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MERGERS AND ACQUISITION
Mergers and acquisitions (abbreviated M&A)
MERGER:

     The combining of two or more
  companies, generally by offering the
  stockholders of one company securities
  in the acquiring company in exchange for
  the surrender of their stock.

ACQUISITION:

    An acquisition or takeover is the
  purchase of one business or company by
  another company or other business entity.
  Such purchase may be of 100%, or
  nearly 100%, of the assets or ownership
  equity    of   the    acquired    entity.
The Role of Human Resources in
     Mergers & Acquisitions
INTRODUCTION
 The    need for involvement of HR managers starts from the beginning
    of M&A process i.e at the audit or due-diligence stage
   When the acquirer’s has the maturity and experience ,it can have a
    greater impact on the integration phase than if HR is brought after the
    merger has take place.
   If HR is valued by the acquiring company’s management , it made it
    imperative to think them that people can be greatest asset, challenge
    and liability.
   Before the finalisation of the merger deal the acquiring company’s HR
    examine the different areas, evaluates different courses of action, in
    order to have a smooth transition.
   The HR manager has to minimise the uncertainty prevaling during
    the merger process and must strengthen the communication channel
    to deal with the issues like morale and productivity.
 Further , after the merger being implemented the role of HR manager
    becomes that of consultant to reduce interpersonal conflicts, role
    ambiguity and confusing procedure.
   HR manager must create a smooth transition process and review the
    process with newly formed teams ,manager and supervisors.
   The role of HR manager is also crucial when it comes to compensation
    related issues. This is problematic when the 2 companies have
    desperate systems.
    Another issues the HR manager has to deal, is redundancies. In any
    merger there be termination which almost create hard feelings and
    among senior managers, crushed egos.
   The HR manager has to give stress is on the examination of
    policies, practices and past actions of the acquired company and find
    some commonalities upon which the entity can be build.
   Thus, in general the HR manager play a truth
    teller, coordinator, administrator , councellor , coach and agent of
    change for the leaders and organization.
Role of HRM
HR plays important role at every phase in the process of international
  M&A
 PRE-COMBINATION:
        HR is closely involved with each of these steps- initial target
  screening and pre-bid courtship of the potential target firm, the ‘due-
  diligence’ review of the target company , the pricing and negotiation of
  the approach the partners will take to the combination and the
  agreement on the contract wording of the deal.

 COMBINATION PLANNING AND SIGNING OF THE AGREEMENT:
      HR plays a major role in providing advice on how to implement the
  deal and anticipated problems that will occur during the
  implementation.
 PRE-COMBINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEAL:
 One critical aspect of HR’s role is in creating and providing employee
 communication about the nature of the merger and about the vision
 for the business that will result after the merger has been
 consummated.
 In addition HR will perform a critical role in training employees to
 accept and to fit into new situation , in developing the new
 compensation and benefits system etc.
HR helps manage any problems or challenges related to people in
the organizations as the merger or acquisition process unfolds.
 Company Culture
 Human resources helps determine if the cultures of the two companies that are
    becoming one through a merger or acquisition are compatible.
    Human resources must have a firm grasp on the culture of the company for which
    they work and must study the culture of the other organization to make such a
    determination.
   Cultural differences may include how the two organizations define and measure
    success within the organization; benefits employees enjoy, such as personal time
    and insurance; how problems within the organization are handled; the
    management styles of the two organizations; and the overall attitude of the
    employees and managers toward business functions and the industry in which they
    work.
   Benefits Problems
   During the due diligence portion of a merger or acquisition, which comes after the
    purchasing company makes its initial offer to purchase the other
    company, management from the purchasing company assess whether the deal
    makes strategic and financial sense.
   Human resources from the purchasing company specifically assess the benefits
    structure of the other company to uncover any potential problems, such as a
    pension plan that is running low on funds or a health insurance package that will
    cost a significant amount for the company to continue offering.
 Employee Concerns
 People often fear change, and a merger or acquisition creates uncertainty and change for
  employees both of the purchasing company and the purchased company.
 Human resources in both companies help smooth out the transition for
  employees, helping calm any fears as well as answering questions about how the merger
  or acquisition affects each employee individually.
 If the employees of both companies do not have as much fear over the
  change, productivity is more likely to stay at previous levels.
 Human resources can detect and address any rumors about layoffs, office relocation or
  other changes employees fear, giving feedback to management about employee concerns.

