Genetic Engineering Essays

Genetic Engineering Essay
Genetic Engineering
Most people take for granted the food that they consume each and every day will be safe and
nutritious. When they wake up in the morning they do not have to think about getting enough food
to survive the day. In order for the agriculture industry, that produces food and clothing for everyone,
to keep up with our growing population it needs to utilize new technology. Agriculture has to find
ways to produce more crops while many fertile acres of land are lost to development. Many people
who like to eat the food produced would like to do away with genetic engineering; this would lead to
lack of food and increased starvation around the world.
Genetic engineering is the artificial moving of genes from one species to...show more content...
These traits also increase the crop yield because the crops are not competing with weeds or getting
eaten by insects. An increase in yield provides more grain for livestock and exporting. Through these
benefits, genetic engineering is feeding more people with less land, labor, and money.
One example of a genetically alter crop is Roundup Ready soybeans. Roundup Ready soybeans
have been developed by Monsanto to provide farmers with a new method for weed control. Weeds
cause the crops to grow slower and produce less while making harvesting difficult. Roundup Ready
soybeans are genetically changed to be immune to the chemical Roundup that kills all other crops
and weeds. This trait allows farmers to reduce herbicide use while controlling weeds better, reduce
herbicide costs, and use an environmentally friendly herbicide like Roundup. While Roundup Ready
soybeans are the same nutritionally and composition wise as other soybeans, using Roundup instead
of traditional herbicides is much safer on humans and animals. Roundup does not harm water
quality and quickly breaks down in the soil. These and other qualities of Roundup show that
Roundup Ready soybeans not only help to produce more, they also produce more bushels safer than
traditional methods. Using Roundup Ready soybeans will reduce herbicide use by 30%, require
only one spraying per year, and make management of crops much easier. Roundup Ready soybeans
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Genetic Engineering Persuasive Essay
Everyday, we strike to be a better person than who we are today. When we look at all the
successful people in our society such as Bill Gates, Warren Buffet, or even just people from our
daily life, we often hear them saying they have more to learn. Our society values the individuals
who do more and learn more. Some people want to get into the best college; some people want to
be the fastest people on earth; some people want to never get sick, and some people want them all.
In 1927, H.J. Muller demonstrated that genetic could be manipulated under X–ray. Fifty years later,
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer proved the theory of DNA Cloning. At the end of the Twentieth
century, scientists started developing genetic engineering in animals. In early 2000s, more and more
researchers began to modify human DNA on animals. Nowadays, scientists can modify fetus's
genetic during pregnancy. With the progress scientists made in the past century, humankinds
imagined the perfect human would soon become reality. Nevertheless, though there were...show more
content...
But while ethicists and the media constantly re–hash these issues, a small group of scientists and
publicists are working towards an even more frightening prospect: the intentional genetic engineering
of human beings. Just as Ian Wilmut presented us with the first clone of an adult mammal, Dolly, as
a fait accompli, so these scientists aim to set in place the tools of a new techno–eugenics, before the
public has ever had a chance to decide whether this is the direction we want to go in. The publicists,
meanwhile are trying to convince us that these developments are inevitable. Scientists present
different arguments on the safety of human genetic engineering. Many studies based on genetic
engineering on animals show that genetic engineering on human will come with extremely high

The Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering has been a major topic of discussion ever since 'Dolly' the sleep was cloned.
Its raises ethical, moral and religious questions due to the fact it is tampering with the makeup of
organisms, and certain religions believe it is not our right to do this.
Genetic engineering involves the re–arranging of DNA sequences, artificial horizontal gene transfer
and cloning. There has been little progress in the re–arranging of genes in the last several years, due
to the complexity of the problem, as there is no technique developed to analyse the sequence of
DNA quickly. The analysis of E–coli DNA sequence took 12 years!...show more content...
Genetically engineering crops can also increase the shelf life our food, reducing amounts of waste,
as products will keep longer.
Animals can be genetically engineered to contain human genetic disorders, allowing us to carry out
tests on them. This allows us to develop treatments for them that can later be administered to humans.
These advantages seem hopeful, but they are yet to be proven. There are also many consequences
and beliefs that genetic engineering is wrong for moral or religious reasons.
The first disadvantage of genetically engineering crops is the likelihood of genes transferring from
GM (genetically modified) crops to other crops. For example, oilseed rape can cross–pollinate wild
relatives. This would reduce the variation of crops across the world, so if a new plant disease
appeared that attacked that particular form of oilseed rape, then the possibility of some of the crop
having any form of immunity to it is extremely unlikely, as they all have the same genes.
Another disadvantage is any environmental damage would only show several years later, by
which time it is too late. Any gene would have spread too far to be able to trace it all. There aren't
any 100% effective methods of testing the safety of genetically modified crops so it is not possible
to be certain that a crop will have no negative effects on the environment before it is

Human Genetic Engineering Essay
Introduction
What if you could design your child before it was even born? What if you could cut out any life
threatening diseases, make sure that your child is not susceptible to smoking addictions or
alcoholism, and then make your child genius? Would you? Are you asking yourself how this could
be done? Have you ever considered human genetic engineering?
What is Human Genetic Engineering?
Lets start by looking at the cell and the source of heritable traits. We know that all organisms are
made up by cells and that new cells can only spring from existing cells. Cell growth depends upon
the production of new cells and within each cell exists DNA. DNA contains the hereditary
instructions need for each organism to grow and develop. Every...show more content...
Based on those findings, Wilson performed an experiment on a person suffering from
hypercholesterolemia (FH). This certain disease forbids the liver from processing cholesterol.
The procedure consisted of taking a piece of the persons liver and injecting correct copies of the
genes into the flawed liver cells, and placing the piece of liver back into the person. Two years later,
the results showed that the corrected cells were thriving. As a result to the cells, the person had
reduced their cholesterol by twenty percent.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), is another disease that is taking to genetic therapy. If a corrected gene could
somehow enter the cells that line the lungs, it will then start producing the critical proteins that CF
patients need. This has been done, although in small quantities. These results, however, have raised
hopes that sometime in the future, CF may be curable.
The parade of genetically engineered marvels, during the past recent years, has been shocking:
"Flavr–Savr" tomatoes that stay fresher longer; "giant salmon" that grow 37 times faster than the
normal fish; "transgenic" pigs that are injected with human genes which causes them to produce milk
with human protein that prevents blood clotting; and "supermice" injected with rat growth genes
which makes them grow twice their normal size, are just a few.
The goal of genetic engineering is to modify genes in helpful ways, but this

Genetic Engineering of Humans
Human genetic engineering in the world today has become an issue because of its many positive
uses and its probable consequences. There is no denying that it could be incredibly useful for
preventing diseases such as cancer and others before we are even born. But, with this also comes
the ability to give children genes before their born that will give them talent to run faster, jump
higher, use more of their brain that will severly distinguish them from the rest of society. Imagine
growing up and you are the best athlete in your high school, you can out perform anyone you come
against. You are commended on your work ethic but he question that comes up most often is "How
do you do it?" You begin to think...show more content...
The Essay on the post human condition seems to share these fears. Bill McKibben discusses how
simple changes in the way we live have drastically changed our lives forever. For instance Bill
McKibben explained how divorce has become more common and has ruined the sanctity of
marriage forever. Marriage began as 'until death do us part but that is not the case anymore. People
will bail out a marriage at the first bad sign that shows up but in marriage you were supposed to
work your problems.
There is group from Great Britain called the Human Genetic Alert who is standing up for the same
things that Bill McKibben describes. They believe in all the benefits of genetic engineering but they
think that the commercialization of genetics and the technology has advanced too quickly for us to
consider any ethical or social consequences. There is much research proving, that with some work
we will be able to able to prevent most diseases that have plagued human race for years. Picture a
world where we would not have to worry about cancer or heart disease at all because we would be
have the vulnerability in our system fixed. The HGA is determined to make people aware of what
the problems are. The article posted by the group on their website describes ways that genetic
engineering benefits us through gene therapy, and used as preventative medicine. They

Genetic Engineering
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Within a short period of time, genetic engineering has turned into one of the biggest growth areas in
scientific research .It appears regularly in the media although the general public have no idea the
meaning. It is currently one of the most sensitive areas of ethical debate.1
Genetic engineering however is a variety of techniques used to transfer a desirable gene from one
organism to another, where it can be expressed. This means that the required product can be
synthesised within the new organism. Very often these two organisms are totally unrelated species.
The products of genetic engineering are referred to as genetically modified or...show more content...
Genetic material is the same in all cells of the body but differ in which genes are active; hence the
products been made differ. The use of mRNA as a means of isolating the gene therefore narrows
down this problem. Messenger RNA extracted can be incubated with an enzyme reverse transcriptase
which catalyses the conversion of mRNA to DNA. The second stage involves cutting the required
gene for recombination. DNA is a very fragile molecule which can easily be fragmented by
physical means but this occurs randomly. In this case a particular gene is required; in order to cut
out this particular gene from the whole DNA we need precise tools. The enzyme restriction
endonuclease acts like a pair of molecular scissors so that the required gene can be spliced out into
a carrier molecule. The gene can then be cloned to get many copies of the required length of DNA.1 2
The third stage involves joining up the cut out gene into the carrier molecule (vector). In order for
a foreign gene to be incorporated into a cell and to reproduce it must first be combined with a
vector molecule. Two types of vectors are commonly used these are bacterial viruses or phages and
plasmids. These vectors are capable

Genetic Engineering Argumentative Essay
Humans have evolved so much that we now have the ability to speed up this process of evolution
by using genetic engineering to our advantage. Genetic engineering is the process of manually
adding new DNA to an organism. Indeed, there are people who say that genetic engineering is
unethical or even harmful to a person's body. However, I believe that genetic engineering has the
potential for eradicating all disease and for creating superior human beings. One of the benefits of
genetically modifying humans is to eradicate all disease. Genetic engineering will be the "Science
[that is going] to solve some of the worst problems that can happen to people: cystic fibrosis, sickle
cell anemia, Alzheimer's and the many other devastating results that can come out of the random
genetic lottery that is reproduction."(Burningham, 1) In order to cure a disease like cystic fibrosis or
sickle cell anemia one would have to replace the defective genes with healthy genes. Nevertheless,
there are those who believe that curing disease through gene–splicing is immoral. Elon "Musk
[mentioned that...show more content...
Jem began to feel this way about equality after he heard the results of Tom Robinson's court case,
when he realized "It ain't right."(Lee, 284) On the other hand, Jem's father(Atticus) believes that
people are treated unfairly because of their color, he wouldn't think genetic engineering is the
solution to this problem. That is only because Atticus is the type of person tries his "...best to love
everybody."(Lee, 107) However, Jem would tell his father that "If there's just one kind of folks,
why can't they get along with each other? If they alike , why do they go out of their way to despise
each other?"(Lee, 231) Both Jem and I believe that genetic engineering will create the purist form of

