Ucwaningo ngezinguqhuko zolimi. IsiZulu 3B. University of Johannesburg

1. 1
Izinguquko zemisindo uma silwangisa, singwaqazisa nalapho sinkankazisa
Isingeniso
EsiZulwini zintathu izinhlobo zemisindo, onkamisa, osingankamisa kanye nongwaqa.
Kunemithetho kumbe imigomo emisiwe eyalela ukuthi imisindo ilandelana kanjani ukuze
kwakheke igama eliphelele. Le migomo nemithetho ihlaziwa ngaphansi kwesifundo semisindo
esibizwa ngokuthi ifonoloji. Enye yezinto ezibhekwa ngaphansi kwalesi sifundo ukuhlaziwa
kwenguquko yemisindo olimini. Ukuguquguquka kwemisindo olimini lwesiZulu
kungabangwa izinto eziningi, okungaba ukushintsha kwemisindo ukuze izophimiseka
ngendlela evumelekile olimini noma ukususwa kwemisindo ngoba kungavumelekanga ukuthi
ilandelane olimini lwesiZulu. Ziningi izinhlobo zokuguquguquka kwemisindo. Le eseyi
izoxoxa kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezintathu, ukulwangisa, ukungwaqazisa kanye nokunkankazisa.
Izobe igxile kakhulu ekuhlolisiseni izinguquko zemisindo ezenzeka ngaphansi kwalezinhlobo
zontathu esiZulwini.
Ukulwangisa
Ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo sibheka imisindo ebizwa ngokuthi ongwaqa. Esizulwini
kunezinhlobo eziningi zemisindo ebizwa ngokuthi ongwaqa. Kodwa, ukulwangisa uhlobo
lwenguquko lapho imisindo ebizwa ngokuthi ondebembile nonsinini iphenduka iba
ngolwangeni. U (Khumalo, 1987, p. 158) uchaza ukulwangisa njengoshintsho olwenzeka
emisindweni lapho imisindo engondebembili nengonsinini ishintsha iba ngolwangeni
abazovumela ukuthi amagama abizeke ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene. Ngokuka (Cooke,
2013, p. 112), imisindo ebizwa ngokuthi ondebembili nebizwa ngokuthi onsinini ilena
elandelayo
Ondebembili-/p/ph/bh/b/m/mp/mb/.
Onsinini-/t/nt/th/d/nd/n/.
Okungaphawuleka ngokulwangisa esiZulwini ukuthi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezintathu.
Kwenzeka uma sinciphisa amabizo, uma senza ondaweni nalapho senza impambosi
yokwenziwa. Kanti futhi no (Cooke, 2013, p. 112) ukuvezile ukuthi zintathu izimo eziholela
ekutheni kulwangiswe. Uthi yilapho kumele sifake isakhi sokunciphisa u-/ana/, isakhi
sikandaweni u-/ini/ nalapho sifaka isakhi sempambosi yokwenziwa u-/wa/. Ukwethayisela
kulokhu esekushiwo ngenhla, ngokuka (Khumalo, 1987, p. 158) kusemqoka ukuthi

2. 2
kugcizelelwe ukuthi lezinguquko zenzeka uma umsindo ongundebembili noma ongunsinini
eza ngaphambi komsindo wokugcina egameni.
Izimo ukulwangisa okwenzeka ngaphansi kwazo
Ukunciphisa amabizo
Uma sinciphisa amabizo enelunga lokugcina elingundebembili noma unsinini, yilapho sithola
khona lolu hlobo luphenduka luba ngolwangeni. Isizathu sokuthi lemisindo iphenduke kusuke
kuyikho ukuthi sizokhona ukuyiphimisa ngendlela nokuthi kuqikelelwe ukuthi imisindo
ilandelana ngokuyikho. Kwazise, ezinye zezinhloso zefonoloji ukuhlolisisa nokuhlaziya ukuthi
ngakube imisindo iphinyiswa nokuthi ilandelana ngokuyikho. Kusemqoka ukuthi sikugcizelele
ukuthi kunobuhlobo phakathi kwemisindo engondebembili nengonsinini naleyo ephenduka ibe
yibo mangabe kulwangiswa. Ngakho-ke, uma imisindo iguquka iba ngolwangeni ayimane nje
ibe nanoma imuphi ulwangeni kodwa kuba khona ubuhlobo obuthile obusinikeza okusancazelo
esikhombisa ukuthi kungani lowomsindo uguquke ngaleyo ndlela. Ukusekela lombono,
umsindo u-/m/ ungundebembili esithi uma simuphimisa kube ngathi sivale amakhala lokhu
okumenza abe umankankane. Kanti uma silwangasi uphenduka abe u-/ny/. Uma sibheka
ubuhlobo phakathi kwalemisindo siyathola ukuthi u-/ny/ naye ongumankankani lokho
okuqinisa ubuhlobo no-/m/ ngoba naye ungumankankane. Ukuveza kabanzi isibonelo
samagama onomsindo u-/m/ uma elwangiswa singabheka igama elithi umthamo, uma
silinciphisa liphenduka lisebenzise ulwangeni ongu-/ny/ umthanyana,
isibhamu- isibhanyana.
Kanti futhi umsindo ongunsinini ubuye futhi abe ngumankankane u-/n/ uma silwangisa
uphenduka abe ulwangeni ongu-/ny/. Kunobuhlobo phakathi kwalemisindo ngoba yomibili
ingomankankane. Ukubonisa ngezibonelo uma silwangisa amagama enomsindo u-/n/
singabheka igama elithi umkhono, uma silinciphisa liphenduka liguquka lisebenzise ulwangeni
ongu-/ny/ umkhonyana,
isilwane- isilwanyana.

