Anaphora Resolution

1. A Hybrid Approach for
Anaphora Resolution in Hindi
By :-
MujadiaVandan (201323602)
Krishnakant Vishwakarma (201321582)
Paper courtesy (Praveen et.al)

2. Contents
 What is Anaphora/Cataphora?
 Types of Anaphora
 Dataset
◦ Annotation scheme
 Approaches
 Results
 Applications

3. What Anaphora/ Cataphora
means?
Cataphora
Anaphora (Act of carrying back)

4. Types of Anaphora
Reflexive Pronoun
{"अपने","अपना","अपनी","खुद"}
Spatial/Locative Pronoun
{"वहाां","यहाां","जहाां","वहााँ"}
Relative Pronoun
{"जजसका","जजससे","जो","जजसे"}
Personal Pronoun
First, Second,Third person.
Event

5. Data set(Hindi/Urdu Treebank)

6. Annotation Scheme
 Extends the SSF format by introducing the
attribute value pair ‘ref’.
ref=‘..%Sentence-id%NP(Chunk-id)’.
Ex: ref=‘..%3%NP17’
ref=‘NP5’.
Marked on PRP in SSF format.

7. Approach
 Hybrid Approach
◦ Rule Base (Base line)
◦ Learning Base(Decision tree, SVM)

8. Hybrid System

9. Rule base(Reflexive)

10. Rule base(Locative)
Like this they have used different dependency(Karaka
relation) to resolve relative and personal anaphora in
order of (k1 >k2 >r6 >k4 >k3 >others) for personal
anaphora resolution.

11. Features(for Learning)
 Number : singular, plural, honorific
 Named Entity categories:‘Person’, ’
Organization’ ,’Location ’ ,’ Number/Time’
 Distance feature: #NP chunks and
#sentences between the pronoun and the
candidate NP.
 Animacy : ‘human’,‘animate’,‘rest’.

12. Learning Instances

13. Result

14. Applications
 Machine Translation
 Information Extraction
 Summarization
 And in……….almost all NLP applications

15. ThankYou