philosophy of nursing educaton

1. PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING
EDUCATION
KSHYANAPRAVA BEHERA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SUM NURSING COLLEGE, SOA DTU

2. Introduction
• Philosophy is derived from Greak word ‘philos’
means love, and ‘sophia’ means wisdom. It is
the loving and searching for wisdom and truth .
• Philosophy is the science of knowledge. ---
Fitche
• •Philosophy is the science of all sciences. ----
Coleridge

3. Definition of philosophy
• Philosophy is an unceasing effort to
discern the general truth that lies
behind the particular facts ( that is the
reality that lies behind the
appearances).
Purposes-
• Guiding the education system.

4. Factors influencing the philosophy of
education
• Beliefs and values regarding God, man, life,
health, diseases, nursing.
• The philosophical values and beliefs of the
institution.
• Environment where education takes place.
• Student life activities.
• The culture and background of the people.

5. Factors influencing the philosophy of
education conti,,
• The goals and objectives of the health care
system.
• The diseases pattern and health awareness and
facilities .
• The available resources in term of man, money,
and material.

6. Educational Philosophy
• Philosophy and aims of education
• Philosophy and curriculum
• Philosophy and method of teaching
• Philosophy and teacher
• Philosophy and discipline

7. 1. Traditional philosophies

9. NATURALISM :-
Introduction-
• Concerned with natural self.
• Believe in reality near to nature beyond nature
there is no reality .
• By naturalist nature is everything, they separate
the nature from God.

10. Definition :-
• Naturalism is a system of which the salient
characteristics is the exclusion of whatever is
spiritual or supernatural.
Forms of Naturalism
• Physical Naturalism
• Biological Naturalism
• Mechanical Naturalism

11. Principles of Naturalism
• Child centered education
• Education as the natural development of the
child’s power and capacities.
• Negative education in early childhood.
• Education should be based on child’s psychology .
• The role of teacher should be as a guide.

12. Education implications of Naturalism
• By using several methods, the teacher creates
a congenital situation from the nature ,to
provide sense of freedom for the individual
development.

13. Naturalism and aims of education
1.Self expression.
2.Self-preservation.
3.Redirection of human instincts.
4.Struggle for existence.
5.Education according to the nature.

14. Naturalism and curriculum
• There is no rigid curriculum.
Role of the teacher
• As an observer and stage setter
Naturalism and Discipline
• Naturalism is favor to total freedom.

15. Naturalism and methods of education
1.Learning by doing.
2.Play-way method.
3.Observation.
4.Experimentation.
5.Self education and self efforts.

16. Naturalism and teacher
• Teacher place is behind the stage.
• He / she arrange the environment with
necessary opportunity and material.
• Guiding the child when required .

18. IDEALISM
Introduction:-
• It is the oldest philosophy.
• It derived from Greek word “Idem” , means “to
see” .
• Plato is the father of Idealism
• Idealists gives more importance to mind and
self rather than matter and body.

19. Principles of Idealism
• Presence of universal mind.
• Regard man as spiritual beings.
• The world of ideas and values.
• The real knowledge is perceived in mind.

20. Educational implications of Idealism
• Idealism considered student as an individual
with inner potentialities and education should
help the student to realize that potentialities.
Idealism and curriculum
• It consist those knowledge and experiences
that attain the development.

21. Idealism and aims of education
• Self– realization.
• Evaluation of personality through self
realization.
• Universal education.
• Development of inventive and creative power.

22. Idealism and aims of education
• Conservation promotion and transmission of
cultural heritage.
• Bringing out the cultural environment.
• Development of moral senses.
• Cultivation of spiritual values.

23. Idealism and curriculum
• The subjects which assist the child to develop
morally, aesthetically, intellectually and
physically, are included.
Idealism and methods of teaching
• Kindergarten
• Questioning
• Discussion
• Lecture

24. Idealism and discipline
• Strict discipline
• Against free discipline
Idealism and teacher
• It serve a high place for teacher.
• Recognize teacher as a philosopher, friend and
guide.
• He serve as a role model to the children.

25. Limitations of idealism
• Idealistic views have little importance in class
• room teaching.
• Younger generation prefer inventions and
• originality rather than imitation.

26. PRAGMATISM
Introduction :-
• It adopt a midway between idealism and
naturalism.
• Pragmatism is derived from Greek word
“Pragma” means action.
• It is also known as instrumentalism.

27. Definition Pragmatism :-
• Pragmatism is essentially a humanistic
philosophy maintaining that men creates his
own values in course of activity. That reality is
still in making and awaits its parts of
completion from the future . (Ross)

28. Forms of Pragmatism
• Humanistic pragmatism.
• Experimentally pragmatism.
• Biological pragmatism.

29. Principles of Pragmatism
• Biological and social organism.
• Knowledge should be experimentally verified
and it should be useful to the learner.
• Pragmatism faith in man’s capacity to shape
his destiny.
• No absolute value.

30. Principles of Pragmatism conti..
• Practical situations are true.
• It concerned with the present and immediate
future.
• Pragmatism accept only knowledge which is
experienced by sensory level.
• Only realized ideas in life are real.