3. 3
Ukwethayisela, umsindo ongundebembili u-/m/ nomsindo ongunsinini u-/n/ uma silwangisa
iphenduka ibe ngulwangeni ofanayo ongu-/ny/. Nakhona phakathi kwalemisindo yomibili
kunobuhlobo ngoba iyimisindo ephinde yaziwe ngokuthi ingomankankane.
Uma sibheka imisindo engondebembili nemisindo engonsinini okuthi uma sinciphisa amabizo
ayo iphenduke ithathe olwangeni abafanayo nakuyo kunobuhlobo. Umsindo ongundebembili
u-/p/ nomsindo ongunsinini u-/t/ uma sinciphisa amagama iphenduka isebenzise ulwangeni
ofanayo ongu-/tsh/. Isibonelo,
ipipi – ipitshana
isiketi- isiketshana.
Okungaphawuleka ngobuhlobo kulemisindo ukuthi yomibili u-/p/ no-/t/ iyimisindo ephinde
yaziwe ngokuthi ingomadubula. Kanti futhi ubuhlobo obufanayo sibuye sibuthole phakathi
kwemisindo ongondebembili u-/ph/bh/mb/ nemisindo ongonsinini u-/th/d/nd. Yonke
lemisindo ngokulandelana kwayo njengoba ibhaliwe ngenhla uma sinciphisa amagama
iphenduka isebenzise olwangeni u-/sh/j/nj/. Isibonelo, uphaphe-uphashana, uqotho –uqoshana,
isiklabhu- isiklajana, igolide- igolijana, isamba- isanjana, ikhanda- ikhanjana.
Okungaphawuleka ngobuhlobo phakathi kwalemisindo engondebembili nengonsinini ukuthi
yonke iyimisiindo ephinde yaziwe ngokuthi ingomadubula. Ukwengeza, uma silwangisa
umsindo ongundebembili u-/ph/ nomsindo ongunsinini u-/th/ iguquka isebenzise ulwangeni
ofanayo ongu-/sh/. Isibonelo, isithupha- isithushana, isitha- isishana Phakathi kwalemisindo
bukhona ubuhlobo esingathi bucashile, yomibili lemisindo inomsindo ophuma le phakathi
emphinjweni owaziwa ngokuthi ungugovana ongenazwi u-/h/. Kanti futhi noma silwangisa
isaphinda ibangulwangeni onomsindo ongugovana u-/h/.
Kanti futhi umsindo ongundebembili u-/bh/ uma silwangisa uphenduka abe ngulwangeni u-/j/.
Umsindo ongnsinini u-/d/ uma silwangisa uphenduka abe ngulwangeni u-/j/ nomsindo
ongunsinini u-/nd/ uma silwangisa uphenduka abe ngulwangeni u-/nj/. Uma siyibheka
lemisndo kunobuhlobo phakathi kwayo, yonke inezwi. Lokhu kusasikhombisa khona ukuthi
uma kulwangiswa kunobuhlobo phakathi kwemisindo engondebembili nonsinini nolwangeni
ephenduka ibe yibo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okusemqoka ngenguquko yemisindo etholakala uma
kuncishiswa amagama anelunga lokugcina elingundebembili noma unsinini, ukuthi noma
iphenduka iba ngolwangeni kodwa isakhi sesinciphiso esiphazamiseki. Ngakho-ke noma
kulwangiswa ekugcineni kwegama siyasithola isakhi sesinciphiso esingu-/ana/.