Essay about Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering
When we envision our future, we usually imagine a future free of disease and physical sickness, but
have you ever wondered how a disease–free society will be accomplished? In the twenty–first
century our world will be a very different place because of genetic manipulation and engineering.
There are many pros and cons to this debate, but it is undeniable that the effects from the new
revelations in the field of genetics are far–reaching and deep impacting. Genetic engineering is a
radical new technology, one that breaks down fundamental barriers, not only between species, but
also between humans, animals, and plants. By combining the genes of dissimilar and unrelated
species, permanently altering their genetic...show more content...
Mixing the genetic properties of unrelated species carries with is such risks as creating
life–threatening allergic reactions in humans, or more resilient crop pests, weeds, and bacteria
(Hawaleshka).
Uses of these genetically engineered products are just now being done and allowed into our
shared food supply, and now is the time to try to stop it. It is always easier to stop something
when it is first starting than after it becomes established in our mindsets and our economic
system. Now is the time when we are conscious enough to be horrified. We will get more and
more indoctrinated to the genetic engineering ideas until we cannot even remember what it was
like to trust God and have caution about tinkering with such things. I think we should use our
horror well, and now. This issue gets much harder if we wait until it is established, if we accept
their framing that it is a "fait accomplished, and you better get used to it". That disempowers the
very principle of democracy better than any foreign country ever has, and leaves us to be victims
nibbling at the edges of corporate policy, instead of sovereign citizens declaring our vision of the
world we want our shared future to be.
Some see genetic engineering as just more tinkering, but we are crossing species barriers for the
first time, and we really do not know what that looks like, even if we think the risk is small. Just the
genetic engineering process itself brings

The Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay
Outline
I. Thesis statement: The benefits of genetic engineering far outweigh its potential for misuse.
II. Genetic Engineering
A. Definition of Genetic Engineering. (#6)
B. Who invented Genetic Engineering
Gregor Mendel (Christopher Lampton #7)
Thomas Hunt Morgan (Christopher Lampton #7)
III. Benefits of Genetic Engineering
A. Genetic Screening (Laurence E. Karp #4)
B. Gene Therapy (Renato Dulbecco #6)
C. Cloning
D. Genetic Surgery (Christopher Lampton #7)
E. Benefits in Agriculture (David Pimentel and Maurizio G. Paoletti #2)
IV. Potential Problems
A. Ethics–playing God.
B. What can be considered a disease or not.
C. Mutant Army
V. Arguments Against Problems
A. Creation is a gift.
B. All technologies...show more content...
He reasoned that there were certain rules by which these characteristics were inherited. He guessed
that each plant must possess some sort of unit that specified its characteristics. In fact, each must
have two units, one from each parent plant. If the plant inherited two different units, then one would
override the other. This was called the dominant unit, and the one that was overridden was called the
recessive unit. Mendel's theories were not discovered till 1900, and it began the science called
genetics , the study of a physical inheritance. From this name, Mendel's units were changed into
genes.
Another man who contributed greatly to the study of genetics, was an American biologist by the
name of Thomas Hunt Morgan. He studied the ways that characteristics were passed from one
generation of fruit flies to the next. He learned that the genes in fruit flies behaved in the same way
as the genes in pea plants. He also noticed that certain genes were inherited together more often than
random chance should allow.

Mendel's theory was that genes were independent. For example, the fact that a pea plant inherits red
flowers from a parent has no effect on whether it will inherit wrinkled or unwrinkled (Lam 2) skin
from that same parent. However, according to Morgan, the genes were not totally independent.

Argumentative Essay On Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is "the ability to change human nature" (Fukuyama 671), to please parents.
Genetic engineering is a way to change genes of children who have a disease or whose parents
want them to have a certain appearance. When a person is expecting a child or wanting to have a
child, what if they could choose the gender or characteristics. Francis Fukuyama is a director and
professor at Johns Hopkins University. Before the Iraq War he was known as a neoconservative
political party, but now he is a centrist. Before genetic engineering occurred on humans, it started
on plants. Farmers would genetically modify their crops so they could withstand diseases,
weather, and to produce more. Whenever winter would come it would get colder, which causes
more plants to die before they are fully grown and produced, or before they are able to produce
again. Whenever plants die it causes farmers to not be able to make money from selling their
plants, so they have a hard time feeding their families. Scientist started to test on plants like on their
roots and seeds, so they could last during harsh winters and produce faster. Whenever the scientist
figured out how to genetically engineer plants, the new plants were bought, most likely by farmers,
and produce huge amounts of money. Farmers are changing the forms of plants and modernizing
them so they can produce more. Farmers have modernized wild maize/corn because "corn lets their
seeds fall to the ground, where they grow to become the next generation, but modern corn has been
bred to hold onto the kernels so their seeds can be eaten. Without human help, its seeds would not be
able to survive until the next planting" (Hodge 2–3). There has also been testing done on animals
which include trying to clone animals. Dolly, a sheep, is the first ever cloned sheep and animal
ever. After Dolly, "Molly and Polly were two lambs that were not only cloned, but that were
genetically engineered to produce human blood–clotting proteins" (Humber 4). If parents have the
chance to decide what gender their kid would be, would the parents make the decision? When
parents want their kids to look a certain way they will go somewhere and pay the money even if
testing and genetically

