dr.sara abdelaziz teacher at pediatric dentistry department

4. -Attention to preventive care
rather than treatment
process.
-Dentist patient relationship
is triangular rather than
linear.
-Recognition that the child is
a changing person

5. A complete case history should consist of :
 Personal details.
 Presenting complain(s).
 Social/family history.
 Medical history.
 Dental history.

6. Name communication ..
Contact details(address, telephone number)
Age (chronological age- compare with other age
skeletal and dental)
Sex (some disease common in female than male)
Patient's medical practitioner
Email address
Birthplace

7. The dentist should receive different answers from:
The history of the present complaint in the child's
own words.
-Ask about the reason for visit..
-Pain or swelling(duration, mode of onset,
progression).
-Trauma.
-Other intraoral inflammation.

8. •Parent (age, education,
occupation)
•Family
illnesses(allergies
,diabetes, asthma)
•Social history :housing,
who is living with the
child.

9. :pregnancy;
mother's health(drug intake during
pregnancy).
type of delivery
;child health at birth.

10. -feeding , illness(infectious
diseases, surgery)
 Mumps.
 Herpes virus.

11.  Development (somatic-psychological)
 Traumatic injury(age-severity)
 Various diseases or functional
disturbances(allergy, diabetes,
cerebral palsy, cardiac condition and
haematological disorders.

12. •Previous hospitalization/operation.
•Medication(adverse reaction to
drug-prescribed drug)
•Information about learning
difficulty /behavior problems(mental
retardation, autism)

13. Current medical
therapies &medication.
Immunization.
Recent change to sleep
&diet.

14. Allergy or bleeding disorders.

15.  a type of neurodevelopmental disorder
usually appears within the first three
years of a child’s life.
 Symptoms : delayed speech, or
challenging behavior before the age of
three.

16. -Serologic studies, to see if a child has
been infected with herpes simplex.
-Hearing tests, to determine if language
delay is due to a hearing problem
-Neuroimaging, such as MRI.

18.  Previous dental experiences and the
behavior during the treatment.
 Attendance to treatment(regular or
irregular)
 Factors that have responsible for
existing oral and dental problems,
include nutrition, oral hygiene and
fluoride.

19. •Oral habits (lip biting, mouth
breathing, nail biting, and teeth
grinding )
•Questions should be asked about
drink bottle at bedtime-between
meal- frequency of brushing and
type of toothpaste used

21. A-complete examination:
 General examination.
 Extraoral examination.
 Intraoral examination.
 Soft tissue
 Gingival &periodontal
tissue
 Teeth
 occlusion

22. • Height
• Weight
• Hand
• Arms or legs
• Overall physical, mental
development.
• Vital signs
General
examination

23. Cyanotic heart disease,
bacterial endocarditice
(clubbing of fingers)

24. Extraoral examination(head and neck)
•Head
•Face
•Skin
•Hair
•Eyes
•Ears
•Nose
•Temperomandibular joint
•Lymph nodes

25. Mental retardation

26. skin,Hair
(dry
skin ,patchy hair, defect in
nails)
-brown macules in lips, oral
mucousa and skin)
-Intestinal polyps.

28. -yellowish keratotic plaques over
the skin)
-Affect children (1-4).
-Premature loss of both deciduous
and permanent teeth.
-Sever periodontitis.
-Lab. Invest.(liver function
,bilirubin)

29. Facial asymmetry
(familial fibrous dysplasia)
(cherubic appearance)

30. Soft tissue:
•Buccal mucosa
•Vestibule
•Palate

32. (mandibular
micrognathia , cleft palate, lower and
posterior position of the tongue cause air
way obstruction )

33. -inflammation of
granulation tissue of
lip,
- fissured tongue
- recurrent facial
paralysis)

34. Gingival & periodontal tissue
•Color change(redness), swelling,
ulceration, spontaneous bleeding ,
recession.
•Assessment of oral hygiene, the
presence of any plaque or calculus
deposits.

36. Tooth mobility.
Tooth eruption.
Caries.
Restoration.
Tooth number.
 Tooth shape/ size.
Tooth structure.
Tooth surface loss.

37. Tooth number
Decrease in number
(hypodontia or
anodontia)
Ectodermal dysplasia
Increase in number
supernumerary teeth

38. cleidocranial dysotosis
Clavicle(unilateral,
bilateral aplasia)
Multiple
supernumerary
teeth.
Gemination tooth
Retained deciduous.