4. 4
u (Khumalo, 1987, p. 158) ugcizelela ukuthi ikahle kahle ukulwangisa kubangelwa amaqoqo
amane emisindo, u-/i/ no /y/, u-/e/ no /y/, u-/u/ no /w/ kanye no-/o/ no /w/. Uveza ukuthi umsuka
wokulwangisa uma sinciphisa iwo wona lo. Ngoba uma sinciphisa amagama aba ngalendlela,
ipipi+ana = ipipyana
uphaphe+ana+ uphaphyana
isigubhu+ana= isigubhwana
Ngoba lendlela imisindo elandelana ngayo ngenhla ayivumelekile esizulwini kube
sekushintshwa osingankamisa u-/w/ no /y/ beba ngolwangeni kubhekwa ukuthi umsindo
okuyiwona oza ngaphambi komsindo wokugcina ungundebembili noma unsinini.
Ukwenza ondaweni
Imisindo engondebembili nengonsinini iphinde iguquke ibe ngolwangeni uma senza ondaweni.
Njengokusho kuka (Sibanda, 2009, p. 46), okusemqoka ngenguquko yemisindo ngaphansi
kwalesi simo sokulwangisa ukuthi akusiwona wonke amagama agcina ngelunga
elingundebembili noma unsinini avumayo ukuguquka, amanye asebenzise imisindo
engondebembili nengonsinini ayenzeki lenguquko. Ukwenza isibonelo, igama elinondebembili
elithi isithebe, uma senza undaweni liguquka lithi esithebeni. Akuvumelekile ukuthi leli gama
silenze undaweni sisebenzise ulwangeni sithi esithetsheni. Kanti futhi nalawa alandelayo
awaguquki,
izipho- eziphweni
ikhanda- ekhandeni
umuntu- emuntwini
inkotha- enkotheni
Akuvumelekile ukuthi singasebenzisa olwangeni uma senza odwaweni kulamagama. Uma
sibenzisa olwangeni lamagama angenhla angeke aphimiseka ngendlela ngoba azoba kanje,
Izipho- ezisheni
Ikhanda- ekhanjeni
Umuntu- emuntshini
Inkotha- enkosheni

5. 5
Ngakho-ke ukubukeza umsebenzi wefonoloji, izinguquko zemisindo uma kulwangiswa
kubalulekile ukuthi kuqikelelwe ukuthi akugcini kusetshenziswa olwangeni ngoba belotshiwe
kwithebula kodwa kubhekwa ukuthi imisindo ibizeka ibuye ilandelane ngokuyikho. Nokho,
akhona namagama anelunga lokugcina elingundebembili noma unsinini okuthi uma silwangisa
aguquke asebenzise olwangeni. Isibonelo, isithembu- esithenjini, umkhumbi- emkhunjini,
impuphu- empushini. Ubuhlobo esibutholayo phakathi kwalemisindo busefana nalobu
esibudalule ngenhla uma senza izinciphiso. Kodwa, uma silwangisa ngaphansi kwalesi simo
okuphawulekaya ngenguquko yemisindo ukuthi imisindo engonsinini ayiguquki ibe
ngolwangeni. Kanti futhi ayinawo umthetho omisiwe ukuthi amagama aguquka asebenzise
muphi umsindo. Kunalokho uma senza undaweni sisebenzisa amagama anelunga lokugcina
lingunsinini, igama liguquka lisebenzise umsindo ozovumela ukuthi kwenzeke undaweni kanti
futhi liphimiseke ngokuyikho.
Ukwenza impambosi yokwenziwa
Ukulwangisa siphinde sikuthole lapho sisuke senza ondaweni emagameni agcina ngamalunga
engondebembili nangonsinini. Okungaphawuleka ngokulwangisa phansi kwales simo ukuthi
kusetshenziswa amagama awucezu lwenkulumo olwaziwa ngokuthi isenzo ukwenza
impambosi yokwenziwa. Nokho, yize kulwangiswa amagama agcina ngelunga
elingundebembili noma unsinini, kodwa onsinini abavumi ukuguquka babe ngolwangeni.
Isibonelo, khanda- khandwa
yona-yonwa
khotha- khothwa
Akwenzeki ukuthi uma senza impambosi yokwenziwa sigcine sesibiza ngalendlela,
khanda- khanjwa
yona- yonywa
khotha- khoshwa.
Uma senza impambosi yokwenziwa emagameni enelunga lokugcina elingundebembili
uyaguquka asebenzise imisindo engolwangeni. Isibonelo, khomba- khonjwa, hloma- hlonywa,
xubha- xujwa. Ukwethayisela kulokho esekudalulwe ngenhla, okugqamile ngenguquko
eyenzeka uma senza impambosi yokwenziwa ukuthi wonke amagama uma eshintsha