Human Genetic Engineering Essay
Genetic engineering is a practice commonly used in food to produce yields of superior size or
quality. Recently this technology has been tested on humans. The human race will now be able to
improve upon itself and their offspring. With this technology disease can be disposed of and normal
people can become better than average. Not all technology needs to be utilized. Genetic engineering
that should not be used in humans unless done to prevent or treat disease until it is fully understood
since the consequences are undetermined and potentially devastating. Human genetic engineering,
HGE, is a new technology been incorporated into modern science where the genes or more
specifically DNA are manipulated within a living person or zygote....show more content...
Preventing sickness is not wrong. The issue occurs when one tries to, as Sandel claims, "reach
beyond health" or "above the norm" ("The Case Against"). Pills and other devices have done this.
For example, David King, a professor at Harvard, recollects when human growth hormone was
marketed towards people with hormone deficiencies. Now it is prescribed to normal short children
(39). Surgery was also originally used for medical uses, but cosmetic surgery is now its own field.
When HGE becomes affordable and safe the public will find use.
Clapper explains germline changes the genes in eggs or sperm ("Human Genetic"). This will modify
any future children. Mitochondrial transfer, a form of germline engineering, is now possible
allowing for three genetically linked parents to a child. Wynne Parry, LiveScience contributor,
describes that it replaces faulty mitochondria with healthy ones from a third party ("Designing Life")
riding the child of mitochondrial diseases from the mother due to old age during pregnancy.
Germline engineering will satisfy few people who have infertility and do not want to use other
methods. Parents can have the same bond between another being without conceiving a child. There
is adoption, but some do not do this since the child will not be genetically linked to them. Clapper
mentions that gamete and embryo donation, or pre–implantation diagnosis and selection can be used
("Human Genetic"). The latter allows for both parents to be related

Genetic Engineering Babies Essay
They say nobody is perfect, but what if there was a way to change that? To have the control over
your unborn baby's traits such as gender, appearance, intelligence, personality and stop risk of
inherited medical diseases before the child is born. In this research report, genetically engineering
babies, the advantages and disadvantages of modifying babies will be explained as well as the
impact it has on society.
The positive effects of engineering babies:
There are many advantages of genetically engineering human babies. One of the main positive
effects is that it can cure diseases and illnesses before the babies is even born. This includes
diseases such as down syndrome, Alzheimer's which affects your memory and can develop as
young as 40 years old, Huntington's diseases, a 'incurable' diseases that alters the way people think
and their behaviour. There is a 50% chance...show more content...
This technology is not 100% safe yet and is banned in 29 countries including New Zealand,
Australia, Canada and brazil. By parents being able to select their child's traits means this could
affect the gene pool, having purposely picked blue eyes means the child will pass on those gene to
future generations and the least popular eye colour may become extinct. Genes also usually have
more than one use for example according to worldpress.com a gene that conrorals intelligence
could also control anger managment meaning the child could be very smart but also have trouble
manging their anger. Gene therapy is also very expensive costing around $50,000 according to
my science teacher but it can veary depending on where it takes place and what you ask for. This
means only the wealthy can afford it and places that aren't so rich will not have engineered babies
and will pass on genetic diseases and not live as long, this could could lead to a decrease in
population in poor countries and an increase in rich

