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RELATIIVIPRONOMINIT 
WHO, WHOSE, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHAT 
= 
JOKA / MIKÄ / JONKA / jne.
Mieti ensin näitä…. 
1. This is the girl _____ crashed her car. 
2. This is the girl _____ I told you about. 
3. That's the man _____ car was stolen. 
4. The house, _____ doors were blue, was pretty. 
5. The people _____ cars were stolen were sad. 
6. The dog ______ ear was chewed off was happy. 
7. I like shops _____ have lots of different things for sale. 
8. There are a lot of questions to _____ I have no answer. 
9. I won the lottery, _____ was great! 
10. _____ she said is true. 
11. You can't always get _____ you want. 
12. I couldn't fit ______ I needed into my bag. 
(bongaa vastaukset seuraavissa slaidissa!)
WHO ja WHOM käytetään kun viitataan IHMISIIN. 
WHO käytetään, jos se viittaa subjektiin - tekijä: 
This is the girl WHO crashed her car. 
(Kuka romutti? Tyttö.) 
WHOM käytetään, jos se viittaa objektiin - 
tekemisen kohde: 
This is the girl WHOM I told you about. 
(Kuka kertoi? Minä. Kenestä kerroin? Tytöstä.)
WHOSE = käytetään kun viitataan ihmisiin / asioihin / 
esineihin / eläimiin: JONKA, JOIDEN 
That's the man WHOSE car was stolen. (JONKA) 
The house, WHOSE doors were blue, was pretty. (JONKA) 
The people WHOSE cars were stolen were sad. (JOIDEN) 
The dog WHOSE ear was chewed off was happy. (JONKA) 
AINA KUN ON OMISTUS --> WHOSE!
WHOSE = käytetään kun viitataan ihmisiin / asioihin / 
esineihin / eläimiin: JONKA, JOIDEN 
The house, WHOSE doors were blue, was pretty. (JONKA) 
AINA KUN ON OMISTUS --> WHOSE! 
Saattaa kuulostaa hassulta käyttää WHOSE kun viitataan esineeseen. 
Se onkin puhekieltä. Voit myös käyttää tätä hienompaa konstruktiota: 
OF WHICH 
The house [=asia/esine], the doors OF WHICH were blue, was pretty.
WHICH (HUOM: WITCH = NOITA) 
1. I like shops WHICH have lots of different 
things for sale. 
(viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä 
kävisi myös THAT)
WHICH (HUOM: WITCH = NOITA) 
1. I like shops WHICH have lots of different things for sale. 
(viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä kävisi myös 
THAT) 
2. There are a lot of questions to WHICH I have no 
answer. 
(preposition jälkeen (tässä TO) ei saa olla THAT, eli 
pakko olla WHICH koska viittaa asiaan)
WHICH (HUOM: WITCH = NOITA) 
1. I like shops WHICH have lots of different things for sale. 
(viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä kävisi myös THAT) 
2. There are a lot of questions to WHICH I have no answer. 
(preposition jälkeen (tässä TO) ei saa olla THAT, eli pakko olla WHICH 
koska viittaa asiaan) 
3. I won the lottery, WHICH was great! 
(jos viitataan kokonaiseen lauseeseen tulee WHICH. 
Mikä on mahtavaa? Ei lottoa, vain se, että voitin lottossa)
THAT 
1. I like shops THAT have lots of different things 
for sale. 
(viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä 
käivisi myös WHICH)
THAT 
1. I like shops THAT have lots of different things for sale. 
(viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä käivisi myös 
WHICH) 
2. All THAT she needs to be happy is some chocolate. 
(näiden jälkeen on pakko olla THAT: ALL, MUCH, LITTLE, - 
THING)
THAT 
1. I like shops THAT have lots of different things for sale. 
(viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä käivisi myös WHICH) 
2. All THAT she needs to be happy is some chocolate. 
(näiden jälkeen on pakko olla THAT: ALL, MUCH, LITTLE, -THING) 
Ennen ETTÄ tulee aina pilkku. 