6. 6
esebenzisa usingankamisa u-/w/. Nalapha ubuhlobo phakathi kwemisindo busefana nalobo
esibudalule ngenhla uma senza izinciphiso.
Ukungwaqazisa
Ukungwaqazisa kwenzeka uma onkamisa belandelana egameni bephenduka osingankamisa u-
/w/, /y/, /h/ /hh/. Ukwethayisela, u (Sibanda, 2009, p. 40) uveza ukuthi ukungwaqazisa
inguquko lapho unkamisa ophezulu u-/i/ ephenduka eba ngusingankamisa u/y/, nalapho
unkamisa u-/u/ ephenduka eba ngusingankamisa u-/w/. Uphinde ugcizelela ukuthi kusemqoka
ukuthi kuvezwe ukuthi ukungwaqazisa kwenzeka uma unkamisa u/i/ no /u/ beza kuqala uma
kulwangiswa ngoba uma beza ngemuva kusengenzeka ukuthi labo nkamisa balumbane.
Ziningi izizathu eziholela ekutheni kugcine ngungwaqazisiwe. Ngokuka (Sabelo, 1990, p. 13)
esinye sezizathu eziholela ekutheni singwaqazise amagama sisuke senza imvumelwano
yongumnini emabizweni ngokuhluka kwawo. Nokho, uyakudalula ukuthi akusiwo wonke
amabizo avumayo ukungwaqaziswa uma kwenziwa imvumelwano yongumnini kodwa
kungwaqaziswa lawo imvumelwano yebizo kungunkamisa. Isibonelo, isigaba 1- umuntu,
imvumelwano –u-/u/, uma senza imvumelwano yongumnini kulesi sigaba sihlanganisa
imvumelwano yebizo okungu-/u/ kanye nesakhi songumnini u-/a/ okuzosikhiphela u-/wa/.
Umuntu u+a= wami.
Ngokusebenzisa indlela yethebula lika (Sabelo, 1990, p. 14), ezinye zezibonelo
zokungwaqazisa uma sakha imvumelwano yonguminini zingaba kanje,
Isigaba nebizo Imvumelwano
yebizo
Isakhi
songumnini
Imvumelwano
yongumnini
Isibonelo
4. Imizi i a ya Imizi yami
3. Umuthi u a wa Umuthi wami
10. Inja i a ya Inja yakhe
Uma sibheka lenguquko eyenzeka ngaphezulu uma kunqwaqaziswa, kusemqoka ukugcizelela
ukuthi kunobuhlobo phakathi konkamisa nosingankamisa abaphenduka babe yibo ngalenkathi
singwaqazisa. Isibonelo, unkamisa u-/i/ uphezulu, uphambili, akadilingene. Uma senza
imvumelwano yongumnini uphenduka abe usingankamisa u/y/ kanti naye uphezulu
akadilingene uphambili. Kanti futhi uma sibheka unkamisa u-/u/ ungunkamisa ophezulu

