of
what
the
audience
watches
and
the
order
of
the
points
you
wish
to
make.

12.
• Color
can
add
impact,
create
interest,
and
focus
the
eye.
• We
use
color
to
inform
or
persuade.
• Colors
can
evoke
emotions
or
stimulate
an
emotional
response.
• The
biggest
mistake
presenters
make
with
colors
is
to
use
too
many.
This
can
cause
confusion.
• To
unify
your
presentation,
it
usually
pays
to
use
the
same
background
color
for
all
of
your
visuals.
• Different
meanings
of
colors
(p.105).
• Tailor
your
colors
to
your
audience.
Different
colors
mean
different
things
to
different
audiences.
A
skilled
presenter
will
tailor
the
presentation
colors
to
cater
the
biases
of
the
audience.
• For
sharp,
readable
PowerPoint
slides,
your
background
and
foreground
colors
should
contrast.
o This
means
you
should
use:
• Light
text
on
a
dark
background
or
dark
text
on
a
light
background.
o Also,
you
should
avoid
using:
• Similar
text
and
background
colors
• Dark
text
on
a
dark
background
color

13.
• Slideshows
that
consist
of
endless
bulleted
text
are
persuasion
killers.
• Avoid
using
multiple
typefaces
• Preferably,
you
should
use:
Times
New
Roman,
Arial,
Tahoma,
Verdana
or
Georgia.
• You
can
use
two
typefaces
where
you
want
to
add
variety
and
contrast.
For
example,
you
can
use
the
first
for
the
headlines
and
the
second
for
the
body.
• A
type
that
is
to
large
looks
ugly
and
clumsy.
On
the
other
hand,
a
type
that
is
too
small
looks
cramped
and
can’t
be
read.
• Font
sizes:
o Titles
48
to
40
points
o Subtitles
24
to
36
points
o Text
18
to
24
points
• Sometimes
single
line
spacing
could
look
cramped.
Increase
the
spacing
to
1.2
or
1.5
points
if
your
line
length
is
longer
than
eight
words.
The
extra
line
spacing
makes
it
easier
for
the
viewer
to
separate
individual
words.
• Bold
text
is
the
most
useful
special
effect.
It’s
a
great
way
to
highlight
key
words
or
points.
• Italicized
text
looks
great
on
the
computer
screen
but
is
often
unreadable
when
projected.
• Bulleted
text
helps
us:
o Break
up
blocks
of
information
into
scannable
links
o Focus
our
attention
o Organize
our
content
into
a
logical
order
o Add
structure
to
layout
• The
fundamentals
for
bullet
use
are:
o Limit
your
list
length
to
six
or
fewer
points.
Lists
with
more
than
six
items
look
cramped
and
crowded.
o One
list
per
slide.
Multiple
lists
confuse
audiences.
o If
your
bulleted
points
are
no
more
than
one
line
in
length,
keep
spacing
at
the
“1
line”
spacing
option
in
PowerPoint.
• Make
your
bullets
the
same
size
as
the
text
type
• Word
lists
should
rarely
if
ever
be
written
as
full
sentences,
but
as
short,
punchy
statements
• Place
the
most
important
points
at
the
top
of
the
list
• Slash
all
unnecessary
words
• Capitalize
the
first
letter
in
a
list
but
never
use
all
caps
for
an
entire
entry
or
list.

14.
• Select
the
appropriate
chart
–
choose
the
best
graph
form
by
pinpointing
the
relationship
you
want
to
emphasize.
• Types
of
charts:
o Pie
charts
–
used
for
percentages
and
to
illustrate
any
proportional
relationship
between
segment
and
a
whole
pie.
o Horizontal
bar
charts
–
useful
when
you
want
to
compare
the
size
or
magnitude
of
a
group
of
items.
o Vertical
or
column
charts
–
ideal
when
you
want
to
compare
changes
in
data
over
time
o Line
charts
–
the
most
popular
of
all
chart
forms.
Ideal
when
you
want
to
plot
or
highlight
a
trend
in
the
data.
These
are
the
easiest
to
interpret
and
are
useful
when
you
want
to
plot
over
multiple
or
extended
periods
of
time.
o Area
charts
–
useful
when
you
want
to
compare
a
change
in
quantities
over
time.
o Dot
charts
(or
scatter
diagrams)
–
show
whether
or
not
the
relationship
between
two
variables
follows
an
expected
pattern.
o Tables
–
charts
with
data
arranged
in
rows
and
columns
to
allow
side-­‐by-­‐side
comparisons.
Often
the
best
way
to
communicate
masses
of
numbers
and
data
for
which
graphing
would
be
inappropriate.

15.
• Audiences
admire
and
respect
a
presenter
who
goes
the
extra
mile
to
make
their
lives
easier
and
more
enjoyable
by
using
diagrams,
photos,
and
images.
• DIAGRAMS:
o Diagrams
are
often
the
best
way
to
simplify
and
visualize
complex
systems
and
processes.
o The
ideal
diagram
does
three
things:
 Informs
 Explains
 Simplifies
o Keep
it
simple.
The
musts
for
diagrams
are
simplicity
and
clarity.
o Use
the
thirty-­‐second
test.
If
you
can’t
understand
a
diagram
in
thirty
seconds,
it’s
usually
too
complicated.
o Break
complicated
diagrams
into
multiple
parts.
• ART
AND
ILLUSTRATIONS:
o Adding
art
and
illustrations
can
dramatically
increase
your
impact
and
persuasiveness
o The
visual
effect
of
an
illustration
helps
your
viewers
remember
and
understand
your
message
much
more
quickly.
o The
key
to
illustrations
and
artwork
is
to
choose
the
right
image.
o To
create
impact,
a
photo
or
image
must
reinforce
the
central
message
or
illustrate
an
important
point
in
your
slide.
Your
images
should
tie
in
with
your
general
storyline.

16. References
Mills,
H.
(2007).
Power
Points!:
how
to
design
and
deliver
presentations
that
sizzle
and
sell.
New
York:
AMACOM.