2. •,
~
m
~
7
>-~
~
>-
•
•'"~
~~
:;:i:
wea
-~
I-u~
.....~
&=@
0",,;
•
"0
S::;;!;:
11"-~
C.>
~
..,U
3u
~
s~..:
u
•~
..~
..~
•~
~
0
~
u
.::~
>::
~
U
u
Q%
~
..s
u..::
..t:;
..~
:.:
'"~
00
~•'"
0
"
~
0
"
~y
N
~r
..~
~
•0y
•~
'"'"
u
..
0
"-w
~
::;:
'"0•~
~~
r
~
I
a:

3. Y.lIK 373.167.1:811.161.1
BBK 81.2.Pyc.·922
B91
06pa30B8TeJlLHsg CHCTeM8 .mKOJI8 2100.
PEKOMEH,llOBAHO MHHHCTEPCTBOM QBPA3QBAHHH
I< HAYKI< POCCHRcKOR <l>E.lEPA1HH
Hay<IHblH pe,/UU:TOp - aK~eMI1K PAD A.A. JIeoHTbea
PYKOBO,ltHTeJIb ASTOPCKOro KOnJIeKTHS8 - AOu.eHT E.B. ByueeBa
ByneeB P. H ., BYHeeBaE. B.o KOMHccapoBaJI.IO., TeKyqes8 H. B.
B91 PyCCKHK HaWK. Y'IetiHHK AJUI 5-1'0 KJl8cca OCHOBHOH WKOJIhi. B 2 RH. KH. 1/
no,ll; Hay'!. peA. 8X8.,!I;. PAC A. A. JIeOHThes8. - 113.t. a-e, HCUp. - M. : Banacc,
2008. - 192 C., ".II. (06paaOSflTeJIbHas:CHCTeM8 .mKQJI8 2100., CeplfH .Cso6o,lt-
HhiA YM.).
ISBN 978-5-8:5939-661-0 (o(jUl..)
ISBN 978-5-85939-662-7 (tell. I)
Y'Ie6HHK npe,llU83S8'1CH AJlH Y'!SIltKXCJI 5-1'0 lUI. 06w.e06pa30B8'n!J1bHoA WKOJILI. Coar-
BeTCTSye-r qJeAepam.HOIq KO~"OHeHT)' rocYAAJlC'!'BeHHOro C'I1lHA8vr8 06w.ero 06pa30BIlBHH,
RBJlJleTCII DpOAOJDKeBHe/O! HenpepLlBHoro Kypca pyCCKOro Jl:3bUUl AJlH HfttUUU.uol!: IIlKOJihl H
COCTIlBHOJi: "I8CThlO f{ONDJleK1'8 OI5P&30B8T1'!JU.1I0A CIlCTeMbi .WIIOJIa 21()(h.
TIPOAOJI)f(8eT OCHOBHble JlIIHHIl pa3BIITJUl y'la~KXCll CpeACTUMK IIpe.!{MeTB .PYCCIIH!
fl3YII_: 4lopMHpofI8.HHe ¢lYHIIIl,.IIOH8JI'bHOii rp8MOTUOCTH, lIaBYKOB H YMeHHti pa3JIII'lHblX
BIIAOB ycTHOti H DHCbMeHHoA pe'lll, op¢iorpa¢lK'leeKoti II nYIIKryB.qKOIlHOA rp8MOTHOCTII,
coo6uteUKe H CKCTeNaTK3all,lIf1 311AHHA 0 M3YKe, pa3BKTlle 'I}'1JCTBa fl3b11U1.
Y.lIK 373.167.1:811.161.1
BBK 81.2.Pyc,·922
)l;aHHblii yqe6HHK B lI,eJlOM H BHK8K8S1 ero 'IBeTh He MOryT 6blTh
CKonHpoBBHbl 6e3 p83peweHHSf BJI8,.Il;eJIhll,a 8BTOPCKHX npall
ISBN 978·5·85939·661·0 (06",.)
ISBN 978·5·85939·662·7 (HH. 1)
C P.H.SYlIeeB, E.B.BYlleeBa, JIJO.KoMuccapoB8,
H.B.TeKY<feaa, 1999,2000,2005
to KOBlI,enll,lISI Y'le6HlIl(a - P.H.SYlleel'l, E.B.Syueeu,
1999.2000.2005
C 000 .SaMCC., 1999. 2000, 2005
D
Y CnOBHble 0603Ha'leHHR
BOnpOCld, KOTOplde nOMOraJOT nOHHTh TeMY,
C,1l;eJIRTb BldBO.n;.
::lTO HymHo 3aTIOMHHTb.
,I{onOJIHHTeJIhHlde CBe,lJ;eHHH 0 H3ldKe.
06paTH oc06oe BHHMRHHe!
MaTepHaJI ,1l;JIH HR6JIIO,1l;eHHH.
YnpamHeHH.R ,lJ;JIH pa3BHTHH YCTHOH peqH.
(Pp) YilpalKHeHH" lIJI" pa3BHTH" IIHChMeH-
HOH peqH.
YnpamHeHHH ,1l;JIH ,lJ;OMamHeH pa60TbI.
TeKCTld B3HTld H3 npOH3Be.n;eSHH, BKJIlOqeHHhlX B
yqe6HHK-xpeCTOMaTHIO no JIHTepaType .mar 3a ro-
PH30HT> (5·il: KJIacc).
