DIYgenomics has developed a methodology for the conduct of patient-organized genomic research studies, obtaining outcomes by linking genomic data to phenotypic data and intervention. The general hypothesis is that individuals with one or more polymorphisms in the main variants associated with conditions may be more likely to have baseline out-of-bounds phenotypic biomarker levels, and could benefit the most from targeted intervention.

1. Patient-Organized Genomic Research Studies Melanie Swan, MBA Founder DIYgenomics +1-650-681-9482 @DIYgenomics www.DIYgenomics.org [email_address] March 3, 2011, Scripps, La Jolla CA The Future of Genomic Medicine IV conference Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga Personal genome apps Crowd-sourced clinical trials

7. DIYgenomics study design template: MTHFR March 3, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Source: http://diygenomics.pbworks.com/ http://diygenomics.pbworks.com/w/file/36469280/DIYgenomics+study+design+template+blank.doc Cyanocobalamin Image credit: http://wikimedia.org

8. Homocysteine metabolism pathway March 3, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Source: Swan, M., Hathaway, K., Hogg, C., McCauley, R., Vollrath, A. Citizen science genomics as a model for crowdsourced preventive medicine research. J Participat Med. 2010 Dec 23; 2:e20.

10. DIYgenomics studies March 3, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Image credit: http://www.narsad.org/?q=node/11245 Study Status 1. MTHFR/Vitamin B Pilot complete, open enrollment 2. Memory filtering In design (Q1/Q2) 3. Aging Open enrollment 4. Vitamin D In design (Q2) 5. Mental performance In design (Q3) 6. Metabolism/cholesterol mgt In design (Q3) 7. Citizen scientist proposed… Ongoing

15. Innovating the research model March 3, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Institutional PI (principal investigator) Traditional Research Model Patient-organized Research Model Research subjects Citizen scientists* Investigators = Participants *Self-selection bias: 100,000 consumer genomics customers Institutional Review Board (IRB) IRBs, FAQs, Citizen ethicists Grant funding Journal publication Self publishing Patient advocacy groups Research foundations Social VC Crowd-sourcing

16. Genomic study platform: Genomera March 3, 2011 DIYgenomics.org

19. Athletic performance March 3, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Image credit: http://www.istockphoto.com V = number of variants; % = ratio of favorable polymorphisms to total alleles for a sample individual; S = number of studies Source: Swan, M. Applied genomics: personalized interpretation of athletic performance GWAS. 2011 Jan. Submitted. Category Genes V % S Endurance, power, and energy Endurance ACE, ACTN3, ADRB2/ ADRB3, BDKRB2, COL5A1, GNB3 7 50 22 Power ACE, ACTN3, AGT 3 50 8 Energy HIF1A, PPARGC1A 3 25 9 Musculature, and heart and lung capacity Muscle fatigue and repair HNF4A, NAT2 and IL-1B 5 40 4 Strength HFE, HIF1A, IGF1, MSTN GDF8 5 17 15 Heart and lung capacity CREB1, KIF5B, NOS3, NPY and ADRB1, APOE, NRF1 9 36 11 Metabolism, recovery, and other Metabolism AMPD1, APOA1, PPARA, PPARD 5 50 9 Recovery CKMM/CKM, IL6 2 50 5 Ligament and tendon strength Ligament strength COL1A1, COL5A1, CILP 3 50 4 Tendon strength COL1A1, COL5A1, GDF5, MMP3 7 63 5

26. Multi-view web app with private data upload March 3, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Private data upload: Marat Nepomnyashy; https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/156946

27. Thank you! Melanie Swan Founder DIYgenomics +1-650-681-9482 @DIYgenomics www.DIYgenomics.org [email_address] Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga Creative Commons 3.0 license Collaborators: Lorenzo Albanello Cindy Chen John Furber Hong Guo Kristina Hathaway Laura Klemme Priya Kshirsagar Lucymarie Mantese Raymond McCauley Marat Nepomnyashy Ted Odet Roland Parnaso William Reinhardt Greg Smith Aaron Vollrath Lawrence S. Wong International collaborations: JST and Rikengenesis Takashi Kido Minae Kawashima Jin Yamanaka University Hospitals of Geneva Louis Nahum Armin Schnider Personal genome apps Crowd-sourced clinical trials