1. Prepared by:
Krunal Siddhapathak(10bec097)
*

2. *Introduction
*SIMULATING IN-CAR MICROWAVE PROPAGATION
*BLUETOOTH LINK SIMULATION RESULTS
*BLUETOOTH IN-CAR EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
*VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION
*CONCLUSION

3. *
*Vehicle to vehicle communication and in vehicle
communication is important for intelligent transport
system.
*Bluetooth radio frequency channel is used for in
vehicle communication.
*Bluetooth link is used for vehicle to vehicle to
communication.
*Bluetooth working on 2.45 GHz and LAN working at
64GHz are used at high frequency.

4. *

5. *To determine electromagnetic scattering from complex
,lossy die electric structure some simulation tools like
WIPL-D ,FEKO and SEMCAD are used.
*WIPL-D is based on the Method of Moments (MoM).
*It defines:
1)geometry of a structure as any combination of wires
2)structure’s current distribution
3)far-field radiation pattern
4)Near field distribution
5) multiport admittance at predefined feed points.

6. *
FEKO is also based on the Method of Moments.
FEKO The MoM, which scales poorly with frequency, has
been hybridized with two asymptotic high frequency
techniques namely:
1) physical optics (PO)
2) uniform theory of diffraction (UTD)
 This hybridization enables the solution of much larger
problems (in terms of wavelengths).
SEMCAD uses a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD)
kernel and focuses on main applications, namely near-
field analysis, antennas embedded in complex
environments, EMC/EMI applications and dosimetry.

7. *

8. *

9. *
*At 2.45 GHz, the simulation is performed using a quarter wave
antenna radiating inside the car structure.
*This transmitting antenna is located either on the dashboard or
in the rear boot.
*A metal sheet is also laid between the passenger cell and the
motor compartment.
*A 10 cm diameter circular hole is perforated into this metal
sheet. Otherwise, the passenger cell is empty.
*Windscreens are considered fully transparent to RF signals and
the car body is simulated as a perfect conductor.
* Figures 2 and 3 show results respectively obtained using the
2.45 GHz radiating source (bright point) situated on the
dashboard or in the boot.
* They are presented with an overall dynamic range
representation of respectively 60 dB and 40 dB.

10. *
*From the dashboard, a fairly good RF coverage is obtained
over the whole structure including the imperfectly shielded
motor compartment.
* An overall signal amplitude dynamic of 50 dB is deduced from
these results.
*Moving the receiving location a few centimetres apart, even in
the vicinity of the transmitting antenna, leads to signal
fluctuations in the order of 30 dB.
*This result can be compared to the huge number of
propagation modes that exist inside a large perfectly
conducting cavity.
*On figure 3, transmitting from the boot yields to different
results. The motor compartment radio coverage exhibits a
supplementary attenuation due to the presence of the metal
sheet separating the passenger cell from the motor
compartment.
*The lower overall dynamic of the representation emphasizes
the fluctuations of signal propagated inside the car body.

11. *

12. *

13. *

14. *

15. *
*Within a platoon, car and truck drivers use information about the speed
and position of the preceding and following vehicles in order to elaborate
and update a real time driving solution.
*these equipments only track the first preceding vehicle to deduce its
speed and position.
*Nevertheless, this computed information remains on board the vehicle
that has performed the measurement.
*a platoon, the frontal road perception of the first vehicle is very
particular and highly significant. Thus, it seems to us, that this
information can be shared in real-time with the following vehicles within
the platoon.
*This concept has been named Electronic Millimetre Wave P re-View Mirror
(EPVM). Two RF links are considered.
*The first one uses a Bluetooth 2.45 GHz link, the second one uses a
modified extended AICC sensor.
*This last concept is illustrated by the artist’s view provided in figure 4.
Using a passive sub-reflector, some of the millimetric (76 GHz) RF power
available in the sensor is transmitted backwards behind the vehicle to
following vehicles.

16. *
*The use of Bluetooth has been investigated in order to
evaluate its potential for some ITS applications.
*Simulating and experimenting these systems for
communicating inside a vehicle show that the propagation
channel is harsh but that it is possible to maintain, for the
chosen experimented locations a good radio-coverage inside
the whole car.
*For vehicle-to-vehicle communication, Bluetooth 1.1
standard available equipment seems also promising. Using
available PCMCIAs cards, video transmissions up to 100 m
have been achieved.
*Of course, the limited standard data rate means limited
video resolution and frame rate in comparison to the use of
the wide bandwidth provided by an AICC extended sensor.