Genetic Engineering
There are many manipulations that humans have done to the environment throughout history in
order to benefit mankind. As technology has increased many of these manipulations have begun to
take place on a larger scale resulting in more drastic changes to the environment. The first
manipulations humans used to benefit themselves were farming and domestication of animals. This
was very basic manipulation to the environment and did not make drastic changes to the
environment. It was not until the industrial revolution that pollution and people's negative effects on
the environment became very apparent. New technology allowed for people to make changes that
could possibly be irreversible upon the environment. With...show more content...
Other methods of Cloning up until Dolly used cloning by splitting embryos to create twins, or
using artificial insemination. One of the downsides to cloning using this method is that the clones
begin to age a lot faster making it impossible to repeat the process by making clones of clones of
clones and so on. The problem arises that because there is less of a DNA strand passed on through
the aged clones, the clones become more susceptible to mutation. Another negative effect of cloning
is the prevention of evolution, in particular the immune system. Through sexual reproduction the
evolved immune system is inherited by the offspring. Clones don't get that new immune system.
This makes clones susceptible to the same germs of the previous generation. "Without sex we'd
soon be toast for germs. And cloned, genetically identical cows would be sitting ducks for
epidemics." (Rantala, 189)
Biological warfare is one of the obviously negative effects of genetic engineering. By manipulating
bacteria or viruses, a biologist can turn relatively harmless virus such as the flu into a deadly virus. If
one of these altered viruses is to be released into the public, the consequences could be hundreds of
times worse than the plagues that have affected humans throughout history. These viruses are so

Genetic Engineering Essay example
Genetic Engineering
There are many risks involved in genetic engineering. The release of genetically altered organisms in
the environment can increase human suffering, decrease animal welfare, and lead to ecological
disasters. The containment of biotechnological material in laboratories and industrial plants
contributes to the risk of accidental release, especially if the handling and storage are inadequate.
The purely political dangers include intensified economic inequality, the possibility of large–scale
eugenic programs, and totalitarian control over human lives. How should the acceptability of these
risks be determined? We argue that the assessment should be left to those who can be harmed by the
decisions in question. Economic...show more content...
If, on the other hand, there is no God, we can only lose a few earthly pleasures by acting as if there
was. Since the happiness and misery we encounter if God exists are infinite, it is always, no matter
how small the probability, in our own best interest to place our trust on His beneficient existence
rather than on the meagre pleasures of godless hedonism.
The ethos of Pascal's wager can be easily applied to genetic engineering. We can either believe or
disbelieve that all living beings have an essence, or nature, which must not, for fear of an unnamed
but absolute horror, be tampered with. As our belief in this essence would only cost us a few
technological advances we can live without, we should not risk drawing upon ourselves the ultimate
punishment by 'playing God' or by otherwise acting 'unnaturally'. (3)
Deontological critics of biotechnology typically argue that the new gene–splicing techniques can
involve acts which should never be performed, whatever the consequences. For a proponent of this
view, the dangerous element in genetic engineering is not the probability of concrete physical or
psychological harm which can ensue from its use, but the likelihood that it can lead people into
performing acts which are categorically forbidden. These acts are in some theories linked with the
essence of humanity, and in others with the concept of absolute rights or