Ennen THAT ei tule IKINÄ pilkkua!!!
Mikä on a-b-c:n ero? 
a. I like chocolate that is sweet. 
b. I like chocolate which is sweet. 
c. I like chocolate, which is sweet.
Mikä on a-b-c:n ero? 
a. I like chocolate that is sweet. 
b. I like chocolate which is sweet. 
= tykkään makeasta suklaasta 
c. I like chocolate, which is sweet. 
= se, että tykkään suklaasta, on ihana/mukava. 
(which viittaa koko edelliseen lauseeseen)
WHAT 
1. WHAT she said is true. 
(se, mitä hän sanoi oli totta)
WHAT 
1. WHAT she said is true. 
(se, mitä hän sanoi oli totta) 
2. You can't always get WHAT you want. 
(et voi aina saada sitä mitä haluat)
WHAT 
1. WHAT she said is true. 
(se, mitä hän sanoi oli totta) 
2. You can't always get WHAT you want. 
(et voi aina saada sitä mitä haluat) 
Huom! 
3. I couldn't fit ALL THAT I needed into my bag. 
(kaikki, mitä tarvitsen; all + that!)
Mikä on näiden ero? 
1. My uncle, who lives is Sweden, is rich. 
2. My uncle who lives in Sweden is rich.
Mikä on näiden ero? 
1. My uncle, who lives is Sweden, is rich. 
-> who lives in Sweden on pilkkujen välissä, eli 
ylimääräistä tietoa, mikä voi jättää pois. Minulla on 
siis luultavasti vain 1 setä ja kaikki tietää, ketä 
tarkoitan. 
2. My uncle who lives in Sweden is rich. 
-> who lives in Sweden ei ole pilkkujen välissä, eli 
tarpeellinen tieto, joka ei voi jättää pois. Minulla on 
siis useampi setä ja on pakko tarkentaa, ketä 
tarkoitan.

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Relative pronouns (lukio)

  • 1. RELATIIVIPRONOMINIT WHO, WHOSE, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHAT = JOKA / MIKÄ / JONKA / jne.
  • 2. Mieti ensin näitä…. 1. This is the girl _____ crashed her car. 2. This is the girl _____ I told you about. 3. That's the man _____ car was stolen. 4. The house, _____ doors were blue, was pretty. 5. The people _____ cars were stolen were sad. 6. The dog ______ ear was chewed off was happy. 7. I like shops _____ have lots of different things for sale. 8. There are a lot of questions to _____ I have no answer. 9. I won the lottery, _____ was great! 10. _____ she said is true. 11. You can't always get _____ you want. 12. I couldn't fit ______ I needed into my bag. (bongaa vastaukset seuraavissa slaidissa!)
  • 3. WHO ja WHOM käytetään kun viitataan IHMISIIN. WHO käytetään, jos se viittaa subjektiin - tekijä: This is the girl WHO crashed her car. (Kuka romutti? Tyttö.) WHOM käytetään, jos se viittaa objektiin - tekemisen kohde: This is the girl WHOM I told you about. (Kuka kertoi? Minä. Kenestä kerroin? Tytöstä.)
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. WHOSE = käytetään kun viitataan ihmisiin / asioihin / esineihin / eläimiin: JONKA, JOIDEN That's the man WHOSE car was stolen. (JONKA) The house, WHOSE doors were blue, was pretty. (JONKA) The people WHOSE cars were stolen were sad. (JOIDEN) The dog WHOSE ear was chewed off was happy. (JONKA) AINA KUN ON OMISTUS --> WHOSE!
