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Grammar Book

  Linda Dolhon
Table of Contents
3 El Presente
4Ser y Estar
5Verbos Como Gustar
6    El Pretérito
8 El Imperfecto
El Presente
                   AR                ER                     IR
Yo                 O                 O                      O
Tu                 As                Es                     Es
Ud./El/Ella        A                 E                      E
Nosotros/as        Amos              Imos                   Imos
Vosotros/as
Uds./Ellos/Ellas   An                En                     En
Stem Changing              Irregular yo Forms
~U-ue
~E-ie                      Verbs ending in –cer or –cir change to –zco in the yo
~O-ue                      form; those ending in –ger or –gir change to –jo.
*Nosotros and vosotros
forms do not change.       •conducir conduzco             If there is a prefix
                           • conocer  conduczco           before the verb, it
                           • poner pongo                  is conjugated the
                           • salir  salgo                        same.
                           • exigir (to demand)  exijo
                           • proteger (to protect)  protejo
                                                                                   3
Ser y Estar
Ser                                           Estar
Nationality and place of origin               Location or spatial relationships
Profession or occupation                      Health
Characteristics of people, animals, and       Physical states and conditions
things
Generalizations                               Emotion states
Possession                                    Certain weather expressions
Material of composition                       Ongoing actions (progressive tenses)
Time, date, or season                         Results of actions (past participles)
Where or when an event takes place

Ser is used to express the idea of permanence, such as inherent or unchanging
qualities and characteristics. Estar is used to express temporality, including qualities or
conditions that change with time.

                                  *Estar, not ser, is used
                                     with muerto/a.
                                                                                              4
Verbos Como Gustar
 aburrir, caer, disgustar, diolar, encantar, faltar (lacks), fascinar, hacer falta,
importar, interesar, molestar (to bother), preocupar, quedar (what somesone
                  or something has left), soprender, apetecer



                              Me         Nos
                              Te         Os
                              Le         Les
             *When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in
             the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always
                                     used.

                                                                                      5
El Pretérito
One-time action; definite beginning and end

                  Triggers
                   Un día
                  Una vez
              El año pasado
               Hace un mes
                  El lunes
              El tres de abril
                 A las ocho
                    Ayer
                 Anteayer
                  Anoche
                 Dos veces


                                              6
Andar  aduv-
                                   Conjugation                            Estar  estuv-
                                                                           Tener  tuv-
          Regulares                          -car/-gar/-zar                Caber  cup-
           Regulares
       AR           ER/IR                 Buscar – yo busqué              Haber  hub-
é        amos       í         imos          Jugar – yo jugué              Poder  pud-
                                         Almorzar – yo almorcé             Poner  pus-
aste     asteis     iste      isteis
                                                                           Saber  sup-
ó        aron       ió        ieron                 i-y verbs
                                           leí            leímos          Querer  quis-
                IR/SER                                                  Hacer  hic- (hizo)
                                           leíste        leísteis
       fui         fuimos                                                  Venir  vin-
                                           leyó          leyeron            Decir  dij-
       fuiste      fuisteis
                                           *Caer, creer, oír has           Traer  traj-
       fue         Fueron                 the same conjugation.         Conducir  conduj-
                DAR                                  Stem-changing –ir verbs
       Di          Dimos               pedí           Pedimos       Dormí       Dormimos
       Diste       Disteis             Pediste        pedisteis     Dormiste    Dormisteis
     Dio        Dieron                 pidió          pidieron      durmió      durmieron
*Ver has the same conjugation.
                                                                                              7
El Imperfecto
Ongoing action; Repeated action (used to); no definite beginning and end

                              Triggers
                           Todos los días
                            A menudo
                              A veces
                             Siempre
                             Cada día
                             Los lnues
                          Generalmente
                             Mientras
                         De vez en cuando
                           Muchas veces
                          Frecentemente


                                                                           8
Conjugation
                                   Regulares
                    Aba     Ábamos         Ía    Íamos
                    Abas    Abais          Ías   Íais
                    Aba     Aban           Ía    ían



       IR                            SER                        VER
Iba         Íbamos           Era        Éramos          VeÍa      VeÍamos
Ibas        Ibais            Eras       Erais           VeÍas     VeÍais
Iba         iban             Era        Eran            VeÍa      VeÍan




                                                                            9

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Spanish Grammar Book - LD

  • 1. Grammar Book Linda Dolhon
  • 2. Table of Contents 3 El Presente 4Ser y Estar 5Verbos Como Gustar 6 El Pretérito 8 El Imperfecto
  • 3. El Presente AR ER IR Yo O O O Tu As Es Es Ud./El/Ella A E E Nosotros/as Amos Imos Imos Vosotros/as Uds./Ellos/Ellas An En En Stem Changing Irregular yo Forms ~U-ue ~E-ie Verbs ending in –cer or –cir change to –zco in the yo ~O-ue form; those ending in –ger or –gir change to –jo. *Nosotros and vosotros forms do not change. •conducir conduzco If there is a prefix • conocer  conduczco before the verb, it • poner pongo is conjugated the • salir  salgo same. • exigir (to demand)  exijo • proteger (to protect)  protejo 3
  • 4. Ser y Estar Ser Estar Nationality and place of origin Location or spatial relationships Profession or occupation Health Characteristics of people, animals, and Physical states and conditions things Generalizations Emotion states Possession Certain weather expressions Material of composition Ongoing actions (progressive tenses) Time, date, or season Results of actions (past participles) Where or when an event takes place Ser is used to express the idea of permanence, such as inherent or unchanging qualities and characteristics. Estar is used to express temporality, including qualities or conditions that change with time. *Estar, not ser, is used with muerto/a. 4
  • 5. Verbos Como Gustar aburrir, caer, disgustar, diolar, encantar, faltar (lacks), fascinar, hacer falta, importar, interesar, molestar (to bother), preocupar, quedar (what somesone or something has left), soprender, apetecer Me Nos Te Os Le Les *When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always used. 5
  • 6. El Pretérito One-time action; definite beginning and end Triggers Un día Una vez El año pasado Hace un mes El lunes El tres de abril A las ocho Ayer Anteayer Anoche Dos veces 6
  • 7. Andar  aduv- Conjugation Estar  estuv- Tener  tuv- Regulares -car/-gar/-zar Caber  cup- Regulares AR ER/IR Buscar – yo busqué Haber  hub- é amos í imos Jugar – yo jugué Poder  pud- Almorzar – yo almorcé Poner  pus- aste asteis iste isteis Saber  sup- ó aron ió ieron i-y verbs leí leímos Querer  quis- IR/SER Hacer  hic- (hizo) leíste leísteis fui fuimos Venir  vin- leyó leyeron Decir  dij- fuiste fuisteis *Caer, creer, oír has Traer  traj- fue Fueron the same conjugation. Conducir  conduj- DAR Stem-changing –ir verbs Di Dimos pedí Pedimos Dormí Dormimos Diste Disteis Pediste pedisteis Dormiste Dormisteis Dio Dieron pidió pidieron durmió durmieron *Ver has the same conjugation. 7
  • 8. El Imperfecto Ongoing action; Repeated action (used to); no definite beginning and end Triggers Todos los días A menudo A veces Siempre Cada día Los lnues Generalmente Mientras De vez en cuando Muchas veces Frecentemente 8
  • 9. Conjugation Regulares Aba Ábamos Ía Íamos Abas Abais Ías Íais Aba Aban Ía ían IR SER VER Iba Íbamos Era Éramos VeÍa VeÍamos Ibas Ibais Eras Erais VeÍas VeÍais Iba iban Era Eran VeÍa VeÍan 9