Patricia Bacus Bioprinting organs one step at a time
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Patricia Bacus Bioprinting organs one step at a time
- 1. Bioprinting organs one step at a time:The special challenges of the 3D printed kidney as reflected in morphology Patricia Bacus
- 2. What can we make with 3D printers now? ⢠Coffee cups ⢠Toys ⢠Your phone case ⢠Clothing ⢠Guns ⢠Organs
- 3. How did we get to where we are today? ⢠1984: Charles Hull invents stereolithography ⢠1992: starting to add layers to the objects ⢠1999: engineered organs start making advances ⢠2008: Breakthrough for prosthetics ⢠2009: from cells to blood vessels ⢠2012: A printed jaw is implanted into a patient
- 4. Bioprinting isnât in the future anymore, itâs the present.
- 8. The Basics
- 9. Bioprinting ⢠3 common types ⢠Inkjet 3D bioprinting ⢠Microextrustion 3D bioprinting ⢠Laser- Assisted 3D bioprintning
- 11. Other types ⢠Stereolithography ⢠Two-Photon Laser Lithography ⢠Selective Laser Sintering ⢠Fused Deposition Modeling ⢠Powder Binding ⢠Polyjet ⢠Syringe Deposition
- 12. Limitations and Challenges ⢠The need for vascularization ⢠Functionality ⢠Size ⢠Complex architecture ⢠Innervation ⢠Cost
- 13. The Future: ⢠Printing of complex organs ⢠In situ printing ⢠Surgical uses
- 14. References ⢠Bioengineers, physicians 3-D print ears that look, act real | Cornell Chronicle. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/02/bioengineers- physicians-3-d-print-ears-look-act-real ⢠Body by Science | The Scientist MagazineÂŽ. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/15131/title/Body-by-Science ⢠Chia, H. N., & Wu, B. M. (2015). Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. Journal Of Biological Engineering, 9(1), 1-14. ⢠ExVive3D⢠Liver, Tissue Performance. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://www.organovo.com/tissues-services/exvive3d-human-tissue-models-services- research/exvive3d-liver-tissue-performance ⢠How 3-D Printing Body Parts Will Revolutionize Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/how-3-d-printing-body-parts-will- revolutionize-medicine ⢠Murphy, S. V., & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nature Biotechnology, (8), 773 ⢠(n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://individual.troweprice.com/staticFiles/Retail/Shared/PDFs/3D_Printing_Infographic_FINAL.pdf ⢠(n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/bioengineering/creating-valve-tissue-using-3d-bioprinting ⢠Printing People Parts: Worldâs First Human Organ Bio-Printer | Gadgets, Science & Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://gajitz.com/printing-people-parts- worlds-first-human-organ-bio-printer/ ⢠Seliktar, D., Dikovsky, D., & Napadensky, E. (2013). Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Israel Journal Of Chemistry, 53(9/10), 795-804. ⢠Zhang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Tissue Engineering Applications of Three-Dimensional Bioprinting. Cell Biochemistry And Biophysics, (3), 777 ⢠Zohora, F. T., & Azim, A. A. (2014). Inkjet printing: an emerging technology for 3D tissue or organ printing. European Scientific Journal, (30), 339.
- 15. Questions?
Hinweis der Redaktion
- As many of you know kidneyâs are a very in demand when most of the population on a organ transplant require a kidney, More patients are requiring a kindey transplant every year and the waiting times are getting longer with many patients undergoing dialysis. Wouldnât it be nice to be able to just make a new kidney instead of hoping for a match.
- 3D printing is the processing of taking a digital image or model and creating a physical object, now if youâre like me youâre thinking this isnât some engineer start up company we came to discuss what does this have to do with anything? 3D printing has grow from printing little plastic toys to being able to print using biomaterials.
- In 2006 a transplant was done on 7 human patients with a 3D printed bladders
- From bones, to skin grafts, to ears, to heart valves, to now kidneys.
- Figure 4: Histologic structure in exVive3D⢠Liver, Bioprinted Human Liver Tissue Left: Primary hepatocytes demonstrating tissue-like cellular density (H&E); Center: Retention of desmin positive stellates and formation of endothelial cell networks (Desmin, CD31); Right: Formation of hepatocyte cell junctions (Albumin, E-Cadherin).
- Bioprintinig in the most basic form is similar to any 3D printer in which something is scanned (in this case it would be the patients own organ) an it would be sent to another computer linked to the 3D bioprinter and it would start printing the organ using the bio-ink and gel to crease the complex multicellular tissue an hold it in place. Inkjet 3D: is a non-contact technique in which, picoliter droplets of biomaterials are layered onto a substratum in order to produce. Ink in the cartilate is replaced with a biological material containing cells and or other biofactors and the paper is replaced with an electronically controlled elevator stage with precisely controlled z axis position. While thermal inkjet printers are of low cost, readily available and can give high print speeds, they suffer from the disadvantages including the lack of precise directionality and size of droplet, thermal and mechanical stress to cells and biomaterials, frequent nozzle clogging, and unreliable cell encapsulation. Microextrusion 3D bioprinting:the printers consist of a temperature-controlled biomaterial dispensing system, a stage, that is capable of moving along the x, y, and z axes, a fiber-optic light illuminated deposition area for photoinitiator activation, a humidifier controlled by piezoelectricity, and a video camera for xâyâz command and control. Laser-assisted 3D technique: LAB is less common than inkjet or microextrusion bioprinting, but its applications for tissue- and organ-engineering are steadily increasing. A laser-assisted 3D bioprinter consists of a pulsed laser beam with a focusing system, a âribbonâ that has a donor transport support, typically made from glass covered with a laser-energy-absorbing layer (e.g., gold or titanium) and a layer of biological material containing cells and/or hydrogel, and a receiving substrate facing the ribbon. Laser-assisted 3D bioprinter focuses laser pulses on the absorbing gold-layer of the ribbon and this generates a high-pressure bubble, which in turn propels cell-containing materials toward the collector substrate. LAB can deposit cells at a density of up to 108 cells/ml with the resolution of a single cell per drop using a laser pulse, at high speed +: produce relatively higher resolution patterns, no problems with nozzle clogging, -: cell viability
- SLA: Uses a laser and layers of liquid UV-curable material +: can be super selective -: cells die Two photon: sublet of SLA +: high resolution -: only small things can be made SLS: fuses layers together +:high strength objects , many materials -: expensive and rough surface, hard to add things, Fused deposition modeling: layers of modeling material are created by the extrusion and deposition of a polymer from a single nozzle. +: similar to SLS with high strength objects with many materials but at a lower cost -: rough surface, low resolution Powder binding: powder+solvent inkjet deposits a binder +: simple low cost and easy to use -: removing support is hard, low resolution Polyjet: slices of the object are formed by a process of selective inkjet deposition (or coating) of UV-curable liquid compositions, followed by immediate solidification through exposure to flood UV radiation. +: simple and straightforward, micro scale -: restricted materials Syringe depsition: In this technique, layers are formed by deposition of material using a pressure-activated syringe and solidification either by chemical reaction or physical phase transitions +: straightforward, can use a lot of different materials -: low resolution
- Letâs start with the cost: developing these will cost a lot and the global biomarket is estimated to be worth 33.6 billion in 2019, and was valued at 25.2$ billion. The cost of it will go down due to the same reason we have seen other things go down in price: increase in the number of manufacturers Vascularization problem tissues need nutrients, gas exchange, waste removal all of which are needed for maturation during perfusion. While many researchers have orinated themselves towards making vascularization possible the problem is the full vascularization of any organ
- In situ printing: having implants or living organs are printed in the human body Complex organs whole organs vs hollow