  • 7. WHOSE = käytetään kun viitataan ihmisiin / asioihin / esineihin / eläimiin: JONKA, JOIDEN The house, WHOSE doors were blue, was pretty. (JONKA) AINA KUN ON OMISTUS --> WHOSE! Saattaa kuulostaa hassulta käyttää WHOSE kun viitataan esineeseen. Se onkin puhekieltä. Voit myös käyttää tätä hienompaa konstruktiota: OF WHICH The house [=asia/esine], the doors OF WHICH were blue, was pretty.
  • 8. WHICH (HUOM: WITCH = NOITA) 1. I like shops WHICH have lots of different things for sale. (viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä kävisi myös THAT)
  • 9. WHICH (HUOM: WITCH = NOITA) 1. I like shops WHICH have lots of different things for sale. (viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä kävisi myös THAT) 2. There are a lot of questions to WHICH I have no answer. (preposition jälkeen (tässä TO) ei saa olla THAT, eli pakko olla WHICH koska viittaa asiaan)
  • 10. WHICH (HUOM: WITCH = NOITA) 1. I like shops WHICH have lots of different things for sale. (viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä kävisi myös THAT) 2. There are a lot of questions to WHICH I have no answer. (preposition jälkeen (tässä TO) ei saa olla THAT, eli pakko olla WHICH koska viittaa asiaan) 3. I won the lottery, WHICH was great! (jos viitataan kokonaiseen lauseeseen tulee WHICH. Mikä on mahtavaa? Ei lottoa, vain se, että voitin lottossa)
  • 11. THAT 1. I like shops THAT have lots of different things for sale. (viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä käivisi myös WHICH)
  • 12. THAT 1. I like shops THAT have lots of different things for sale. (viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä käivisi myös WHICH) 2. All THAT she needs to be happy is some chocolate. (näiden jälkeen on pakko olla THAT: ALL, MUCH, LITTLE, - THING)
  • 13. THAT 1. I like shops THAT have lots of different things for sale. (viittaa asiaan/esineeseen/eläimeen - tässä käivisi myös WHICH) 2. All THAT she needs to be happy is some chocolate. (näiden jälkeen on pakko olla THAT: ALL, MUCH, LITTLE, -THING) Ennen ETTÄ tulee aina pilkku. Ennen THAT ei tule IKINÄ pilkkua!!!
  • 14. Mikä on a-b-c:n ero? a. I like chocolate that is sweet. b. I like chocolate which is sweet. c. I like chocolate, which is sweet.
  • 15. Mikä on a-b-c:n ero? a. I like chocolate that is sweet. b. I like chocolate which is sweet. = tykkään makeasta suklaasta c. I like chocolate, which is sweet. = se, että tykkään suklaasta, on ihana/mukava. (which viittaa koko edelliseen lauseeseen)
  • 16. WHAT 1. WHAT she said is true. (se, mitä hän sanoi oli totta)
  • 17. WHAT 1. WHAT she said is true. (se, mitä hän sanoi oli totta) 2. You can't always get WHAT you want. (et voi aina saada sitä mitä haluat)
  • 18. WHAT 1. WHAT she said is true. (se, mitä hän sanoi oli totta) 2. You can't always get WHAT you want. (et voi aina saada sitä mitä haluat) Huom! 3. I couldn't fit ALL THAT I needed into my bag. (kaikki, mitä tarvitsen; all + that!)
  • 19. Mikä on näiden ero? 1. My uncle, who lives is Sweden, is rich. 2. My uncle who lives in Sweden is rich.
  • 20. Mikä on näiden ero? 1. My uncle, who lives is Sweden, is rich. -> who lives in Sweden on pilkkujen välissä, eli ylimääräistä tietoa, mikä voi jättää pois. Minulla on siis luultavasti vain 1 setä ja kaikki tietää, ketä tarkoitan. 2. My uncle who lives in Sweden is rich. -> who lives in Sweden ei ole pilkkujen välissä, eli tarpeellinen tieto, joka ei voi jättää pois. Minulla on siis useampi setä ja on pakko tarkentaa, ketä tarkoitan.