7. 7
esemuva odilingene okuthi uma senza imvumelwano yongumnini aphenduke usingankamisa
u-/w/ naye odilingene, osemuva ophezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma singwaqazisa onkamisa
abashintshi nje babe nanoma imuphi usingankamisa kodwa kunobuhlobwana obusinika
okusancazelo ngokuthi kungani beshintsha ngalendlela. Nokho, empeleni uma senza
imvumelwano yongumnini akusiwo amabizo enemvumelwano engunkamisa kuphela
aphenduka abe ngusingankamisa. Isibonelo, amabizo aku
isigaba 11-uluthi, lu+a= lwami,
isigaba 15-ukufa, ku+a= kwami
Nakhona kulezibonelo ezingenhla, kusemqoka ukuthi sikudalule ukuthi onkamisa
abalandendela ongwaqa kwimvumelwano yebizo banomthelela enguqukweni eba khona uma
singwaqazisa. Kwazise, uma unkamisa ephezulu, usemuva, edilingene eyophenduka abe
ngusingankamisa ephezulu, esemuva odilingene.
Ngokuka (Sibanda, 2009, p. 40), esinye sezizathu eziholela ekutheni singwaqazise sisuke senza
imvumelwano kamenzi. Imvumelwano kamenzi siyenza ngokuhlanganisa imvumelwano
yebizo kanye nesiqu sesenzo. Isibonelo, emushweni othi umalume wakha indlu. Imvumelwano
yebizo elithi umalume u-/u/, kodwa uma sesenza imvumelwano kamenzi kuba kanje:
Umalume- u+akha indlu – Umalume wakha indlu
Umthunzi- u+ehla entshonalanga- Umthunzi wehla entshonalanga
Okungaphawuleka ngezinye zezizathu eziholela ekutheni sigcine singwaqazisile sisuke senza
undaweni. Kodwa nalapha umthelela obangwa ubuhlobo phakathi konkamisa kanye
nosingankamisa siyawuthola. Ngoba uma ibizo ligcina ngonkamisa ophezulu, osemuva,
odilingeni u-/u/ uphenduka abe usingankamisa uphezulu, odilingene, osemuva u-/w/.
Isibonelo:
e-muntu+ini= emuntwini
e-zisu+ini= eziswini
Yize kuba nezinguquko eziba khona kodwa kuwo wonke amagama angondaweni sithola isakhi
sikandaweni u-/e/ esiba ekuqaleni. Ngaphezulu besisabonise izinguquko eziba khona uma
unkamisa u-/u/ no-/i/ bephenduka beba u-/w/ no-/y/. Kodwa ngokuka (Sibanda, 2009, p. 43),
akusibona bodwa onkamisa abangwaqaziswayo laba. Uveza ukuthi siyakwazi ukubona
unkamisa u-/o/ eguquka eba usingankamisa u-/w/ uma kwakhiwa undaweni. Isibonelo:

8. 8
e-sonto+eni= esontweni
e-xoxo+eni= exoxweni
Kodwa okuphawulekayo ukuthi uma kwenziwa ondaweni ngamagama agcina ngo-/o/, uma
sekulwangiswa kusasetshenziswa usingankamisa u-/w/ kodwa isijobelelo siyashintsha kube u-
/eni/. Noma kunjalo, kodwa ubuhlobo obufanayo phakathi konkamisa nosingankamisa
busafana, u/o/ usemuva kanti futhi udilingene nosingankamisa u-/w/ usemuva kanti futhi
udilingene. Lokhu kusagcizelela kona ukuthi kukhona ubuhlobo phakathi konkamisa
nalabosingankamisa eguquka ibe yibo.
Ngokuka (Schryver, 2002, p. 202) khona olunye uhlobo lokungwaqazisa lapho sisuke
sisebenzisa isiqalo samabizo akusigaba 17 ukwenza undaweni wamabizo akusigaba 9. Nokho,
amabizo afana nalawa isikhathi esiningi kusuke kungamagama ehloniphekile emphakathini.
Isibonelo,
Ku+ Inkosi =kwiNkosi
Ku+ induna= kwiNduna
U (Schryver, 2002, p. 218) uveza ukuthi enye indlela yokungwaqazisa ukuze kwenzeke
undaweni kungasetsheswa imvumelwano kandaweni yamabizo akusigaba 17 u-/kwa/. Lokhu
okugcina sekusikhiphila undaweni ngalendlela,
Sindlule kwaHadebe izolo
Ngaphezulu sike sakudalula ukuthi kuyenzeka ukuthi onkamisa uma belandelane baphenduke
usingankamisa u-/hh/. Isibonelo, i-apula= ihhabhula. Nokho, esingakuphawula ukuthi
amagama angwaqaziseka ngalolu hlobo imvamisa kusuke kungamagama obolekwe kwezinye
izilimi.
Ukunkankazisa
Ukunkankazisa uhlobo lwenguquko yemisindo lapho imisindo eyaziwa ngokuthi ongwaqa
iphenduka iba ngumankankane u-/n/. Le nguquko yemisindo yenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo
ezinhlanu. Yenzeka uma senza amagama esigaba 9, uma senza amagama akusigaba 10, uma
senza ubuningi bamagama akusigaba 11, uma senza amabizonto nalapho senza
amabizontomuntu. Ngokuka (Khathi, 1989, p. 230) umangabe kunkankaziswa nazi izinguquko
ezenzakalayo emisindweni,

