PHOTOSYNTHESIS CLASS-XII Manjula Agarwal Subject:Biology Category-sr. sec.

Raw materials required for

It is a process in which plants use Sunlight, chlorophyll, CO 2 & H 2 O to synthesize food 6CO 2 +12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 +6H 2 O+6O 2 NUTRITION IN PLANTS Chlophyll Sunlight PHOTOSYNTHESIS

SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Site Of Photosynthesis)

Chlorophyll pigments are present in a cell organelles called plastids-chloroplast PLASTIDS-CHOLOROPLAST Stroma(matrix) granum (stacks of thylakoids)

SECTIONAL VIEW OF CHLOROPLAST

MESOPHYLL-Palisade & spongy parenchyma Palisade cell

The chemical struture of chlorophyll PYRROLE RINGS CH3/CHO PHYTOL TAIL

Absorption spectrum wavelength,nm

PHOTOSYSTEM ( reaction centre + acessory pigments )

Reaction centre

Z scheme of light reaction

Formation of ATP in the presence of light is photophosphorylation. ADP+Pi ATP It occurs in two ways: 1.Non- cyclic and 2.cyclic Photophosphorylation

PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER +2e- Fd NADP reductase Electron Transport Chain PQ Cyt b 6 Cyt f PC ADP+Pi ATP

ADP+Pi ATP primary e-acceptor

CHEMIOSMOTIC HYPOTHESIS (mechanism of ATP synthesis)

C 6 H 12 O 6 DARK REACTION

Mesophyll cell Bundle sheath cell

THE C4 PATHWAY

FILL IN THE COLUMNS 2&3 IN THIS TABLE TO FIND OUT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 CYCLES.

Yes/no/not always Does the plant have PEP case ? PGA/OAA/RuBP/PEP Which is the first stable product? 5/4/3 Number of carbons in the primary CO2 acceptor RuBP/PEWP/PGA Which is the primary CO 2 acceptor? 1.Mesophyll,bundle sheath. 2. .Mesophyll How many cell types does the leaf have that fixCO2 Mesophyll/bundle sheath/both Cell type in which the initial carboxylation reaction occurs Mesophyll/bundle sheath/both the Calvin cycle Cell type in which takes place Choose from C4plants C3plants Characteristics

PHOTORESPIRATION

RuBisCO Enzyme RUBP+CO 2 2 X 3PGA {CALVIN CYCLE} RUBP +O 2 PGA + Phosphoglycolate {PHOTO RESPIRATION} Most Abundant Enzyme In The World

FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS

WATER CARBON DIOXIDE LIGHT Temperature Internal factors

Rate Of Photosynthesis Effect Of Temprature On Rate Of Photosynthesis Temperature

EFFECT OF CO2 ON THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ACTIVITIES RELATED TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS

To make a temporary stained mount of lily and petunia leaf and count the number of stomata on upper and lower surface of epidermis PEEL OF LILY LEAF

PEEL OF PETUNIA LEAF

Water CO2 IS NECESSARY DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Hydrilla OXYGEN IS LIBERATED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS