2.  The first Indian media was established in the Late
18 th century with print media started in 1780s.
 "Media" refers to various means of communication.
For example, television, radio, print and new media
are different types of media. All these forms use
technology to propagate the message. Hence we
could define all these media as media technology.

3.  Print media, being the leader over a considerable
period of time has now got competition from
Television, which is reshaping many of the social
responses.
 Radio apart from providing news and views has also
developed a flair for entertainment, thereby getting a
lot of acceptance. There is also the new media with
internet being its flag bearer.

4.  media can make a real difference to the lives of poor
and disadvantaged people in the following ways.
 Making people more aware of their rights and
entitlements
 Enabling people to have access to government
programmes, schemes and benefits.
 Making people more aware of political issues and
options and helping to stimulate debate.
 Educating the public on social, economic and
environmental issues.

5.  Drawing attention to institutional failings –
corruption, fraud, waste, inefficiency, cronyism,
nepotism, abuse of power and the like;
 Fostering exchange of best practices, knowledge
resources, access to better technology, and to better
choices
 Creating pressure for improved government
performance, accountability and quality, for example
in service delivery; and
 Providing a discursive space for citizens to dialogue
with other actors in the governance process.

6.  Among the various mass media used in a
India, newspaper occupies a place of
prominence because of its low cost, wide
circulations and variety of contents.
 Print media has its unique role in informing
literate farmers.

7.  Print media play a significant role in developing rural
resources and motivating the farmers for adoption of
new technology transfer in agriculture is primarily
done through mass media, which is the basis for
advancing rural development in our country. The
print and electronic technology revolutionizing the
agricultural system throughout the world.
 Print media has tremendous effect in the field of
agriculture.

8.  It is believed that print media demands a more active
and creative participation the part of the rural readers
than is demand by the audience of other media
because the communication is less structured and
reader is forced to participate creatively in this more
impersonal type of communication.

9. NEWS stands : North, East, West andSouth.
News papers –it typically meets four criteria
1. Publicity: Its contents are reasonably accessible
to the public
2. Periodicity: It is published atregularintervals
3. Currency:Itsinformation is up to date
4. Universality:It coversa rangeof topic

10.  Worlds first newspaper German relation
started in 1605 in German language.

11. The first Indian newspaper - Hicky’s Bengal Gazette
published in 1780 Jan 29 in Calcutta in English
language.
- founded by James Augustus Hicky (Irishmen)
- It also called as the Calcutta General Advertiser
- This paper survives until 1830s.

13.  First Hindi – language newspaper published in India,
Udant martand (The Rising Sun), started in 30 may
1826.
 This day celebrated as the “Hindi Journalism Day”
or Hindi Patrakarika Diwas as it marked the beinging
of journalism in Hindi language.

14.  The first Hindi daily, Samachar Sudha Varshan
started in 1854 three years before the
first freedom struggle of India in 1857.

15.  The world Association of Newspapers and News
Publishers (WAN - IFRA) published a list of
newspapers with the largest circulation.
 In 2005,
- China – 93.5 M
- India – 78.8 M
- Japan – 70. 4 M
- US – 48.3 M
- Germany – 22.1 M

16. Rank Newspaper Country Average daily
circulations
1 The Sun U.K 3,472,841
2 USA Today USA 2,610,255
3 The Daily Mail U.K 2,476,625
4 The mirror UK 2,187,960
5 Times of India India 1,879,000
World Association of Newspapers and News
Publishers (WAN - IFRA)

18.  In INDIA
 The prestigious Hindi newspaper Dainik Jagran, which
ranks no 1 in terms of readership, has added a new feather
in its cap by acquiring the top position in terms of
circulation too.
 During 2010-11, the highest numbers of newspapers
published were in Hindi (7910) followed by English
(1406) and Urdu (938). Other regional languages include
Gujarati (761), Telugu (603), Marathi (521) and
Bengali (472).
 The prominent Hindi newspapers are Dainik Jargan,
Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Navbharat Times,
Hindustan Dainik, Rajasthan Patrika and Nai Dunia.

21. Total readership of top ten Hindi
dailies is estimated at 188.68
millions, nearly five times of top ten
English dailies that have 38.76
million total readership (India).

22.  In English “The Times of India” – it established in
1838 in Mumbai (Bombay).
 Circulation of newspapers in the country grew by
8.23 per cent in 2010-11, as per the 55 annual report
of the register of newspapers for India (RNI). As
many as 3671 newspapers were published from Uttar
Pradesh followed by Delhi with 1993 and Madhya
Pradesh with 1243 newspapers, it said.

23.  In terms of circulation, Uttar Pradesh topped the table
with more than 6.97 crore copies. Delhi followed
with a circulation of 5.27 crore and Maharastra
retained the third position with over 2.9 crore copies.
 With a combined readership claim of its 12 editions
reading 3746929 copies, Times of India was the
highest readers among multi-edition dailies, the RNI
report said “Eenadu” and Hindi daily “Dainik
Bhaskar” stood second and third in terms of highest
multi-edition readership.

24.  Circulation is not always the same as copies sold,
often called paid circulation, since some newspapers
are distributed without cost to the readers.
 Readership figures are usually higher than circulation
figures because of the assumption that a typical copy
of the newspaper is read by more than one person.

25. Ran
k Newspaper
Primary
Locality Language Circulation Owner
1 Dainik Bhaskar Nationwide Hindi 3,557,407 D B Corp Ltd.
2 Dainik Jagran Nationwide Hindi 3,034,560 Jagran
Prakashan
3
The Times of
India Nationwide English 2,891,702
The Times
Group
4
Hindustan
Dainik Nationwide Hindi 2,237,243 HT Media Ltd
5 Malayala
Manorama Kerala Malayalam 2,232,585
Malayala
Manorama
Company

26. Rank Newspaper Language City
Daily Readership,
IRS 2013
(in million)
1
Dainik Jagran
(दैनिक जागरण)
Hindi
Various cities and
states
15.527
2
Hindustan
(हिन्दुस्ताि)
Hindi
Various cities and
states
14.246
3
Dainik Bhaskar
(दैनिक भास्कर)
Hindi
Various cities and
states
12.857
4
Malayala Manorama
(മലയാള മന ാരമ)
Malayalam
10 cities
in Kerala, Bangalore,
Mangalore, Chennai,
Mumbai, Delhi,Dubai
, and Bahrain
8.565
5
Daily Thanthi
(தினத்தந்தி)
Tamil
Various cities
in Tamil Nadu,
Bangalore,
Pondicherry and
Mumbai.
8.156
6 Rajasthan Patrika Hindi
Various cities and
states
7.665
7 Times of India English
Various cities and
states
7.254