 Changing Roles and Structure
 When one company merges with or acquires another, some changes to both
  organizations may occur, such as eliminating redundant positions or combining teams
  and departments.
 The process of altering the two organizations so they work together as one can take
  months to complete, and human resources plays a vital role in the changes.
 Human resources communicates to employees changes in who they report to within the
  company, what team or work group employees are assigned to as well as any changes to
  different positions’ roles in the organization.
 Human resources may work with management and employees to alter the job
  descriptions of various positions, ensuring everyone understands his role in the newly
  altered organization.
Human Resources can add value to the M&A life cycle
in the following ways:
# Pre-deal
   - help to identify issues/planning due diligence
   - plan due diligence for people/organization cultural fit
   - help to educate the “deal” team
   - help to develop acquisition guidelines
   - Due diligence
   - estimate people-related transaction costs
   - estimate people-related ongoing costs
   - identify/assess cultural differences
   - estimate people-related savings
   - recommend HR policies and programs
   - validate intangible assets
   - assess costs of integrating HR systems
# Integration planning
   - develop strategies for employee communications
   - design programs to retain key talent
   - plan and lead the integration effort
   - develop total rewards strategy for new entity
   - help new organization cope with change
   - define organization blueprint and staffing plan
   - monitor employee attitudes and engagement
   - manage selection and placement process
   - manage de-selection/outplacement process
   - outline people goals and guiding principles
   - form people-integration teams
   - help to manage labor relations
   - advise on productivity
   - selection method
# Implementation
  - align HR policies, programs, and practices with business practices
  - monitor progress of people-related synergies and ensuring workforce
  momentum is sustained
  - ensure incentive programs are designed to reward executives and key
  employees for achieving the goals of the merger


# HR should also encourage the new company’s leaders to do the following:
  - recognize and reward behaviours that support the new culture
  - consider cultural behaviours that support the new culture
  - align culture with the vision and business strategy of the combined
  organization
  - identify the desired culture and gain agreement from senior management and
  opinion leaders of both organizations
Concepts in role of HR in M&A
  1. Due deligence should be very clear
 2. Employee dis-satisfaction to be avoided
 3. Conduct common understanding programmes with the
 executive level employees of the company which you are going
 to takeover.
 4. Negotiate and make the Union Leaders understand about the
 entire issue and their future positions after M&A.
 5. Clear assessment of Manpower to be done
 6. Understand the Org. Structure/Salary Structure and try to
 reduce the parity between the two companies.
 7. Understand all the legal cases pending with the acquiring
 company and take full accreditition of the cases to take nextsteps
8. Information to sent to all the       bodies as per statute.
9. Proper Audit with related to Fixed   and Tangible asset to be
done    and     accordingly   value      to   be   determined.
10. Proper retrenchment policy to be    implemented for excess
staff
Mergers and acquisition