9. 9
N+ph= mp
N+ kh= nk
N+ th= nt
N+ ch= nc
N+qh =nq
N+ b= mb
Ukubukeza nje lenguquko eyenza ngenhla, uma sinkankazisa ompheshethwa balahlekela
umoya kwazise uma siqeda kunkankazisa kulahleka umsindo ongugovana u-/h/. U (Khathi,
1989, p. 237) uveza enye inguquko enzeka uma kunkankaziswa. Usivezela ukuthi
ongwaqamfuthwa emva kokunkankaziswa baphenduka babe ngosiqinisomfuthwa kanje:
N+s = ns
N+ z= nz
N+hl= nhl
N+dl= ndl
N+ f= mf
N+ v= mv
N+ sh= ntsh
U (Khathi, 1989, p. 231) ugcizelela ukuthi enye yezinguquko ezenzeka uma kunkankaziswa
ukuthi imisindo eyaziwa ngokuthi ongwaqabathwa abangenazwi iphenduka ongwaqabathwa
abanezwi ngalendlela:
N+ x= ngx
N+ ngc
N+ q= ngq
Yonke le nguquko yemisindo esisiyibone ngenhla yenzeka kuzo zonke izimo okunkankaziswa
ngaphansi kwazo, kuya ngokuthi igama elinkankaziswayo ligcina ngaliphi ulunga. Kungaba
ukuthi igcina ngompheshethwa, omfuthwa, ondebezinyo, ondebembili noma ongwaqabathwa.

10. 10
Izimo esinkankazisa ngaphansi kwazo
Amabizo akusigaba 9
Okungaphawuleka ngenguquko yemisindo uma senza amabizo akusigaba 9 ukuthi u-/n/
kunokwenzeka ashintshe abe ngu-/m/ . Lolu shintsho lwenzeka kuphela uma ngabe umsindo
ozolandela u-/n/ kungundebembili noma undebenzinyo. Isibonelo: amagama ongundebembili
angaguquka ngalendlela elandelayo,
N+Phoqa= impoqo
N+phatha= impatho
N+phendula= impendulo
Okusobala ngalenguquko eyenza ngenhla uma sinkankazisa sakha amabizo esigaba 9, ukuthi
kulahleka ugovane okungu-/h/ okwenza umsindo kungabe kusaba umpheshethwa kodwa
baphenduka umadubula okungu-/mp/. Namagama asebenzise undebezinyo aguquleka
ngokufana uma senza amabizo akusigaba 9. Ngoba umsindo usuke uzolandela
kungundebezinyo u-/n/ uphenduka abe ngu-/m/. Isibonelo:
N+Fuya= imfuyo
N+funda= imfundo
N+vela= imvelo
Ngokwesifundo semisindo esaziwa ngokuthi ifonoloji, awukho umthetho omisiwe
ongasichazela ukuthi kungani kumele sibe nalezi zinguquko ngaphandle nje kokuthi eminye
imisindo ayivumelekile ukuthi ilandelane esizulwini ngakho-ke lezi nguquko zenzelwa ukuthi
imisindo izolandelana ngokuyikho ukuze izobizeka ngokuyikho. Nokho, akusiwona wonke
amabizo angena ngaphansi kwesigaba 9 emva kokunkankaziswa. Amanye amabizo angena
ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba asuke kungamabizo uwusigaba 9 ngokwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo,
singadalula ibizo elifana nelithi imvu. Yize kunomankankane u-/m/ kodwa leli gama
alinkankaziswanga.
Uma sakha amabizo akusigaba 9 sisebenzisa amagama angomfuthwa, ukubonisa inguqoko eba
khona eholela ekutheni igama ligcine selisebenzise usiqinisomfuthwa singasebenzisa
lezibonelo;
N+ zonda= inzondo

