3. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
In English, we can put important information at
the beginning or at the end of a sentence. There
are two types of important information.
‘Given’ Information - Information that the
listener already knows.
‘New’ Information - Information that is new to
the listener.
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4. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
‘Given’ information normally goes at the
beginning of a sentence.
‘New’ information generally goes at the end of a
sentence.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013
5. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
‘Given’ information normally goes at the
beginning of a sentence.
‘New’ information generally goes at the
end of a sentence.
vrijdag 26 juli 2013
6. ‘Given’ and ‘New Information’
in Sentences
The lecturer is talking about budgeting, so
budgeting in general = given information.
A budget (given) can be short-term, such as
operating budgets. (new)
In this type of budget, (given) day-to-day cash
availability is looked at, for instance. (new)
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7. Giving Sentences a Special
Focus
We sometimes change the normal word order to
emphasize a particular point, e.g., a person, an
object, a time.
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8. Giving Sentences a Special
Focus
Normal sentence
Henry Gantt invented the Gantt chart in the
1990s.
Focusing on person
It was Henry Gantt who invented …
Focusing on Object
It was the Gantt chart which Henry Gantt …
Focusing on Time
It was in the early 1990’s that Gantt ..
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9. Introducing New Information
We can use special structures to introduce a
new topic.
Budgeting is my subject today.
What I’m going to talk about is budgeting.
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10. Introducing New Information
Viability is very important.
What is very important is viability.
Money is the problem.
The reason for the problem is simply money.
Break-even point means where you just cover
your cost.
When you just cover costs, we call that break
even point.
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11. Clarifying Points
When we are speaking, we often have to clarify
points. There are many expressions we can
use.
Examples:
Let me put in another way …
Look at it this way …
What I’m trying to say is …
The point/ thing is …
vrijdag 26 juli 2013