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3. LGU : Local Government Unit
IC : Information Campaign
SWM : Solid Waste Management
Definition of Terms

4.  Solid or semi-solid material - which are non soluble in
nature.
 In Simple Words Solid wastes are any discarded
(abandoned or considered waste-like) materials. Solid
wastes can be solid, liquid, semi-solid or containerized
gaseous material.
.
What is Solid Waste?

5. Waste was mainly composed of:
• ash from fires
• wood
• bones
• vegetable waste
Ancient History

6. Households or Municipal Waste
includes food,
paper, cardboard,
plastic, textiles,
leather, glass,
metal, ashes,
electronics waste
etc.
Source of Waste

7. Business and Industrial Waste
includes toxic
chemicals, oil,
debris from
construction site,
packaging waste,
ashes etc.

8. Agriculture Waste
includes
pesticides, crops,
water coming from
the fields also
consists of small
amount of toxic
chemicals.

9. Biomedical Waste or Hospital Waste
medicine bottles,
expired medicines,
syringes, medical
instruments such
as scissors, blades
etc.

10. Nuclear Waste
includes
radioactive
substances
coming from
reactors, fuel
(uranium, thorium,
plutonium etc). Its
highly dangerous
and requires
proper disposal.

11. Hazardous Waste
includes toxic
chemical, acids,
corrosive, ignitable
and reactive
materials, gases
etc.

12. Hotel Waste
includes left over
food, empty
bottles, and
different kinds of
trash

13. Bio-degradable
can be degraded (food,
fruits and others)
Non-Biodegradable
cannot be degraded
(plastics, bottles, old
machines, cans,
containers and others)
Classification of Waste
According to their Properties

15. Solid Waste Composition

16. • Affects our socio-economic conditions
• Affects our climate
• Affects our coastal and marine environment
• Affects our health
16
Impact of Waste to the society
If not managed properly

18. • This law aims for the reduction of solid waste through
source reduction and waste minimization measures,
treatment and disposal of solid waste in accordance with
ecologically sustainable development principles.
Ecological Solid Waste Management
)Act of 2000 (RA 9003)

19. The 3R’s

20. • The said act gives strong emphasis on the role of
municipal and local government units (LGUs)
providing for the creation of Solid Waste
Management Communities up to the barangay
level. This requires the participation of
nongovernment offices, people’s organizations,
church leaders, schools, businesses and
community organizations.
Provision of RA 9003

21. • Effective September 5, 1938
• Prohibits the dumping into rivers of refuse waste matter
or substance of any kind.
• Punishment of imprisonment of not more than six
months or by a fine of not more than P200 or both.
Commonwealth Act No. 383
Anti-dumping Law

22. • Effective November 7, 1975
• Penalizes improper disposal of garbage and other
forms of being dirty.
• Violators may be imprisoned for not less than five
days or more than a year or pay a fine or not less
that P100 or more than P2,000 or both.
Presidential Decree 825

23. • Effective 1991
• Mandates local government units to exercise powers,
functions and responsibilities in providing basic services
and facilities related to general hygiene, sanitation,
beautification and solid waste collection, transport and
disposal.
Republic Act 7160
(Local Government Code)

24. 24

26. Solid Waste
Management Hierarchy

27. These are the following methods for disposal of the
solid waste.
• LAND FILLS
• INCINERATION
• BIOLOGICAL REPROCESSING
• RECYCLING
• OCEAN DUMPING
• PLASMA GASIFICATION
Methods of Disposal

28. LAND FILL
 It is the most traditional method of waste
disposal.
 Waste is directly dumped into disused quarries,
mining voids or borrow pits.
 Disposed waste is compacted and covered with
soil to prevent vermin and wind-blown litter.
Methods of Disposal

29. Advantages:
• Landfill site is a cheap waste
disposal option for the local
council.
• Jobs will be created for local
people.
• Lots of different types of waste
can be disposed of by landfill
in comparison to other waste
disposal methods.
• The gases given off by the
landfill site could be collected
and used for generating power.
Disadvantages:
• Dangerous gases are given off
from landfill sites that cause
local air pollution and
contribute to global warming.
• Local streams could become
polluted with toxins seeping
through the ground from the
landfill site.
• Once the site has been filled it
might not be able to be used
for redevelopment as it might
be too polluted.
Methods of Disposal

30. Land Required for
Disposal of MSW
Emission of Methane from
Land Fill
Methods of Disposal

32. OCEAN DUMPING
 Ocean dumping is the dumping or placing of
materials in the ocean, often on the continental
shelf.
 A wide range of materials is involved, including
garbage, construction and demolition debris,
sewage sludge, dredge material, waste
chemicals, and nuclear waste.
 Sometime hazardous and nuclear waste are also
disposed but these are highly dangerous for
aquatic life and human life also.
Methods of Disposal

33. Advantages:
• Convenient
• Inexpensive
• Source of nutrients for fishes
and marine mammals.
• Vast amount of space is
available.
• All type of wastes are disposed
Disadvantages:
• There are three main direct
public health risks from ocean
dumping:
(1) occupational accidents,
injuries, and exposures
(2) exposure of the public to
hazardous or toxic
materials washed up on
beach sand.
(3) human consumption of
marine organisms that
have been contaminated by
ocean disposal
• Highly dangerous for aquatic
life.

35. BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
 Materials such as plants, food scraps, and paper
products can be decomposed into the organic
matter.
 The organic matter that is produced from this type
of recycling can then be used for such things as
landscaping purpose or agricultural uses.
 Usually this method of recycling is done by putting
the materials in a container and let to stay there
until it decomposes.
Methods of Disposal

37. RECYCLING PROCESS
• COLLECTION: The first step required for recycling is
collecting recyclable materials from communities.
Today many major cities and larger communities
offer a curbside pick up service for recyclable
materials.
• SORTING: The second step involves processing the
recyclable materials. This includes sorting the
materials into groups, cleaning them and getting
them ready to be sold to manufacturers who will turn
the materials into new products.
Methods of Disposal

38. RECYCLING PROCESS
• MANUFACTURING: It is the third step in the
recycling process. The collected material is sent to
industries those convert them into new products.
• PURCHASING: The last step involves the
purchasing of recycled products. When consumers
purchase products that have been made with post
consumer material the recycling process has been
completed and then can be repeated.

39. RECYCLING SAVING
MATERIAL ENERGY SAVING
ALUMINIUM 95%
CARDBOARD 24%
GLASS 5-30% (100Liters of Oil)
PAPER 50%
PLASTIC 70%
STEEL 60%

40. Advantages:
• Reduction of air and water
pollution.
• Reduction in the release of
harmful chemicals and
greenhouse gases from
rubbish.
• Saves space required as
Waste Disposal Landfill.
• Reduce financial expenditure
in the economy.
• Helps in conserving a lot of
energy resources like
petroleum and coal deposits.
Disadvantages:
• Recycling is not a solution to
managing every kind of waste
material
• For many items recycling
technologies are unavailable
or unsafe
• In some cases, cost of
recycling is too high.

41. INCINERATION
 Incineration is a waste treatment process that
involves the combustion of solid waste at 1000C.
 The first incinerators for waste disposal were built
in Nottingham by Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd. in
1874 to a design patented by Albert Fryer.They
were originally known as destructors
.
Methods of Disposal

42.  waste materials are converted into ash, flue gas,
and heat.
 The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic
constituents of the waste and gases due to
organic waste.
 the heat generated by incineration is used to
generate electric power

44. Advantages:
• Minimum of land is needed
compared to other disposal
methods.
• The weight of the waste is
reduced to 25% of the initial
value.
• No risk of polluting local
streams and ground waters as
in landfills.
• Incineration plants can be
located close to residential
areas.
• Gases are used to generate
power.
Disadvantages:
• Expensive
• Required skilled labor.
• The chemicals that would be
released into the air could be
strong pollutants and may
destroy ozone layer (major
disadvantage).
• high energy requirement

45. • Chimneys and tiled stoves in private households alone
discharge approximately 20 times more dioxin into the
environment than incineration plants.
• According to the United States Environmental Protection
Agency, the combustion percentages of the total dioxin
and furan inventory from all known and estimated
sources in the U.S. (not only incineration) for each type of
incineration are as follows: 35.1% backyard barrels;
26.6% medical waste; 6.3% municipal wastewater
treatment sludge; 5.9% municipal waste combustion;
2.9% industrial wood combustion. Thus, the
controlled combustion of waste accounted for 41.7%
of the total dioxin inventory.
•

46. INCINERATION PLANT OBERHAUSEN, GERMANY

47.  Plasma gasification is a new garbage disposal solution
using plasma technology.
 Uses electrical energy and the high temperatures
(4000°C to over 7000°C) created by an plasma
torches.
 Almost completely breaks down the waste into syngas
which are used to generate electricity.
 The remaining material (slag) is used to produced
material for building projects.
Methods of Disposal
Plasma Gasification

48.  Plasma gasification is a new garbage disposal solution
using plasma technology.
 Uses electrical energy and the high temperatures
(4000°C to over 7000°C) created by an plasma
torches.
 Almost completely breaks down the waste into syngas
which are used to generate electricity.
 The remaining material (slag) is used to produced
material for building projects.
Methods of Disposal
Plasma Gasification

49. WHAT IS PLASMA?
 Fourth state of matter.
 It is an ionized gas at high
temperature, capable of
conducting current due to free
electrons.
 Created by applying an electric
arc to a low- pressure gas.