31. Educational implications of Pragmatism
• It revolutionized the education system.
• Pragmatism trends in education is known as
progressivism .
• Pragmatism considered the learner as growing
biological and social being , ready to adjust
the environment needs.

32. Pragmatism and aims of education
• Harmonious development .
• Continuous experiences.
• Social efficiency.

33. Pragmatism and curriculum
• Principle of utility.
• Principle of experiences.
• Principle of integration.
Pragmatism and discipline
• •It does not believe in strict discipline

34. Pragmatism and teacher role
• It considered teacher as a friend , philosopher,
and guide.
• Two important qualities
a)Interest
b)Awareness about social conditions.
• Pragmatism considers teacher as an arranger of
experience.

36. REALISM
Introduction :-
• The first ideology was Aristotle.
• Later modified by Gemore, Russal, and John
wield.
• According to this philosophy thing we see and
perceive are real and knowledge acquired
through senses is true.

37. Definition Realism :-
• “ Realism is the reinforcement of our common
acceptance of this world as it appears to us”.
Forms of Realism
• Humanistic realism.
• Social realism.
• Sense realism.
• Neorealism .

38. Principles of Realism
• Every life reality are true.
• Does not believe in existence of any truth.
• It accept only sensory experiences of the
external world as real.
• It looks at a man like a physical being
controlled by rules.
• Real knowledge is experienced by sensation.

39. Education implication of Realism
• The aim of education implication is to prepare
the child to face realities of life and to solve
the problems.
• The school knowledge and experiences should
be appropriate to achieve this aim.

40. Realism and aims of education
• Prepares the child for real life.
• Prepare the child for a happy and successful life.
• Foster the mental and physical power of the child
• Developing and training of sense.
• Providing vocational education.
• Make the child familiar with the nature and
• social environment

41. Realism and curriculum
• Subjects and activities which prepare the child
for real life .
Realism and methods of teaching
• Observation
• Experimentation
• Activities and demonstration

42. Realism and teacher
• Honorable position for the teacher.
• He is well known to the content and needs of
the children.
• He transfer the knowledge by using scientific
methods.

43. 2. Modern philosophies

44. SUPERNATURALISM
Introduction :-
• Also known as theistic realism.
• Organized as christen philosophy.
• According to it there is personal a God .
• God is a author creature of nature and man.

45. Supernaturalism and implication of education
• Education is regarded as active social
process.
• It take place in the family school and church.
Supernaturalism and aims of education
• Social development
• Economic competency
• Moral development
• Spiritual perfection
• Physical development

46. Supernaturalism and curriculum
• Social science
• Behavioral science
• Biological science
Supernaturalism and discipline
• It is against for rigid discipline .
Supernaturalism and teacher
• Teacher play role as a guider.

47. HUMANISTIC EXISTENTIALISM
• It is youngest philosophy .
• Modern philosophy which is primarily build upon
the work of the scholars of the 20th century.
Main assumptions
1)Man’s existence
2)Self knowledge
3)Freedom and responsibilities
4)Man is not complete

48. ECLECTISM
• Educationist through motivation, create a new
educational philosophy by pooling all good and
relevant features from different educational
philosophies , this philosophy is known as
“Eclectism”.

49. • Salient features of Eclectism
• Aim of education is to prepare the good
citizenship.
• Flexible curriculum.
• Emphasis various co-ordination of various
subjects.
• Importance to curricular activities.
• Ensuring availability of subject experts and better
teacher.

50. Salient features of Eclectism
• Suggest scientific teaching methods based on the
learning by doing principle, learning by play,
learning by observation.
• Highest responsibilities of the government to
provide education.
• Emphasis on the adult and social learning.

52. EXISTENTIALISM
• Man’s existence
• Self knowledge
• Freedom and responsibility
• Man is not complete
• No acceptance of readymade concepts

53. HUMANISM
• According to concise oxford dictionary,
• humanism means “ a rationalistic outlook or
• system of thought attaching prime
• importance to human rather than divine or
• supernatural matter.”

54. Chief Characteristics
• Humanism and social welfare
• Humanism and materialism
• Humanism and social values
• Humanism and equality of all members
• Humanism and coexistence of individuals

55. Bibliography
• BRAUN, BARBARA.J.STEVEN (1994).NURSING THEORY;
ANALYSIS, APPLICATION, EVALUATION. PHILADELPHIA: JB
LIPPINCOTTCOMPANY.4TH EDITION:194-206.
• SHANKARANARAYAN.B, SINDHU B. LEARNING AND TEACHING
NURSING ; EDITION 3RD ; BRAINFILL PUBLISHERS ;2009: 23-
43.
• HTTP// WWW.NURSING PHILOSOPHIES.COM
• HTTP// WWW.NURSING PHILOSOPHIES IN NURSING
EDUCATION.COM
• HTTP// WWW. WIKIPEDIA . NURSING PHILOSOPHIES IN
NURSING EDUCATION. THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA.COM

56. THANK YOU