For a presentation on January 22, 2010 at the Ateneo Alternative Class Program.

1. Measuring Poverty Leland Joseph R. Dela Cruz Development Studies Program Ateneo de Manila University Alternative Class Program January 22, 2010

2. Alternative questions for measuring poverty How much income do you make? How much income do you make relative to what others make? Do you consider yourself poor? Do you have access to basic needs? What is the quality of life you are able to lead?

3. Poverty as Lack of Income How much income do you make?

4. Test your knowledge! How much should a family of 5 persons be earning per month to be considered non-poor? What percent of the Philippine population is considered poor?

5. When is a person considered poor? A poor person is someone who earns income below the official poverty line or poverty threshold. The poverty line measures the income needed to obtain basic and non-basic needs for one year.

6. How does the government compute for the poverty line? The government constructs a menu per region that satisfies basic nutritional requirements. The government computes for the cost of that menu. (ex. P43) The government computes for the proportion of income that is budgeted for food using survey data. (ex. 66%) The figure obtained in #1 is divided by the figure obtained in #2. (ex. P43 / 66% = P65)

7. What is the NCR poverty line (2008)? NSCB P24,000.00 Individual/ year* P2,000.00 Individual/ month* P65.76 Individual/ day* P120,000.00 Family/ year* P10,000.00 Family/ month P328.77 Family/ day* *Unofficial, self-computed

8. What is the Philippine poverty line (2006)? NSCB P15,057.57 Individual/ year NSCB P1,254.80 Individual/ month* P41.26 Individual/ day* P75,287.85 Family/ year* P6,273.99 Family/ month* P206.29 Family/ day* *Unofficial, self-computed

9. Poverty incidence 2006, NSCB 32.9% or 27.6 million Filipinos are poor. 32.9% of Filipinos earn less than P15,057.57 a year (Y36,557), P1,254.80 a month (Y3,046) and P41.26 a day (Y100.15). 26.9% or 4.6 million Filipino families are poor. 26.9% of families earn less than P75,287.85 a year (Y182,705), P6,273.99 a month (Y15,232.08) and P206.29 a day (Y500.78).

10. Poorest Provinces (2006) NSCB

11. Least Poor Provinces (2006) NSCB

12. Poverty trends NSCB

13. Philippine Poverty Incidence: Families (Percentage) NSCB 45 40 35 30 25 % 20 15 10 5 0 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003

14. Philippine Poverty Incidence: Individuals (Percentage) NSCB 60 50 40 30 % 20 10 0 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003

15. Philippine GNP Growth Rate (%) NEDA Economic Indicators Online

16. Relative Poverty How much income do you make relative to what others make?

17. Income Distribution 2006,NSO

18. Average family income, expenditures and savings per decile 2006, NSO

19. Income Distribution

20. Income Distribution

21. Self-Rated Poverty Do you consider yourself poor?

22. Self-Rated Poverty SWS

23. Self-Rated Poverty Pulse-Asia

24. Self-Rated Poverty Pulse-Asia

25. Summary

26. Basic Needs Deprivation Do you have access to basic needs?

27. Self-Rated Hunger SWS

28. Access to basic needs NSCB

29. Inadequacies at the Elementary Level Source: Basic Education Information System, DepEd

30. Inadequacies at the Secondary Level Source: Basic Education Information System, DepEd

31. Health Personnel by Location Source: Dr. Merceditas Santos-Tuano, former Executive Director, Healthdev Institute

32. Child Delivery Attendants (2003,NDHS)

33. Child Delivery Attendants by Income Quintiles (2003,NDHS)

34. Location of Child Delivery (2003,NDHS)

35. Location of Child Delivery by Income Quintile (2003,NDHS)

36. Quality of Life Deprivation What is the quality of life you are able to lead?

37. National Achievement Test Scores Elementary Average: 59.94% High School Average: 46.64% Source: Basic Education Information System, DepEd

38. Third International Math and Science Survey Grade 4 Test: Philippines ranked 3rd lowest among 25 countries (Japan ranked 3rd highest behind Singapore and Hong Kong) Grade 8 Test: Philippines ranked 6th lowest among 45 countries (Japan ranked 5th highest behind Singapore, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan)

39. Female Life Expectancy2000, PSY

40. Male Life Expectancy2000, PSY

41. Life Expectancy2004, PSY

42. Infant Mortality Rateper 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

43. Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

44. Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

45. Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

46. Maternal Mortality Rateper 100,000 live births; 1996-2000, PSY

47. Maternal Mortality Rateper 100,000 live births; 1995, PSY

48. Human Development Index Income per capita Health Life Expectancy Education Mean Years of Schooling Literacy Rate

49. Human Development Index UNDP 2004

50. Human Development Index UNDP 2004

51. Human Poverty Index UNDP 2004 Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40. Adult illiteracy rate. Population without access to an improved water source. Children underweight for age.

52. Human Poverty Index UNDP 2004

53. Alternative questions for measuring poverty How much income do you make? How much income do you have relative to others? Do you consider yourself poor? Do you have access to basic needs? What is the quality of life you are able to lead?

54. Poverty beyond measurement Poverty as the inability to handle risks Poverty as powerlessness Poverty as social exclusion

55. Outline of the Presentation Poverty Measurements Causes of Poverty Inequality Inflation Weak Human Capital Absence of Employment Opportunities Weak Agricultural Sector Poor Governance

56. Unequal Asset Distribution: Land Distribution 50% of land area 449 Landowners* 30 Landowners* 50% of land area *Ratio and proportion, assumes there are only 479 landowners in the country (based on 1991 Census of Agriculture)

57. Land Distribution 50% of land area 449 Landowners 25% of land area 29 Landowners 1 Landowner 25% of land area *Ratio and proportion, assumes there are only 479 landowners in the country (based on 1991 Census of Agriculture)

58. Inflation: Rice Prices, 2008

59. Measuring Poverty Leland Joseph R. Dela Cruz Development Studies Program slideshare.net/ldelacruz