50.  Consists of a tungsten rod
(cathode) and a water-cooled
copper (anode).
 Shaped in the form of a nozzle
 Gas is introduced in the electrode
gap and a dc arc is established
between the electrodes to create
plasma.
PLASMA TORCHES

51. HOW PLASMA GASIFIRE WORKS

53. Topic :
“Experience Implementation of Solid Waste”
Location:
San Francisco, Cebu City

54. PHILIPPINES
Overview
The accumulation of waste has been a constant problem in the
Philippines due to following:
Over-increasing Population
that contributes to the increase in solid waste generation
Urbanization & Economic Growth

55. The garbage of the municipality for the past
10 years become a major problem which:
oAlmost 45 thousand people produced around 12
tons of garbage per day.
oGarbage are left to streets, vacant lot, which
become breeding places for flies and other insects
that spread communicable diseases.
oSome are thrown in drainage and canals which
block the sewerage system that cause floods even
with minimal rainfall.
o Some are burned resulting in air pollution.
San Francisco, Cebu City
10 Years Ago

59. The LGU of the municipality of San
Francisco, lead by their mayor, successfully enacted
all the policies, objectives, guiding principles of
municipal ordinance based on the “R.A.9003”. It also
consider and modifies the system to better suit the
needs and resources of the community.
1. They created Solid Waste Management Office
with competent personnel
2. Create a clear structure to run the Office
3. Allocate Budget Annually for Equipments and
other Programs
Solution to the Problem

60. Solution to the Problem
CREATE A CLEAR STRUCTUREFOR OPERATION
 17 garbage crew including
drivers
 2 persons assigned to the
shredder machine for bio-
waste
 1 person assigned for
shredder machine of
residual waste
 2 persons assigned for
MRF gardening
 1 person assigned for
vermi composting
 2 persons assigned for
recycle hollow block
making & bricks making
 1 person assigned for
pillow making

61. Solution to the Problem
PROVIDE LOGISTIC IN OPERATION
 1 Compactor Truck
 3 Open Dump Truck
 1 Shredder for Bio Waste
 1 Shredder for Residual
Waste
 1 Pay loader
 1 back hoe
 10 bicycle
 13 portable handheld radio
transceiver

62. Operations
Information Campaign
Conduct information drive at School and Universities
to Educate Students of different Ages
Conducted IC in schools pertaining
to the proper segregation of solid
waste in school
Orientation about proper solid waste
management at Cebu Technological
University

63. Educate People fron Local Government Employee
down to Purok Level
Conducted IC in Barangays about the
implementation of the municipal
comprehensive solid waste
managementordinance.
Create a BARANGAY ECOLOGICAL
SWM TEAM to help
and spread the campaign

64. Educate Business Sectors & conduct House to House
Campaign
Distributed flyers, leaflets, to vendors
at the municipal public market to
insure that garbage will be properly
segregated
Distribution of leaflets, flyers at
houses on regarding the proper
segregations of garbage generated in
households.

65. Conduct Orientations and Putting up Signages
Conduct orientation of the violators at
barangays. The said violator are
subject to render a community service
at the area.
Putting up Solid Waste Management
Signage's

66. Color Coded Trash Bin and Orientation for SWM
Enforcers
Green–for biodegradable wastes
Yellow–for residuals/special waste
Blue–for recyclable/reusable waste
A 3- day orientation seminar fro SWM
Enforcers regarding the
implementation of SWM Ordinance of
the municipality

67. Operations
Information Campaign
Impact
 Increase awareness
 Increase attendance in coastal
cleanup activities and purok
street cleaning
 More support gathered in tree
growing activities
 People have learned proper
disposal of solid waste and
initiated to clean up their
surroundings.
 Litter cans can now be seen in
barangay MRF.
 Change in attitude :
 Most households makes
segregation as a daily
routine their lessening the
workload of the garbage
collectors. And to the solid
waste management team
during their house to house
monitoring
 90% of residents have
stopped burning their
garbage because of the
intensive campaign.

68. Material Recovery Facilities
MRF Garbage Operation Flow Chart

69. The garbage collection
trucks at the material recovery
facility, were ready for the collection
in any routing schedule at the
barangay’s but a condition of “No
Segregation No Collection is the
policy” is implemented
The SWM enforcer
checked the garbage in the
household one hour before arrival
of the garbage truck to insure
the solid wastes are properly
segregated
Material Recovery Facilities
Collection Management

70. • When the garbage truck
arrived at the MRF, all
residual waste,
recyclables and special
wastes, weighed and
recorded for
Documentation
purposes
Material Recovery Facilities
Recoding Purposes

71. Composition of Solid Waste
Biodegradable : 2449.02kg/day
Recyclable : 251.05kg/day
Residuals : 1210.10kg/day
Special Waste : 52.93kg/day
Total = 4,105.11 kg/day
Material Recovery Facilities
Recoding Purposes

72. Plastic shredder
Pillow making shredded plastic
cellophane as raw materials inside.
Shredder machine for plastic cellophane 2Hp engine that
can shred about 50 kls a day
Hollow block with mixing
shredded Plastic cellophane

73. Bio-Shredder
Bio-shredder machine can shred
of about 4 cubic meter bio waste
per day
Still Matting
Composting Facility
Vermi Coposting
Facility
Windraw Composting
Facility

74. Ecological Garden
Use old/used tires as base where we can plant lemon trees and
at the same time lessen the risk of dengue victims where mostly
used tires is mosquito’s favorite breeding area.

75. Vegetable & Medicinal Garden

76. HOW DOES A MRF WORK?

77. “Solid waste”
is hazardous to health so it has to be handled
carefully and disposed properly in order to protect
our health and to maintain good environment.
Solid Waste Management
Summary

79. PREPARED BY:
Leajo Renales
Redem Cariño
Leeyen Malic
Ryan Dela Cruz