This Spanish grammar book contains information about various grammar topics including: 1. Conjugations of ser and estar verbs 2. The difference between ser and estar 3. Verbs like gustar that use indirect objects 4. The use of hace + time + que to indicate how long something has been happening 5. The use of acabar de + infinitive to indicate recently completed actions It also covers reflexive verbs, affirmative and negative tu commands for regular and irregular verbs, reflexive commands, cual vs que, transition words, imperfect verb forms, and trigger words. The book uses examples and explanations to teach Spanish grammar concepts.

1. Spanish Grammar Book
Por : Leah Hess

2. Page 1
Table of Contents
1. Ser / Estar Conjugations
2. Ser vs. Estar
3. Verbs like gustar
4. Hace + Time + Que
5. Acabar de + Infinitive
6. Reflexive Verbs
7. Affirmative Tu Commands (regular verbs)
8. Affirmative Tu Commands (irregular verbs)
9. Negative Tu Commands (regular verbs)
10. Negative Tu Commands (irregular verbs)
11. Reflexive Commands
12. Que VS. Cual
13. Transition words
14. Imperfects
15. Trigger Words
16. DOP + placement

3. Page 2
Ser and Estar Conjugations
Ser
Yo Soy Nosotros Somos
Tu Eres Vosotros Sois
El Es Ustedes Son
Ella Es Ellos / Ellas Son
Estar
Yo Estoy Nosotros Estamos
Tu Estas Vosotros Estais
El Esta Ustedes Estan
Ella Esta Ellos / Ellas Estamos

4. Page 3
Ser VS. Estar
Ser Estar
Ime
Ocation
D
Ates H
Ossesion Motions E
O
Rigion L
C
Ealth
Escription P
T
Haracterization Resent I
O
Elation N
R
-ar = ando
Vents -er / ir = iendo G
P
E ccupation
D

5. Page 4
Hace + Time + Que
Shows how long something has been
happening.
Ex. Hace tres dias que me duele.
Question: Caunto tiempo hace que… ?
This is asking how long something
has been happening
Ex. Caunto tiempo hace que te
duele la cabeza?

6. Page 5
Acabar De + Infinitive
Yo Acabo Nosotros Acabamos
Tu Acabas Vosotros Acabais
El Ustedes
Acaba Acaban
Ellos / Ellas
Ella
Directions:
First Conjugate: Yo acabo…
Next add De: Yo acabo de…
Last add infinitive verb: Yo acabo de correr.
Examples:
• Tu acabas de escribir.
• Nosotros acabamos de ver una pelicula.
• Ella acaba de comprar una camisa roja.

7. Page 6
Reflexive Verbs
Only use reflexive verbs when the action is
being done upon one’s self.
With reflexive verbs you use these pronouns…
Me
Te Nos
Le Os
Se Se
Examples:
Take the action…. Lavarse
-Me Afeitarse Me afeito
Take off “se” and conjugate… Te Lavas -Nos ducharse Nos duchamos
This means that you wash yourself.

8. Page 7
Affirmative Tu Commands (Regular Verbs)
Used when you are trying to tell somebody something to do.
Steps:
1. Take the verb – Escuchar
2. Take off the ar ending – Escuch
3. Put command in the el / ella form – Escucha
4. Add exclamtation marks to show emphasis – Eschuca!
Examples:
Corre a la tienda!
Come la comida!
Estudia la tarea!

9. Page 8
Affirmative Tu Commands (irregular verbs)
All irregular verbs in command form…
Decir Di To say
Hacer Haz To do
Venir Ven To come
Tener Ten To have, to be
Poner Pon To put, place, set
Ser Se To be
Ir Ve To go
Salir Sal To leave

10. Page 9
Negative Tu Commands ( Regular Verbs)
Used when telling someone not to do something.
Steps:
1. First take the verb – Cantar
2. Conjugate to yo form – Canto
3. Take off the o – Cant
4. Change verb to er ending, er would change to ar
and ir would change to ar
5. Conjugate to the tu form taking into account the
change in endings – Cantes
6. Last add no and exclamation mark to show
emphasis – No Cantes!

11. Page 10
Negative Tu Commands ( Irregular verbs )
When using negative commands with irregular verbs, nothing
really changes about the verb and you act as if the irregular verb
isn't irregular at all and conjugate as you would in all the steps.
Steps:
1.First take the irregular verb – Venir
2.Conjugate to the yo form – Vengo
3.Take off the o – Veng
4.Taking into account that the verb is
now ar, conjugate to the tu form –
Vengas
5.Add no and exclamation mark – No
vengas!

12. Page 11
Reflexive Commands
Used when you are telling someone to do
something upon themselves, like to wash
their hands.
Steps:
1.Take the reflexive verb – Lavarse
2.Take off the se – Lavar
3.Change verb into a command by
putting in the el / ella form – Lava
4.Add pronoun at the end – Lavate
5.Add exclamation mark for emphasis
– Lavate!

13. Page 12
Cual VS. Que
•Cual? – Which?
•Que? – What?
•Cual is used for selection from a
group
•Que is used when asking for
definition

14. Page 13
Transition Words
•Y •And
•Tambien •Also
•Ni •Nor
•O •Or
•Para •For
•Pero •But
•Asi •So
•Luego •Later
•Nunca •Never
•Ahora •Soon
•Primero •Now
•Despues •First
•Ni •After
•Por •Neither nor
•Asi •Because of this
•Entonces •Causing this to happen
•Then

15. Page 14
Imperfect Verb Forms
•Imperfect – •Imperfect –
AR verbs ER/IR
• - Aba -Abamos • - Ia - Iamos
• - Abas - Abais • - Ias - Iais
• - Aba - Aban • - Ia - ias
•SE •Ve
• - Era - Eramos • - Veia - Veiamos
• - Eras - Erais • - Veias - Veiais
• - Era - Eran • - Veia - Veian

16. Imperfect Verbs Continued
• - Iba - Ibamos
• - Ibas - Ibais Uses
• - Iba - Iban •Past tense
•Repeated action
•Continual action
•Not a specific
moment
•Time/ Age/ Date/
Feelings/ Descriptions
•Interrupted activity

17. Page 15
Trigger words
•Todos los dias
•A menudo
•A veces
•Siempre
•Cada dias
•Los lunes
•Generalmente
•Mientras
•De vez en cuando
•Muchas veces
•Frecuentemente

18. Page 16
DOP + Placement
• Attach to the ends of affirmative
commands, present progressives
and infinitives
• When you change the
syllabification, you put the accent
on the third to last syllable
(antepenutima)