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Mergers and acquisition

  • 2. Mergers and acquisitions (abbreviated M&A) MERGER: The combining of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of one company securities in the acquiring company in exchange for the surrender of their stock. ACQUISITION: An acquisition or takeover is the purchase of one business or company by another company or other business entity. Such purchase may be of 100%, or nearly 100%, of the assets or ownership equity of the acquired entity.
  • 3. The Role of Human Resources in Mergers & Acquisitions
  • 4. INTRODUCTION  The need for involvement of HR managers starts from the beginning of M&A process i.e at the audit or due-diligence stage  When the acquirer’s has the maturity and experience ,it can have a greater impact on the integration phase than if HR is brought after the merger has take place.  If HR is valued by the acquiring company’s management , it made it imperative to think them that people can be greatest asset, challenge and liability.  Before the finalisation of the merger deal the acquiring company’s HR examine the different areas, evaluates different courses of action, in order to have a smooth transition.  The HR manager has to minimise the uncertainty prevaling during the merger process and must strengthen the communication channel to deal with the issues like morale and productivity.
  • 5.  Further , after the merger being implemented the role of HR manager becomes that of consultant to reduce interpersonal conflicts, role ambiguity and confusing procedure.  HR manager must create a smooth transition process and review the process with newly formed teams ,manager and supervisors.  The role of HR manager is also crucial when it comes to compensation related issues. This is problematic when the 2 companies have desperate systems.  Another issues the HR manager has to deal, is redundancies. In any merger there be termination which almost create hard feelings and among senior managers, crushed egos.  The HR manager has to give stress is on the examination of policies, practices and past actions of the acquired company and find some commonalities upon which the entity can be build.  Thus, in general the HR manager play a truth teller, coordinator, administrator , councellor , coach and agent of change for the leaders and organization.
  • 6. Role of HRM HR plays important role at every phase in the process of international M&A  PRE-COMBINATION: HR is closely involved with each of these steps- initial target screening and pre-bid courtship of the potential target firm, the ‘due- diligence’ review of the target company , the pricing and negotiation of the approach the partners will take to the combination and the agreement on the contract wording of the deal.  COMBINATION PLANNING AND SIGNING OF THE AGREEMENT: HR plays a major role in providing advice on how to implement the deal and anticipated problems that will occur during the implementation.
  • 7.  PRE-COMBINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEAL:  One critical aspect of HR’s role is in creating and providing employee communication about the nature of the merger and about the vision for the business that will result after the merger has been consummated.  In addition HR will perform a critical role in training employees to accept and to fit into new situation , in developing the new compensation and benefits system etc.
  • 8. HR helps manage any problems or challenges related to people in the organizations as the merger or acquisition process unfolds.  Company Culture  Human resources helps determine if the cultures of the two companies that are becoming one through a merger or acquisition are compatible.  Human resources must have a firm grasp on the culture of the company for which they work and must study the culture of the other organization to make such a determination.  Cultural differences may include how the two organizations define and measure success within the organization; benefits employees enjoy, such as personal time and insurance; how problems within the organization are handled; the management styles of the two organizations; and the overall attitude of the employees and managers toward business functions and the industry in which they work.  Benefits Problems  During the due diligence portion of a merger or acquisition, which comes after the purchasing company makes its initial offer to purchase the other company, management from the purchasing company assess whether the deal makes strategic and financial sense.  Human resources from the purchasing company specifically assess the benefits structure of the other company to uncover any potential problems, such as a pension plan that is running low on funds or a health insurance package that will cost a significant amount for the company to continue offering.
  • 9.  Employee Concerns  People often fear change, and a merger or acquisition creates uncertainty and change for employees both of the purchasing company and the purchased company.  Human resources in both companies help smooth out the transition for employees, helping calm any fears as well as answering questions about how the merger or acquisition affects each employee individually.  If the employees of both companies do not have as much fear over the change, productivity is more likely to stay at previous levels.  Human resources can detect and address any rumors about layoffs, office relocation or other changes employees fear, giving feedback to management about employee concerns.  Changing Roles and Structure  When one company merges with or acquires another, some changes to both organizations may occur, such as eliminating redundant positions or combining teams and departments.  The process of altering the two organizations so they work together as one can take months to complete, and human resources plays a vital role in the changes.  Human resources communicates to employees changes in who they report to within the company, what team or work group employees are assigned to as well as any changes to different positions’ roles in the organization.  Human resources may work with management and employees to alter the job descriptions of various positions, ensuring everyone understands his role in the newly altered organization.
  • 10. Human Resources can add value to the M&A life cycle in the following ways: # Pre-deal - help to identify issues/planning due diligence - plan due diligence for people/organization cultural fit - help to educate the “deal” team - help to develop acquisition guidelines - Due diligence - estimate people-related transaction costs - estimate people-related ongoing costs - identify/assess cultural differences - estimate people-related savings - recommend HR policies and programs - validate intangible assets - assess costs of integrating HR systems
  • 11. # Integration planning - develop strategies for employee communications - design programs to retain key talent - plan and lead the integration effort - develop total rewards strategy for new entity - help new organization cope with change - define organization blueprint and staffing plan - monitor employee attitudes and engagement - manage selection and placement process - manage de-selection/outplacement process - outline people goals and guiding principles - form people-integration teams - help to manage labor relations - advise on productivity - selection method
  • 12. # Implementation - align HR policies, programs, and practices with business practices - monitor progress of people-related synergies and ensuring workforce momentum is sustained - ensure incentive programs are designed to reward executives and key employees for achieving the goals of the merger # HR should also encourage the new company’s leaders to do the following: - recognize and reward behaviours that support the new culture - consider cultural behaviours that support the new culture - align culture with the vision and business strategy of the combined organization - identify the desired culture and gain agreement from senior management and opinion leaders of both organizations
  • 13. Concepts in role of HR in M&A 1. Due deligence should be very clear 2. Employee dis-satisfaction to be avoided 3. Conduct common understanding programmes with the executive level employees of the company which you are going to takeover. 4. Negotiate and make the Union Leaders understand about the entire issue and their future positions after M&A. 5. Clear assessment of Manpower to be done 6. Understand the Org. Structure/Salary Structure and try to reduce the parity between the two companies. 7. Understand all the legal cases pending with the acquiring company and take full accreditition of the cases to take nextsteps
  • 14. 8. Information to sent to all the bodies as per statute. 9. Proper Audit with related to Fixed and Tangible asset to be done and accordingly value to be determined. 10. Proper retrenchment policy to be implemented for excess staff