eukaryotic cell organells

2. A lysosome is a membrane-bound
cell organelle found in most animal
cells (they are absent in red blood
cells).
The name, lysosome is derived from
the two Greek words: lysis, meaning
"to loosen", and soma, "body")

3. Lysosomes are known as suicidal bags
suicidal bags
suicidal bags
suicidal bags
of the cell? Why???
A lysosome is a organelle of cell. It is
filled with enzymes that can digest
things. When a cell is about to die,
lysosome bursts to eat up the dead
cell living space for new cells to
come.

4. Lysosome is responsible for the
digestion of macromolecules,
old cell parts, and
microorganisms.

5. Each lysosome is surrounded
by a membrane that maintains
an acidic environment within
the interior via a proton
pump.

6. Lysosomes contain a wide variety
of hydrolytic enzymes (acid
hydrolases) that break down
macromolecules such as nucleic
acids, proteins, and
polysaccharides.

7. Each lysosome is surrounded
by a membrane that maintains an acidic
environment within the interior
via a proton pump.
Lysosomes contain a wide variety of
hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) that
break down macromolecules such as
nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.

8. These enzymes are active
only in the lysosome’s acidic interior;
Their acid-dependent activity protects
the cell from self-degradation in case of
lysosomal leakage or rupture, since the
pH of the cell is neutral to slightly
alkaline.

9. Lysosomes were discovered by the
Belgian cytologist
Christian
Christian
Christian
Christian René de Duve
René de Duve
René de Duve
René de Duve
in the 1950s.
De Duve was awarded a share of the 1974
Nobel Prize for his discovery of lysosomes.

10. Lysosomes originate by
budding off from the membrane of the
trans-Golgi network, a region of the
Golgi complex responsible for sorting
newly synthesized proteins,
which may be designated for use in
lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma
membrane.

11. Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the Golgi network.

12. The lysosomes then fuse with
membrane vesicles that derive from
one of three pathways:
1.
1.
1.
1. Endocytosis
Endocytosis
Endocytosis
Endocytosis
2.
2.
2.
2. autophagocytosis
autophagocytosis
autophagocytosis
autophagocytosis, and
3.
3.
3.
3. phagocytosis
phagocytosis
phagocytosis
phagocytosis.

13. In endocytosis
endocytosis
endocytosis
endocytosis, extracellular
macromolecules are taken up
into the cell to form
membrane-bound vesicles
called endosomes that fuse
with lysosomes.

14. Autophagocytosis
Autophagocytosis
Autophagocytosis
Autophagocytosis is the process by
which old organelles are removed
from a cell; they are enveloped by
internal membranes that then fuse
with lysosomes.

15. Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is carried out by
specialized cells that engulf large
extracellular particles, such as
dead cells or foreign invaders
(e.g., bacteria).

16. Lysosomal storage diseases are genetic
disorders in which a genetic mutation
affects the activity of one or more of
the acid hydrolases.

17. In such diseases, the normal
metabolism of specific
macromolecules is blocked and the
macromolecules accumulate inside the
lysosomes, causing severe
physiological damage or deformity.

19. Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the Golgi network.