11. 11
N+ sebenza= insebenzo
N+hleba= inhlebi
Uma sakha amabizo akusigaba 9 sisebenzisa amagama angongwaqabathwa, ukubonisa
inguquko ebakhona uma amabizo ephenduka ongwaqabathwa abanezwi singasebenzisa
lezibonelo,
N+ceba= ingcebo
N+xoxa= inxoxo
Ukwethayisela, uma sakha amabizo akusigaba 9 sisebenzisa amagama angompheshethwa,
ukubonisa ushintsho oluba khona uma sesinkankazisa lapho ompheshethwa belahlekelwa
umoya singasebenzisa lezi zibonelo,
N+khotha= inkothi
N+thanda= intando
Amabizo akusigaba 10
Ngaphambi kokudalula izinguquko ezibakhona umasenza lamabizo, kusemqoka ukuthi
sikusho ukuthi amabizo atholakala kulesi sigaba amabizo awubuningi bamabizo akusigaba 9
nakusigaba 11. Nakhona kulamabizo, uma ngabe igama lingundembili noma undebezinyo
umankankane u-/n/ uphenduka umankankane u-/m/. Isibonelo:
Izin+phila= izimpilo
Izin+fihla= izimfihlo
Kanti futhi inguquko efanayo esiyiveze uma senza amagama akusigaba 9 uma sinkankazisa
amagama ongomfuthwa, ongwaqabathwa, ompheshethwa yenzeka ngokufana.
Okungaphawuleka ngoshintsho lwemisindo uma kwenziwa amabizo akusigaba 10 ukuthi
kuphongozwa isiqalo sesigaba 10 u-/izin/ sona esibonisa ukuthi amagama asebuningini.
Isibonelo,
Izin+kholwa= izinkolo
Izin+xoxa=izingxoxo
Izin+hlola= izinhloli

12. 12
Amabizo awubuningi besigaba 11
Okusemqoka ukuthi kwaziwe ngaphambi kokuthi sibonise izinguquko zemisindo uma
sinkankazisa lamagama ukuthi, lamagama yize ewubuningi besigaba 11 kodwa angena
ngaphansi kwesigaba 10 ngoba isiqalo sawo u-/izin/. Inququko eyenzeka ngaphansi kwalesimo
sokunkankazisa eyefana nale eyenzeka uma senza amabizo akusigaba 10. Okuhlukile nje
ukuthi imvumelwano yalamabizo u-/lu/, kodwa uma sesinkankazisa siyamulahla ukuze
amagama ezobizeka ngokuyikho. Ubuningi balamagama buvela ngokuthi kuphongozwe
isiqalo samagama akusigaba 10 u/izin/ okugcina businika ubuningi begama ubunye balo
obungena ku 11. Isibonelo,
U(lu)thi- izinti
U(lu)nyawo- izinyawo
Okungaphawuleka nje ngenguquko yemisindo kulamabizo ukuthi uma kunkankaziswa eminye
imisindo siyayilahla singabe sisayifaka ebuningini ukuze igama lizokwenza umnqondo.
Amabizonto
Ngokuka (Hlongwane, 1994, p. 120) amabizonto asuselwa ezenzweni kanti futhi angamabizo
ezinto ezithile. Ukubukeza lombono amabizonto akheka ngokusebenzisa isiqu sesenzo.
Okungaphawuleka ngamabizonto ukuthi uma akhiwa onkanye emva kokunkankazisa angena
ngaphansi kwezigaba ezehlukene. Lokhu kuya ngokuthi isiphi isiqu sesenzo. Kanti futhi
okumqoka kakhulu ukuthi emva sekunkankazisiwe igama kumele lenze umqondo, libizeke
ngokuyikho kanti futhi nemisindo ilandelane ngokuyikho. Ngakho-ke ngeke sathi kukhona
isigaba esithile amabizonto angena ngaphansi kwaso. Ukwethayisela, u (Hlongwane, 1994, p.
121) uyakugcizelela ukuthi amabizonto awahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezithile kodwa ngomqondo
awuqukethe.
Uma kwakhiwa amabizonto, kuqalwa ngokuphongozwa isiqalo sebizo esifanele lokhu
okuzokwenza ibizo lithathe isigama esifanele. Uma sekuphongozwe isiqalo esifanele, kube
sekususwa umsindo wokugcina kwesiqu sesenzo kufakwe umsindo kumbe unkamisa u-/o/.
Isibonelo,
Isigaba nesiqalo Isiqu sesenzo Isakhi sebizonto u-
/o/
ibizonto
9.I(N)- thanda o intando

