Comparative study to assess the Behavioral and Emotional Problems among School Going Orphans and Non-Orphans of Nadiad

1. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 9 ¦ 2022 1397
Comparative study to assess the Behavioral and
Emotional Problems among School Going Orphans and
Non-Orphans of Nadiad
Krishna Patel1
, Dhruti Thakar2
, Binal Makwana3
, Avani Macwan4
, Urjita Zala5
, Pinkal Rohit6
, Dhara Vyas7*
1,2,3,4,5,6
Students of Final Year B.Sc Nursing
7
Associate Professor cum Head of Department of Child Health Nursing, Dinsha Patel College of Nursing, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.
Email: dharasmile24@gmail.com
DOI: 10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S09.168
Introduction:Children in a Orphanage have many problems which are normally not faced by Non-Orphan Children. Orphans living in the
Orphanages are more prone to Behavioral and Emotionl Problems than other children living with their parents as they are deprived of
family`s love and care. There is a dearth studies focusing on the Differences Psychological Health of the Orphans and Non-Orphans in India.
Therefore we have conducted a non-experimental comparative study to assess the emotional and behavioral problems of orphans and non-
orphans.
OBJECTIVES: 1.To assess the behavioral and emotional problems of school going orphans.
2.To assess the behavioral and emotional problems of school going children living with their parents. 3.To study the Association between
sociodemographic parameters and emotional and behavioral problems in orphans and non-orphans. 4.To compare the emotional and
behavioral problems of school going orphans and non orphans AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess the Emotional and Behavioral
Problems of Orphans and Non-orphans.
Materials And Methods:The sample consisted of 30 Orphans and 30 Non-Orphans in the Orphanage and selected Schools in Nadiad City.
The Sociodemographic data were collected using a Self Structured Questionnaire. The Self Structured Questionnaire was used to assess the
Emotional And Behavioral Problems in them.
Results:In our study, 12(40%) out of 30 Orphans were found to having Severe Emotional and Behavioral Problems and 18(60%) out of 30
Orphans were found to having Moderate Emotional and Behavioral Problems while 3(10%)out of 30 Non- Orphans were found to having
severe Emotional and Behavioral and 20(66.66%) out of 30 Non-Orphans were found to having Moderate Emotional and Behavioral
Problems and 07(23.33%) out of 30 Non -Orphans were found to having Mild Emotional and Behavioral Problems.
Conclusion:This Study reports the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-Orphans. Majority of the Orphans compared to
Non-Orphans exhibited the Emotional and Behavioral Problems. The study found that Orphans were more likely to be emotionally needy,
sad and feel lonely.
Keywords: Assess, Orphans, Non-Orphans, Behavioral Problems, Emotional Problems, Compare.
INTRODUCTION
Childhood is one of the most demanding progressive stages where it needs equal emotional bonds between the children and
parents or their caregivers for a healthy physical, emotional ans social development for a child which follows from
centuries.1Family is the first school and parents are the first teachers of a child in forming his behavior. In the case of orphans
they are away from parents and their models in behaviour forming are peer groups or others2,3. The loss of parents during
childhood also termed as orphanhood is considered stressful and deemed as a risk factor for poor mental of children.4An orphan
is child who has lost either a single parent or both the parents and suffers for love, affection, care and concern. It is estimated
that around 220 million orphans are in world wide. Everyday in world 5,760 children become orphan.5 Orphans in a group
homes or institutions need more love, care as there are more threats to achievement or development which can result to
loneliness, confusion, isolation, mistrust etc.6 Most of studies revealed that orphans suffer higher level of psychosocial

2. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 9 ¦ 2022 1398
problems than their non –orphan peers.7It is found that orphan had low psychological well-being whereas the non- orphan had
High psychological-well-being.8Orphanhood often results in loss of family income , poorer health and emotional problems.it
may also disturb family network and adds further responsibility for family members and caretaker. Emotional and Behavioral
Problems are more among orphans and other vulnerable children because they are exposed to abuse, exploitation, neglect, lack
of love and care of parentsThey are more likely to be emotionally needy, insecure and needy.9,10,11.Most of the orphans
suppress their feelings and trying to forget past, parents, and orphanhood to overcome grief. For most of the children inmates
of the orphanage become their family, and they used to support each other. There are some orphans are guilty for their situation
and thus prefer to stay alone and cry their heart out. There are some children who engaged into bad habits to cope with their
problems.12,13.
Objective of the study were
To assess the behavioral and emotional problems of school going orphans.
To assess the behavioral and emotional problems of school going children living with their parents.
To study the Association between sociodemographic parameters and emotional and behavioral problems in orphans and
non-orphans.
To compare the emotional and behavioral problems of school going orphans and non orphans.
Methods:
A non-experimental comparative study was conducted in 2022 by distributing a self structured questionnaire among orphans
and the non orphans. A brief description of study objectives was explained and by convenience, those who agrred to respond
to the questionnaire confirmed their agreement through signing the consent form. Participants who were not willing to
participate were excluded.This study was approved by the institutional research committee of the dinsha patel college of
nuesing, gujarat. Participation was voluntary with assurance about the confidentiality of their information, as no identifiers or
personal information were collected.
The data collection tool comprised of 2 sections, namely the participant`s demographic details, the emotional and behavioral
problems assessment tool(five point likert scale, 30 items). participant`s detail include age (years), gender, reason of
homelessness, age of admission in orphanage, years of stayinf in orphanage, religion, no. of meals per day, educational level
and academic performance. Five point likert scale includes 30 items for emotional and behavioral problems where one score
for 'never' and five score for 'always'. The higher score indicates severe emotional and behavioral problems. The concurrent
validity and reliability were obtained ny (cronbach`s alpha: 0.90) data were analyzed using inferential and regressive analysis.
Result:
Among 30 Orphans, 15(50%) orphan aged 8-12 years and 15(50%) orphan aged 12-18 years.12(40%)were male and 18(60%)
were female. 17(56.66%) having good academic performnce, 10(33.33%) having average academic performance and 03(10%)
having poor academic performance. 28(93.33%) were hindu, 01(3.33%) were christian and 01(3.33%) were belong to other
religion. 28(93.33%) samples were going to school and 02(6.66%) samples were not going to school. 11(36.66%) samples were
going to primary school, 12(40%) samples were going to secondary school and 07(23.33%) were going to higher secondary
school.
Among 30 Non-Orphans 5(16.66%) aged 8-12 years and 25(83.33%) aged 12-18 years. 11(36.66%) were male and 19(63.33%)
were female. 26(96.66%) having good academic performnce, 04(3.33%) having average academic performance and 00(00%)
having poor academic performance.26(86.66%) were hindu and 04(13.33%) were christian. 30(100%) samples were going to
school. 30(100%) samples were going to secondary school.

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The overall mean score of emotional and behavioral problems in orphans was 75.8 + 12.21 and in non-orphans it was 64.33 +
8.84. among them 40% orphans and 10% non-orphans have severe emotional and behavioral problems, 60% orphans and
56.66% non-orphans moderate emotional and behavioral problems and 00% orphans and 23.33% non-orphans mild emotional
and behavioral problems.
Table 1. Demographic Details Of The Orphans (N=30)
SR
No.
Demographic Data Frequency Distirbution
• Age
A. 8-12 years
B. 12-18 Years
15
15
50%
50%
• Gender
A. Male
B. Female
C. Others
12
18
00
40%
60%
00%
• Reason for Being in the Institution
A. Death of Parents
B. Abandoned by Parents
C. Runaways
D. Not Appilcable
25
05
00
00
83.33%
16.66%
00%
00%
• Years of the Stays in The Institutional Homes
A. < 1 Years
B. 1-5 Years
C. > 5 Years
D. Not Applicable
06
09
15
00
20%
30%
50%
00%
• Admitted Age
A. Below 5 Years
B. 5-10 Years
C. > 10 Years
D. Not Applicable
09
15
06
00
30%
50%
20%
00%
• Academic Performance
A. Good
B. Average
C. Poor
17
10
03
56.66%
33.33%
10%
• Religion
A. Hindu
B. Muslim
C. Christian
D. Others
28
01
00
01
93.33%
3.33%
00%
3.33%
• Recent Frequency Meals Per Day
A. 1 Meal
B. 2 Meal
C. 3 Meal
D. > 3 Meal
00
19
07
04
00%
63.33%
23.33%
13.33%
• Have Been in School
A. Yes
B. No
28
02
93.33%
6.66%
• Educational Level

4. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 9 ¦ 2022 1400
A. Primary School
B. Secondary School
C. Higher Secondary School
D. Undergraduate
11
12
07
00
36.66%
40%
23.33%
00%
• Diet
A. Vegetarian
B. Non-Vegetarian
30
00
100%
00%
Table 2. Demographic Details Of The Non-Orphans (N=30)
SR
No.
Demographic Data Frequency Distirbution
1. Age
A. 8-12 years
B. 12-18 Years
05
25
16.66%
83.33%
2. Gender
A. Male
B. Female
C. Others
11
19
00
36.66%
63.33%
00%
3. Reason for Being in the Institution
A. Death of Parents
B. Abandoned by Parents
C. Runaways
D. Not Appilcable
00
00
00
30
00%
00%
00%
100%
4. Years of the Stays in The Institutional Homes
A. < 1 Years
B. 1-5 Years
C. > 5 Years
D. Not Applicable
00
00
00
30
00%
00%
00%
100%
5. Admitted Age
E. Below 5 Years
F. 5-10 Years
G. > 10 Years
H. Not Applicable
00
00
00
30
30%
50%
20%
00%
6. Academic Performance
A. Good
B. Average
C. Poor
26
04
00
86.66%
13.33%
00%
7. Religion
A. Hindu
B. Muslim
C. Christian
D. Others
26
00
04
00
86.66%
00%
13.33%
00%
8. Recent Frequency Meals Per Day
A. 1 Meal
B. 2 Meal
C. 3 Meal
D. > 3 Meal
00
19
11
00
00%
63.33%
36.66%
00%
9. Have Been in School
A. Yes
B. No
30
00
100%
00%
10. Educational Level
A. Primary School
B. Secondary School
C. Higher Secondary School
D. Undergraduate
00
30
00
00
00%
100%
00%
00%

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11. Diet
A. Vegetarian
B. Non-Vegetarian
26
04
86.66%
13.33%
Figure 1: Mean Score Of Emotional Problems Of Orphans and Non-Orphans.
Figure 1 depicts the Mean Score of Emotional Problems of Orphans and Non-Orphans. Orphan`s Mean score ofEmotional
Problems is 28 while Non-Orphans Mean score is 22.5. The higher score indicates more Emotional Problems. Which shows
that Orphans have more Emotional Problems than Non-orphans.
Figure 2: Bar Graph Showing Mean Score OfBehavioralProblems Of Orphans and Non-Orphans
Figure 2 depicts the Mean Score of Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-Orphans. Orphan`s Mean score ofBehavioral
Problems is 47.8 while Non-Orphans Mean score is 41.8. The higher score indicates more Behavioral Problems. Which shows
that Orphans have more Behavioral Problems than Non-orphans.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Orphans Non-Orphans
28
22.5 Orphans
Non-Orphans
38
40
42
44
46
48
Orphans Non-Orphans
47.8
41.8
Orphans
Non-Orphans

6. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 9 ¦ 2022 1402
Figure 3: Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-Orphans
Figure 2 depicts the Mean Score of Percentage Distribution of Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-
Orphans. 12(40%) out of 30 Orphans were found to having Severe Emotional and Behavioral Problems and 18(60%) out of 30
Orphans were found to having Moderate Emotional and Behavioral Problems while 3(10%) out of 30 Non- Orphans were
found to having severe Emotional and Behavioral and 20(66.66%) out of 30 Non-Orphans were found to having Moderate
Emotional and Behavioral Problems and 07(23.33%) out of 30 Non -Orphans were found to having Mild Emotional and
Behavioral Problems.
Table 3. The Association Of Emotional And Behavioral Peoblems With Selected Demographic Variables Of Orphans.
Demographic Variable Score Total Chi-
squar
e
P
value
Sig/n
on
sig.
Seve
re
Moder
ate
Mild
Age 8-12 Yr. 08 07 00 15 2.222
2
0.1360
37
NS
12-18 Yr 04 11 00 15
Gender Male 06 06 00 12 0.833
3
0.3613
1
NS
Female 06 12 00 18
Other 00 00 00 00
Reason
For
Being In
The
Institutio
n
Parent`s Death 08 17 00 25 4 0.0455 S
Abandoned By
Parents
04 01 00 05
Runaways 00 00 00 00
Not Applicable 00 00 00 00
Years Of
The
Stays In
The
Institutio
nal
<1 Year 02 04 00 06 1.296
3
0.5230
13
NS
1-5 Year 05 04 00 09
>5 Year 05 10 00 15
Not Applicable 00 00 00 00
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Mild Moderate Severe
0%
60.00%
40.00%
23.33%
56.66%
10%
Orphans
Non-Orphans

