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2. CHAPTER 12: DIFFERENT ESSAY PATTERNS: PART ONE
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3. CHAPTER OUTLINE AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In this chapter, you will learn to:
 apply the stages of the writing process and the
basic essay format to a variety of rhetorical
patterns.
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4. ILLUSTRATION
 Hints for Writing an Illustration Essay
1. Use specific examples to support a general point.
2. Be sure to support a general statement by using
specific examples instead of merely writing
another general statement.
3. Be sure that you have sufficient examples and
that you develop them well.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5. WRITING THE ILLUSTRATION ESSAY IN STEPS
 Prewriting Illustration Essay—freewriteand brainstorm
to generate ideas for your illustration essay
 Planning Illustration Essay—develop an outline to
organize your ideas for your illustration essay
 Drafting and Revising Illustration Essay—create,
revise, and edit rough drafts for your illustration essay
 Proofreading Illustration Essay—proofread and make
one final check of your illustration essay
 Topics for Writing an Illustration Essay
 Topics for Critical Thinking and Writing
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6. DESCRIPTION
 Hints for Writing a Descriptive Essay
1. Use many specific details.
2. Decide on a clear order.
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7. WRITING THE DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY IN STEPS
 Prewriting Descriptive Essay—begin by brainstorming
 Planning Descriptive Essay—develop an outline to
organize your ideas
 Drafting and Revising Descriptive Essay—create,
revise, and edit rough drafts for your descriptive essay
 Proofreading Descriptive Essay—proofread and make
one final check of your descriptive essay
 Topics for Writing a Descriptive Essay
 Topics for Critical Thinking and Writing
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

8. NARRATION
 Hints for Writing a Narrative Essay
1. Give the essay a point and stick to it.
• A narrative essay tells a story.
• Once you have your point, check that your use
of details does not lead you away from the
point.
2. Divide your narrative into clear stages.
• You may decide to divide your body
paragraphs into (a) before, during, and after
or (b) the first part of the story, the middle
part, and the ending.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9. WRITING THE NARRATIVE ESSAY IN STEPS
 Prewriting Narrative Essay—begin by freewriting and
brainstorming
 Planning Narrative Essay—develop an outline to
organize your ideas
 Drafting and Revising Narrative Essay—create, revise,
and edit rough drafts for your narrative essay
 Proofreading Narrative Essay—proofread and make
one final check of your narrative essay
 Topics for Writing a Narrative Essay
 Topics for Critical Thinking and Writing
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10. PROCESS
 Hints for Writing a Process Essay
1. Remember that there are two kinds of process
essays:
• A directional process essay tells the reader
how to do something.
• An informational process essay explains an
activity without telling the reader how to do it.
2. Find some logical way to divide the steps into
paragraphs.
3. Develop your paragraphs by explaining each
step thoroughly and by using details.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11. WRITING THE PROCESS ESSAY IN STEPS
 Prewriting Process Essay—begin by
freewriting, brainstorming, and listing your ideas
 Planning Process Essay—develop an outline to
organize your ideas
 Drafting and Revising Process Essay—
create, revise, and edit rough drafts for your process
essay
 Proofreading Process Essay—proofread and make one
final check of your process essay
 Topics for Writing a Process Essay
 Topics 2012 Critical Education, Inc. and Writing
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12. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
 Hints for Writing a Comparison or Contrast Essay
1. Use the thesis of your comparison or
contrast to make a statement.
2. Use your points of comparison or contrast as
a way to organize your body paragraphs.
3. Use a point-by-point pattern.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

13. WRITING THE COMPARISON OR CONTRAST ESSAY IN STEPS
 Prewriting Comparison or Contrast Essay—begin by
freewriting and brainstorming
 Getting Points of Comparison or Contrast
Look for items that can be discussed about both
subjects.
 Planning Contrast Essay—develop an outline to
organize your ideas
 Drafting and Revising Contrast Essay—create, revise,
and edit rough drafts for your contrast essay
 Proofreading Contrast Essay—proofread and make one
final check of your contrast essay
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

14. WRITING THE COMPARISON OR CONTRAST ESSAY IN STEPS
 Topics for Writing a Comparison or Contrast Essay
 Topics for Critical Thinking and Writing
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15. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A STAGE
OF THE WRITING PROCESS?
A. planning
B. composing
C. drafting and revising
D. proofreading
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A STAGE
OF THE WRITING PROCESS?
A. planning
B. composing
C. drafting and revising
D. proofreading
apply the stages of the writing process and the basic
essay format to a variety of rhetorical patterns.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.