39. - Tooth shape/ size
 Gemination or
fusion.
 Hutchinson's
teeth.

40. Tooth structure
 Defect in enamel
amelogenesis imperfcta.
 Defect in dentin
dentinogenesis
imperfcta.

41. Tooth surface loss
-Attrition
-Erosion

42. Occlusion
•First molar relationships.
•Terminal plane relationship.
•Overjet and overbite.

43. •Presence of crowding/spacing.
•Deviation/displacement
•Sever skeletal abnormalities

44. Type of x-ray
Intra-oral film
Extra-oral film

45. 1-Diagnostic casts: to study arch,
dentition discrepancies.
2-Pulp test: to determine vitality of
teeth.
3-Oral hygiene index: caries , plaque.
4-Salivary test: caries activity, PH of
saliva.
5-Biopsy

46. -complete blood count.
-Hemoglobin.
-prothrombin activity.
-calcium serum level.
-serum phosphate level.
-serum alkaline phosphate.

47. Use laser fluorescence to detect incipient caries.
Consist of: control unite , and hand-held probe.
The probe carries with two attachment :
One with a small strip for examining fissure caries
And the other with a larger , broader tip for
examining smooth surfaces.

48. 1-Cameras suitable for intra-oral use.
2-Repositioning system to ensure that the image are
correctly aligned.
With the addition of fluorescent dyes, QLF can be used to:
1-detect early demineralization .
2-decet incipient caries in permanent teeth and primary
teeth.

49. Disadvantages:
•Can only detect enamel demineralization and
cannot differentiate between decay,
hypoplasia or unusual anatomic features.
•This method is not suitable for measuring
dentin demineralization.

50. Allow images from all tooth surfaces to be
digitally captured and stored.

51. The principle behind transilluminating
teeth is that demineralized areas of
enamel or dentin scatter light, incipient
caries appears as darker areas in the
resultant images.

52. Consist of:
1-Two hand pieces , one for occlusal surfaces and
one for smooth and interproximal areas.
2-Disposable mouthpiece.
3-Foot pedal for selecting the image of interest
from the live pictures.
4-Computer system to capture and store the
resulting image.

53. New instrument depend on that the electrical
conductivity of the tooth change with
demineralization even when the surface
remains apparently intact.

54. Mechanism:
1-The entire occlusal surface is first covered with
a conducting medium.
2-Conductivity from the occlusal surface to
aground electrode is then measured with a
probe.
3-An increase in conductivity is due to the
development of microscopic demineralized
cavities within enamel which are filled with
saliva.

55. Factor to be consider before treatment
planning
 Amount of dental disease present.
 Behavior of the child.
 The child's potential to cooperate with the
proposed treatment.
 The ability of the child and parent to attend
for care.

56. Emergency phase
 Treatment of sever bleeding .
 Treatment of fractured tooth.

58.  Diet control in patient with
rampant caries.
 Removal of calculus and plaque
 Correction of restorative
irritational factor.

59. Excavation of caries.
Antimicrobial
therapy(local or
systemic)
Minor orthodontic
treatment

61. Endodontic therapy.
Periodontic therapy

62. Final restoration .
Space maintainer.

63.  Periodic examination Of Orofacial
Growth and the developing Occlusion.
 Examination Of Oral Habits.
 Plaque and Calculus.
 Gingival Condition

64. It's generally accepted that children should
receive a dental assessment more than adults
since:
 There evidence that the rate of progression of
dental caries can be more rapid in children
than in adult .
 The rate of progression of tooth wear is faster
in primary than in permanent teeth.
 Periodic assessment of orofacial growth and
the developing occlusion is required.

66.  Small, or simple restoration should be completed
at first.
 Maxillary teeth should be treated before
mandibular ones(since it is easier to administer
local anaesthesia in the upper jaw)
 Posterior teeth should be treated before anterior
to ensures that the patient returns to the treatment.

67.  Endodontic treatment should follow
completion of simple restoration.
 Extraction should be the last items of
operative care(patient become more
co-operated)

68.  Indicated for child who has been
unable to cooperate with operative
dental care under local anaesthesia

69.  Such as generalized defects of enamel or
dentine formation .
 Orthodontic treatment or surgical treatment as
clefts of lip and palate is essential with team
work.