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Homes
Admitte
d Age
Below 5 Year 04 05 00 09 0.185
2
0.9115
65
NS
5-10 Year 06 09 00 15
>10 Year 02 04 00 06
Not applicable 00 00 00 00
Academi
c
Perform
ance
Mild 04 13 00 17 6.838
2
0.0327
41
S
Moderate 05 05 00 10
Severe 03 00 00 03
Religion Hindu 11 17 00 28 2.172
6
0.3374
6
NS
Muslim 00 01 00 01
Christian 00 00 00 00
Others 01 00 00 01
Recent
Frequen
cy Meals
Per Day
1 Meal 00 00 00 00 1.311
1
0.5191
59
NS
2 Meal 07 12 00 19
3 Meal 04 03 00 07
>3 Meal 01 03 00 04
Have
Been In
School
Yes 11 17 00 28 0.089
3
0.7650
87
NS
No 01 01 00 02
Educatio
n Level
Primary School 07 04 00 11 4.066
6
0.1309
06
NS
Secondary School 03 09 00 12
Higher Secondary
School
02 05 00 07
Table 4. The Association Of Emotional And Behavioral Peoblems With Selected Demographic Variables Of Non-Orphans.
Demographic Variable Score Tot
al
Chi-
square
P
value
Sig /
Non
Sig.
Severe Moderate Mild
Age 8-12 Yr. 00 02 03 05 4.6971 0.95 NS
12-18 Yr 03 18 04 25
Gender Male 01 04 06 11 9.6582 0.007 S
Female 02 16 01 19
Other 00 00 00 00
Academic
Performance
Mild 00 19 07 26 14.5733 0.0006 S
Moderate 03 01 00 04
Severe 00 00 00 00
Religion Hindu 03 18 05 26 5.5977 0.60 NS
Muslim 00 00 00 00
Christian 00 02 02 04
Others 00 00 00 00
Recent
Frequency
Meals Per
1 Meal 00 00 00 00 2.7683 0.25 NS
2 Meal 01 12 06 19
3 Meal 02 08 01 11

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Day >3 Meal 00 00 00 00
Diet Vegetarian 03 18 05 26 2.0604 0.3569
29
NS
Non-
Vegetarian
00 02 02 04
Association of emotional and behavioral peoblems of orphans and non-orphans with selected demographic variables.
The study represents there was statistical significance between emotional and behavioral peoblems gender, academic
performance and reason of homelessness. There was no statistical significance betweenemotional and behavioral peoblems and
demographic variables such as age, religion, admitted age, diet pattern , educational level.
Table 5: Summary of the t-values for Emotional And Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-Orphans
Group N Mean S.D. T values Level of
significance
Orphans 30 75.8 12.21 4.0053 0.0002
Non-orphans 30 64.33 8.84
Total 60
Table 5 shows that the t-values of 4.0053 for Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Orphans and Non-Orphans are extremely
statistically significant at 0.0002 level with (df=58).It indicates that the score of Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Orphans
and Non-Orphans differ significantly.On examining the mean scores,it can be inferred that the mean score ofEmotional and
Behavioral Problems of Orphans is 75.8 which is significantly higher than the Non-Orphans(M=64.33).In the light of this result
the null hypothesis namely "there will be no significant difference between mean Emotional and Behavioral Problems of
Orphans and Non-Orphans student" is rejected.It can be inferred that the Orphans have higher Emotional and Behavioral
Problems than Non Orphans.
Discussion
Our study found that the orphans have more emotional and behavioral problems than the non-orphans. The study represents
there was statistical significance between emotional and behavioral peoblems gender, academic performance and reason of
homelessness. There was no statistical significance between emotional and behavioral peoblems and demographic variables
such as age, religion, admitted age, diet pattern , educational level.
Conclusion
This study report the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems is more in orphans than the non-orphans. There is a
need to identify the factors contributing the emotional and behavioral problems of orphans and provide appropriate education,
care to reduce the problems.
Ethics Declaration and Consent
Dinsha patel college of nursing, institute ethics committee reviewed this study and granted ethical approval. Consent has been
obtained from all participants.

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