1. + LED 1 + R1 R3 R2 - + C1 555 timer Circuit diagrams and component layouts by : Krysaid

2. Circuit Symbols

3. Circuit Symbols Wires and connections Wire Wires not joined Wires joined Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

4. Circuit Symbols Power Supplies Battery - + Cell DC supply Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

5. Circuit Symbols Power Supplies AC supply ~ Fuse Earth(Ground) Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

6. Circuit Symbols Switches Push Switch(push-to-make) Push-to-Break Switch On-Off Switch(SPST) 2-way Switch/On-on(SPDT) Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

7. Circuit Symbols 2-way Switch/On-on(SPDT) Switches NC COM NO Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

8. Circuit Symbols Resistors Resistor Rheostat Potentiometer Preset Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

9. Circuit Symbols Capacitors Capacitor Capacitor, polarised Variable Capacitor Trimmer Capacitor + Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

10. Circuit Symbols Diodes LEDLight Emitting Diode Photodiode Zener Diode Diode Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

11. Circuit Symbols Meters Digital Multimeter Analogue Multimeter Voltmeter Galvanometer Ammeter Ohmmeter V A Ω Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

12. Circuit Symbols Output Devices Lamp (indicator) Lamp (lighting) Buzzer Motor M Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

13. Circuit Symbols Audio Microphone Earphone Loudspeaker Amplifier(general symbol) Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

14. Circuit Symbols Transistors Transistor NPN Transistor PNP Phototransistor Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

15. Circuit Symbols Sensors (input devices) LDR Light Dependent Resistor Thermistor Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

16. Circuit Symbols Integrated Circuits (Chips) IC M66T Melody IC IC 555 Timer IC IC 741 Operational Amplifier 8 4 7 7 2 2 6 1 3 6 3 4 3 5 1 2 Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

17. Circuit Diagrams

18. Examples of Circuit symbols Cell Switch Resistor LED Capacitor Wires Not Joined Wires Joined

19. + + 6V 6V Drawing circuit diagrams The electronics way ( + at the top ) The science way ( battery at the top )

20. S1 LED 1 1M 33k 8 4 2 555 timer 100k 9V 3 6 7 1 470Ω 220µF LED 2 0.1µF Circuit Diagram + S1 1M LED 1 X + + 33k LED 2 555 100k X 1 8 X 2 7 X 9V 3 6 470Ω Bleeper 0.1µF X 4 5 + 220µF - Component Layout

21. Verobod

22. Placing components on Verobod

23. component verobod Copper tracks

24. Copper tracks verobod component

25. Designing a Verobod Layout

27. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

28. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

29. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

30. Planning the Layout 1

31. R1 9V LED 1 Circuit Diagram

33. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

34. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

35. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 17 22 16 21 15 20 14 19 + 13 18 12 17 11 16 R1 470Ω 10 15 9 14 + 8 LED 13 7 12 BC 6 11 _ 5 10 4 9 3 8 2 7 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

36. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

38. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

39. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

40. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 17 22 16 21 15 20 14 19 + 13 18 12 17 11 16 R1 470Ω 10 15 9 14 + 8 LED 13 7 12 BC 6 11 _ 5 10 4 9 3 8 2 7 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

41. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

42. R1 470Ω 9V R1 470Ω LED 1 Circuit Diagram + BC LED

43. Planning the Layout 2

44. R 1 S1 LED 1 c 9V b TR 1 R 2 e Circuit Diagram

46. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

47. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

48. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arus bergerak secara mendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

49. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

51. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

52. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

53. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arus bergerak secara mendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

54. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

55. R 1 S1 LED 1 c 9V b TR 1 R 2 e R1 Circuit Diagram S1 R2 LED 1 c BC b e TR 1

56. Planning the Layout 3

57. R 1 S1 LED 1 R 2 c b TR 2 9V e c b TR 1 e Circuit Diagram

59. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

60. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

61. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arus bergerak secara mendatar + R1 S1 R2 + e b c c LED 1 TR 2 b BC e TR 1 _ [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

62. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

64. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

65. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

66. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jarak lubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arus bergerak secara mendatar + R1 S1 R2 + e b c c LED 1 TR 2 b BC e TR 1 _ [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

67. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

68. R 1 S1 LED 1 R 2 c b TR 2 9V R1 e c S1 b R2 TR 1 + e b e c LED 1 Circuit Diagram TR 2 c b BC e TR 1

69. Planning the Layout 4

70. R1 680k 8 4 7 555 timer 9V 6 3 R2 10k R3 1k 2 1 + + C1 10µF LED Circuit Diagram

72. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

73. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

74. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 17 22 16 21 15 20 14 19 + 13 18 12 17 11 16 R1 680k + 10 LED 1 15 R3 1k 9 14 X 1 8 8 13 X 2 7 7 12 X 3 6 6 11 R2 10k X 4 5 5 10 IC 555 4 9 _ 3 C1 10µF 8 + 2 7 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 287 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

75. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

77. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

78. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

79. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 17 22 16 21 15 20 14 19 + 13 18 12 17 11 16 R1 680k + 10 LED 1 15 9 14 R3 1k X 1 8 8 13 X 2 7 7 12 X 3 6 6 11 R2 10k X 4 5 5 10 IC 555 4 9 _ 3 8 C1 10µF + 2 7 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 287 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

80. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

81. R1 680k 8 4 7 555 timer 9V 6 3 R2 10k 555 timer R1 680k + R3 1k 2 LED 1 1 R3 1k X 1 8 + + X 2 7 C1 10µF LED X 3 6 R2 10k X 4 5 IC 555 Circuit Diagram C1 10µF +

83. Planning the Layout 5

84. + 9V LED 1 R1 R2 8 4 6 R3 IC 555 7 3 R4 2 1 + C1 LED 2 S1 - 0V Circuit Diagram

86. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

87. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

88. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 LED 1 LED 2 13 13 12 + 12 + 11 11 10 10 R1 R2 9 9 8 8 X 1 8 7 7 X S1 2 7 6 6 X BC + 3 6 5 5 X R4 R3 4 5 4 C1 4 IC 555 3 3 2 2 + 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 _ [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

89. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

91. Putuskan track diantara pin IC dantandakan [ X ] padagambarajah IC.

92. Gunakansaiz grid sebenarveroboddisebelahkiriuntukmemeriksajarakkomponen.

93. Sentiasautamakankeselamatan.Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 LED 1 13 13 12 + 12 LED 2 + 11 11 10 10 R1 R2 9 9 8 8 X 1 8 7 7 X S1 2 7 6 6 X BC + 3 6 5 5 X R4 4 5 4 C1 4 IC 555 3 3 R3 2 2 + 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 _ [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

94. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

95. + 9V LED 1 R1 R2 8 4 6 R3 LED 1 IC 555 7 3 + LED 2 + 555 timer R4 2 R1 1 R5 X + 1 8 X S1 2 7 C1 LED 2 S1 X BC 3 6 X R4 4 5 - 0V C1 Circuit Diagram IC 555 R3 +

96. Planning the Layout 6

97. S1 LED 1 R1 33k 1M 8 4 2 R3 100k 555 timer 9V 3 6 R2 470Ω 7 1 C1 220µF C2 0.1µF LED 2 Circuit Diagram

98. Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 S1 15 15 1M 14 14 + LED 1 LED 2 13 13 X 12 + 12 11 + 11 10 10 R1 33k 9 9 IC 555 8 R3 100k 8 X 1 8 7 7 X 2 7 6 6 X 9V 3 6 BZ 5 5 X 4 5 + C2 0.1µF 4 C1 220µF 4 _ 3 3 R2 470Ω 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

99. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

100. Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 S1 15 15 1M 14 14 + LED 1 LED 2 13 13 X 12 + 12 11 + 11 10 10 R1 33k 9 9 IC 555 8 R3 100k 8 X 1 8 7 7 X 2 7 6 6 X 9V 3 6 BZ 5 5 X 4 5 + C2 0.1µF 4 C1 220µF 4 _ 3 3 R2 470Ω 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

101. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

102. S1 1M LED 2 LED 1 X + + 555 timer + + R1 33k IC 555 R3 100k X 1 8 X 2 7 X 9V 3 6 BZ X 4 5 + + C2 0.1µF C1 220µF R2 470Ω

103. Planning the Layout 7

104. R1 R2 R6 8 4 7 IC 555 R5 6 3 2 1 5 5 C2 1 LS 2 9V IC Muzik 1 R3 R4 NO NC 3 C1 c S1 b COM LED e TR Circuit Diagram

105. Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 17 22 16 21 15 20 + 14 19 13 18 12 17 R1 11 16 NC R2 R6 10 15 NO 9 COM 14 X C2 8 1 8 BC 13 X 7 2 7 12 X 6 3 6 11 R5 X 5 4 5 R3 10 4 1 IC 555 R4 9 + X C1 3 2 8 _ 2 c 3 + 7 1 b IC Muzik 6 e 5 LED TR 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

106. Planning the Layout Improve your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

107. Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 22 21 20 19 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 17 22 16 21 15 20 + 14 19 13 18 12 17 R1 11 16 NC R2 R6 10 15 NO 9 COM 14 X C2 8 1 8 13 X 7 2 7 12 BC X 6 3 6 11 R5 X 5 4 5 R3 10 9V 4 1 IC 555 R4 9 + X C1 3 2 8 _ 2 c 3 + 7 1 b IC Muzik 6 e 5 LED TR 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

108. Planning the Layout Check your plan Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

109. 555 timer R1 R6 R2 NO BC NO COM COM C2 X 1 8 X 2 7 R3 X 3 6 X R5 4 5 LS IC 555 1 R4 + C1 X 2 c 3 + LED IC Muzik b e TR

110. Planning the Layout 8

111. S1 R1 LS 1 2 LED 2 LED 1 3 IC Muzik R2 R3 1 9V + + C2 C1 C C b b e e Circuit Diagram

112. Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

113. Planning the Layout 9

114. S1 R2 10k R3 10k R5 10k R6 10k R8 1k C3 1µF 8 4 8 4 C1 0.1µF C2 0.1µF 555 timer 555 timer 3 3 2 2 9V 3 R4 470Ω R1 470Ω S4 S3 6 1 6 1 S2 Buzer R7 1k Circuit Diagram

115. Saiz grid sebenarverobod. Jaraklubang 0.1" (2.54mm) Arusbergeraksecaramendatar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [78/02] 2009 © Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my