13. 13
7. Isi- xhubha o isixhubho
9. I(N)- fuya o imfuyo
10. Izi(N)- qhuba o izingqubo
Uma sibheka lezibonelo ezingenhla kwithebula, siyayithola inguquko yemisindo. Isibonelo
sokuqala, umsindo owaziwa ngokuthi umpheshethwa elahlekelwa umoya kwazise uma siqeda
kunkankazisa kulahleka umsindo ongugovana u-/h/. Kanti futhi kwengezeka nomsindo
ongumankankane u-/n/. Kanti futhi nesibonelo sesithathu, umsindo owaziwa ngokuthi
umfuthwa uphenduka usiqinisomfutha u-/mf/. Isibonelo sokugcina siyathola inguquko lapho
umsindo ongungwabathwa ongenazwi ephenduka eba ngungwaqabathwa onezwi. Kodwa-ke
nokho akusiwona wonke amabizonto okuthi uma akhiwa asebenzise umsindo
ongumankankane. Bheka isibonelo sesibili ngenhla, leli-bizonto lakhiwe ngokufana namanye
amabizo kusebenziswe isiqalo sebizo, isiqu sesenzo kanye nesakhi samabizonto u-/o/. Kodwa
emva kokuthi lakhiwe alisiniki umankankane. Ngakho-ke singasonga ngokuthi akusiwona
wonke amabizonto esingathi ankankazisisiwe. Kunalokhu, uma sibheka izinguquko eziba
khona singathi amabizonto ankankazisiwe engana ngaphansi kwesigaba 9,10,1,3, nesigaba 4.
Amabizomuntu
Njengamabizonto, namabizomuntu esuselwa esenzwini. Uma siwakha sisebenzisa isiqu
sesenzo. Lolu hlobo lamabizo, amabizo akhomba abantu. Okuphawulekayo ngamabizomuntu
ukuthi ehlukene. Ngokuka (Hlongwane, 1994, p. 109) amabizomuntu ahlukene ngezindlela
akhiwa ngayo kanti futhi nangendlela avela ngayo kumbe umqondo wawo. Nokho,
amabizomuntu akhombisa ukuthi kunkankazisiwe akheka ngokuthi kuphongozwe isiqalo
sebizo esifanelekile, isiqu sesenzo bese kususwa unkamisa wokugcina kwisiqu sesenzo
kufakwe unkamisa u-/i/. Isibonelo,
Isigaba nesiqalo Isiqu sesenzo Unkamisa u-/i/ ibizomuntu
Um- cula i umculi
I(N)- hleba i inhlebi
Aba- thanga i abathengi
Okungaphawuleka ngalezibonelo ezingenhla ukuthi akusiwona wonke amabizomuntu okuthi
mayeqeda kwakhiwa asebenzise umankankane. Ngokho-ke, n njengamabizonto ngeke

14. 14
sathiwonke amabizonto akheka ngokuthi kunkankaziswa kodwa singaphawula isigaba lapho
amabizomuntu angena ngaphansi kwazo singathi akheka ngokunkankazisa. Njengesigaba
sokuqala, esesishiyagalo lunye, neseshumi.
Isiphetho
Le eseyi engenhla ibidingida izinhlobo ezintathu zokuguquka kwemisindo. Ukulwangisa,
ukungwaqazisa nokunkankazisa. Zonke lezi zinguquko ezixoxwe ngaphezulu singazifaka
esibayeni esisodwa esingathi isifundo semisindo esibizwa ngefonoloji. Singasho ukuthi
ziningi izinguquko ezenzakalayo esiZulwini ngaphansi kwezimo ezehlukene. Kodwa, lonke
uhlobo lwenguquko yemisindo yesiZulu lusemqoka kwasise lunomthelela omkhulu endleleni
esiphimisa ngayo amagama athile nasemqondweni wegama okungagcina kuba nomthelela
onqondweni womusho wonke okanye wenkulumo uma abantu bezama ukunxumana.
Ukuphetha, singakusho singananazi nje ukuthi ukufunda ngezinguquko zemisindo olimini
kusemqoka kakhulu ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bafunda ulimi ngokuphelele ukuze
lungafadalali.

15. 15
Imithombo yolwazi
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Gilles-Mauricede,S. 2002. The Zulu locative prefix ku-revisited:a corpus-basedapproach. Pretoria:
s.n.
Hlongwane J.B. Msimang C.T and Ntuli D.B.Z.1994. Isizulu samaciko. Pietermaritzburg:Printingand
PublishingCompany.
Khathi J.L,NhlumayoS.SandMthiyane E.T.Z . 1989. Insema. Republicof SouthAfrica:RusticaPress.
Khumalo,J.S.M. 1987. An AutosegnentalAccountof Zulu Phonology. Johannesburg:s.n.
Sabelo,N.O.,1990. The possessivein Zulu, KwaZuluNatal : s.n.
Sibanda,G. 2009. VowelProcessesin Nguni:Resolving the Problemof UnacceptableVV Senquences.
California:s.n.