Argumentative Essay On Genetic Engineering
Imagine if we could make disease a thing of the past and extend the average human lifespan past 100
years. With genetic engineering, someday this future could become reality. Genetic engineering can
cure genetic diseases, and extend and empower human life. However, many people have
overestimated and reacted to ethical and safety concerns associated with this new technology.
Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's genetic material. This has been done
worldwide in genetically modified crops, and to a limited extent in animals. In human genetic
engineering, the modification is done in the embryo, altering the traits the child is born with and will
pass on. Laws have been passed in many countries making this illegal. In the U.S., this is a highly
debated and controversial subject, but human genetic engineering is legal.
The human body is not perfect. Mutations in genes cause genetic diseases, which can be crippling
to live with, difficult to diagnose, and even harder to cure. Babies in particular are vulnerable.
According to the Popular Science article, "Infant Possibilities", by Melinda Moyer, genetic diseases
are the leading cause of death in infants. Moyer said that many of these diseases are caused by only
a single gene mutation. They are relatively simple genetically but there are thousands of extremely
rare illnesses around the world. Now, new genetic technology is available from a few companies
that can help parents have a healthy baby, if either parent

Essay On Genetic Engineering In Babies
Genetic engineering in babies is a concept that was developed within the last few decades, and
due to rapid advancements in technology, it is beginning to become more reliable and more
available for prospective parents. Parents will soon be able to choose the gender, eye color, hair
color, and many other options for their unborn child, so that they can have the perfect, designer
child. With the popularity of genetic engineering rising, many people are beginning to question how
the process works, how it can help with diseases, and the ethics behind this new technology. In 1980,
scientists first conducted genetic experiments on mice (A Brief History of Genetic Modification),
and from that moment on the way people saw genetic modification changed. The main way that
genetic engineering works in humans is preimplantation genetic diagnosis, also known as PGD.
According to Fordham, PGD allows parents to see which of the selected embryos contain the traits
that the parents are looking for (1475). PGD was...show more content...
Fordham states "Two examples of purportedly harmful genetic interventions are repeated in the
literature, both of which center around parents with disabilities who want to have a child that shares
their same disability. First, deaf parents might use genetic intervention to have a deaf child. Second,
parents of short stature might use genetic intervention to have a child with achondroplasia" (1476).
Though this would allow the child to be similar to the parent, it could stunt the abilities of the
children. For example, the child born to the deaf parents may be the next Mozart, but they would
never know because they inhibited his or her abilities. The child of the shorter parents could be a
phenomenal basketball player, but would rarely get chosen to play on the team because his or her
height restricts

Selective Breeding And Gene Therapy Essay
Humans have been able to use the principles of DNA replication, gene transfer and gene expression
(as observed in nature) as tools to manipulate specific genes towards preferred outcomes. An
advantage of being able to manipulate genetic therapy is the ability to eliminate/cure genetic disease
/disorders with otherwise no other cure. Humans are able to remove the genes causing the genetic
disorder from the gene pool of populations, allowing organisms to live longer and healthier lives.
Two ways of manipulating genetic transfer which will be explored further in this report are selective
breeding and gene therapy.
The human race has been manipulating genetic transfer for over 10 000 years. We have been using
the same principle of 'natural selection' (selection by the environment for the fittest) to develop
artificial selection also known as selective breeding (selection by humans for the fittest.).
Selective breeding in animals and plants is still carried out by both commercial and hobby breeders
/growers. Selective breeding allows you to be able to breed/grow the exact animal/plant you want,
so they can serve the purpose you want them to. Selective breeding can be used to minimise the
impacts and/or treat genetic disease.
I have chosen to do a case study on cattle about the genetic disorder, Osteopetrosis (marble bone
disease). This disease causes overly dense but brittle bones that shatter easily. If a calf is born with
this disease have deformed skulls with receding lower

