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Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
1. XIV Colore
2018
Color & accessibility
in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca
3. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 3 30
8%1/12
0,4%1/200
350 millions people
Color-blindness & population
4. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 4 30
6. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 6 30
Web Accessibility Initiative
“The power of the Web is in its universality.
Access by everyone regardless of disability
is an essential aspect.”
—Tim Berners-Lee, 1997
7. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 7 30
Design for all
“is design for human diversity, social inclusion and
equality”
—EIDD Stockholm Declaration, 2004
8. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 8 30
Uni-Sign, 2009
Ji-Youn Kim, Soon-young Yang, Hwan-Ju Jeon
www.yankodesign.com
10. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 10 30
In the beginning: London Tube
1919 Red & black
1926 Reginald Percy Gossop: yellow
1928 F. H. Stingemore: full color scheme
1933 Harry Beck: diagrammatic representation
16. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 16 30
Milan Underground, 1964
> Franco Albini & Boob Noorda
> Color as a design driver
> Architecture + graphic design
> A colorful signage design system
21. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 21 30
An experimental evaluation
Universal Design principles
1. High contrast solutions
2. Color is not used alone
3. Sort and differentiate the elements in a describable way
4. Ensure the visibility of the key elements
5. Prefer monochromatic pallets
6. Provide multimodal choices
7. Use patterns and textures
8.Avoid specific color combinations
Qualitative research: quick & dirty user test task based
Subjects: 6 male colorblind users, age 21-54 + control group
22. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 22 30
Maps & Activities
Maps: 8 colored maps
Accessible standard: 1 map (Lisbon)
Accessible version: London’s b/w+textures map
Tasks
1. follow a specific path/destination
2. switch between lines in interchange station
Mesures: Time/failures
Evaluating
Ranking the maps according a legibility/accessibility Likcert scale
Questionnaire
23.
24.
25. Legibility/accessibility
evalutation according to
Universal Design principles
1. High contrast solutions
2. Color is not used alone
3. Sort and differentiate the
elements in a describable way
4. Ensure the visibility
of the key elements
5. Prefer monochromatic pallets
6. Provide multimodal choices
7. Use patterns and textures
8.Avoid specific color combinations
26. Task based user tests on an underground map
Tasks/time of execution/failures/complited tasks
30. Color & accessibility in underground wayfinding and signage design
Letizia Bollini, PhD - Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca 30 30
Next steps
> Testing maps in real environment with a wider number
of experimental subjects
> Evaluating and testing wayfinding systems as a whole
> Introducing digital signage and/or mobile interactive system
> Introducing and evaluating the accessibility according
to WAI 2018 guidelines