To what extent should genetically engineered human embryos be allowed?
You may have not thought about issues that come along with genetics and the genetic makeup of a
human being. This includes but not limited to how your child will look, will the offspring have
your features, the fathers features, or even one of the grandparents' features. This has caused many
stakeholders to debate on whether genetic engineering should be allowed and to what extent.
Meaning, should we be able to design our children based on how we want them to look or to
prevent them from obtaining some detrimental conditions? Most would base their opinions on the
"fun" part of designing your baby and how cool that may seem. In a study by Salah, Yaz, a publisher
for Emaze...show more content...
With the informational facts given overtime most of us can conclude that health is the major issue
that we must focus on for genetic modification, not only for the embryo but for the individual
carrying the embryo or even the society. Health not only includes the embryo's risk of catching a
cold but also obtaining severe genes that may be life threatening such as cancer being passed down
or even HIV/Aids. The society also is something to think about with the health issue, thinking about
if genetic modification of embryos will affect the family's gene pool, other siblings, the embryo as
he or she gets older, and even how the environment surrounding the embryo will act towards he or
she in which can all affect a person's mindset and viewpoint as a whole. Genetic modification must
be addressed for the interest and health of future subjects and risk takers who will actually think
about "building" their babies look and

Genetic Engineering
Many scientists today are all trying to prefect the studies of genetic engineering, also known as
cloning. This has become one of the most popular studies of this decade. Scientist says that with
genetic engineering the human race can live forever. For some people cloning could be the
greatest experiment of all time, but also it could be the most dangerous and harmful experiment
that was ever attempted. Why do we feel the need to clone humans, animals? Should we just let
human live and die just like god intended or should we try to be immortal? As you read on you the
reader decides if genetic engineering is the greatest experiment we ever attempted or should we band
cloning forever.
According to B. Julie...show more content...
DNA is substance that encodes genetic information passed from one generation to the next. By
using DNA scientist are able to cross plants for example crossing pea plants to make different
types of plants. Experimenters can also cross bread in ways that were unimaginable to humans.
For example cross human DNA with a pig, they also crossed DNA strands with a cow and a fish.
Some scientists have been awarded for the strange crossing of DNA strands for having come up
with a way to genetically engineer those uncommon life forms. They also get Pantene for those
weird cross breads like it was an invention. Not all experiments are successful though. Dr. John
Haster a cofounder of an animal biomechanical company of Pennsylvania was never made by
nature. There are very many deformations that animals go through that affect the way they live
and when the animal starts to grow up they go through torture. So why do they keep doing all
these curl experiment on animals will this benefit use in the future? A lot of people are asking
them selves if scientists are trying to play god. To many people who care about humans and are
future say that many scientists are. People say that we should just live and die just like god
intended. The scientist that perform these experiments say that if god wanted that he would never
have gave us this major break through and new ideas to help the human race live longer and
healthier. Dr Edwin Chagaff, professor Emirtitos of biochemistry at Columbia

Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic code by artificial means, and is therefore different
from traditional selective breeding.
Genetic engineering (GE) is used to take genes and segments of DNA from one species, e.g. fish,
and put them into another species, e.g. tomato. To do so, GE provides a set of techniques to cutDNA
either randomly or at a number of specific sites. Once isolated one can study the different segments
of DNA, multiply them up and splice them (stick them) next to any other DNA of another cell or
organism. GE makes it possible to break through the species barrier and to shuffle information
between completely unrelated species; for example, to...show more content...
(New animals created through the process of cross–species gene transfer are called xenographs. The
transplanting of organs across species is called xenotransplantation.) A combination of genetic
engineering and cloning is leading to the development of animals for meat with less fat, etc. Fish are
being genetically engineered to grow larger and more rapidly.
3) Many pharmaceutical drugs, including insulin, are already genetically engineered in the
laboratory. Many enzymes used in the food industry, including rennet used in cheese production, are
also available in genetically engineered form and are in widespread use.
4) Medical researchers are genetically engineering disease carrying insects so that their disease
potency is destroyed. They are genetically engineering human skin9 and soon hope to do the same
with entire organs and other body parts.
5) Genetic screening is already used to screen for some hereditary conditions. Research is ongoing in
the use of gene therapy in the attempt to correct some of these conditions. Other research is focusing
on techniques to make genetic changes directly in human embryos. Most recently research has also
been focused on combining cloning with genetic enginering. In so–called germline therapy, the
genetic changes are passed on from generation to generation and are permanent.
6) In

Genetic Engineering Essays

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