3HaKH OKono enoB 0603Ha'iaIOT:
gCHblii
1
BldIIOJIHH qx,HeT1{tIecKHH pa360p CJIOBa.
BemIKO,lJ;ymHbI~ BbillOJIHH pa360p no COCT8.BY If CJIOBO-
06pa30BaTeJIbHhlH pa360p CJIOBa.
~e,llpOCTb3 BbIllOJIHH MOPCPOJIOrH'tJ:eCKlfH pa360p
(pa36epH CJIOBO KaK '!aCTh pe,!H).
A BOCTOR BCe
•ropHT, pa3rOpaeTCg,
,llOCTOgHUe*
BhlrrOJIHH cHHTaKCHlleCKHH pa360p
rrpe,lJ;JIOjl(eHHH.
3HalleHHe CJIOBa 06'bHCHHeTCH B TOJIKO-
BOM CJIOBape B KOHu;e yqe6HHKa.
3

4. C8emJloil naM..Jlmu uawezo YllUmeJlR
npocjJeccopa
M uxaU.Jla TpOcjJuJ<o8U~a BapaH08a
noc8J",{aeJ< .my pa6omy.
BBE.tEHHE. lbl H3Y'IaeWb PYCCKHH 1I3blK
1. npOYHTaH OTPblSOK 1013 KHHrH 11.B. YcneHCKoro «enOSO 0 cno-
sax». nonblTaHCSI npOAOn>KHTb Mblcnb aSTopa nocne MHOrOTO'"4HSI.
B HOMepe KaKOrO-TO mypHaJIa MBe norraJICH paCCKa3 Kyrr-
pHHa. Ha3bIBaJICH OB ~BeqepHHH 1'0CTb)).
HaCKOJIbKO SI rrOMHIO, paCCKaa Be rrpOH3BE:!JI HR MeHH 60JIb-
IDOI'O Bne'tJaTJIeHHH; Terrepb H ,o;ame He CKa.my BaM TOqHO, 0
qeM TaM 1'0BOPHJIOCb. Ho O,o;B8 MaJIeHbK8..R: c:u;eHKa H3 Hero Ha-
BCel',o;a BpeaaJIaCb MHe B naMSITb, XOTH B Te ,o;HH MHe 6b1JIO em;e
OqeHb HeMHOI'O JIeT - ,o;eCHTb HJIH ,o;BeHa,ll;:u;aTb, He 6oJIee.
l{TO MeHH B Heft nOpaaHJIO?
B KOMHaTe CH,lI;HT qeJIOBeK, a co ,o;Bopa K HeMY KTO-TO H,lI;eT,
KaKOM-TO • BeqepHHH 1'0CTb)). .
~ •••BOT cKpHIIHyJIa KaJIHTKa••• BOT np03ByqaJIM rnaI'M rro,o;
OKH8MH••• 51 CJIblIIIy, KaK OTKpbIBaeTCH ,o;Bepb, - IIHmeT Kyrr-
pHH. - Ceihlac OR Boii:.Jl;ih, H Mem.n;y RaMH npOHaoii,n;ih' caMas
06L1KHOBeRRas H caMas HenOBSTRaH Be~b B MHpe: Mid
RaqReM paarOBapHBaTL. rOCTb, H3,o;B.BaH aBYKH paaHOH BhIeo-
Thl H CHJIhI, 6y,n;eT Bhlpa.maTb CBOH MbICJIH, a H 6y,o;y CJIymaTb
3TH 3BYKOBlde KOJIe6aRHH Boa,n;yxa H pa3r8AIdBaTb, 'liTO OBH
3UaqaT... Hero MLICJIH CTaHYT MOHMH MldCJUIMH ••• 0, R3R Ta-
HHCTBeBBId, Raft CTpaBHhI, !taR HenOBHTHId ,ll;JIH Hac caMlde
npOCTlde mH3ReUHwe JlBJIeHHH!))
IIpoqHTB.B TOr,ll;a 3TH CTPOKH, Sl OCT8.HOBHJICSI B cMyrn;eHHH.
CHaqa.na MBe nOKa3aJIOCb, qTO aBTOp CMeeTCSI BaAo MHOH•••
• 4TO >Ke Ha3blBaeT AJ1. KynpHH «caMOH 06blKHoseHHOH 101 ca-
MOH HenOHSITHOH sew,bK> B MHpe»? • KaKYK> Mblcnb npOHl1l1K>CTPH-
posan Y'"4eHbIH-Sl3bIKoseA 11.B. YcneHCKHH C nOMOll..J.bK> OTpblSKa 1013
paCCKa3a KynpHHa? • KaK 6bl Tbl ccpopMynHposan TeMY Hawero
nepBoro ypOKa pYCCKoro S'l3bIKa? CAenaTb 3TO Te6e nOMO>KeT
TeKCT ynp. 2.
2. npO'"4HTaH OTPblSOK 1013 noseCTH 11.A. KaCCHIlSI «6YAbTe ro-
TOBbl, Bawe SbICO'"4eCTBO». 4TO Tbl MO>KeWb CKa3aTb 0 repoSlx?
• nonpo6YH npeAnOnO>KHTb, KaK 6YAYT pa3SHSaTbCS'I C06blTHSI B
nOBeCTH.
- Hy, - CK8aaJI Bo.maThlH* IOpa, rrpe,ll;CTaBHB rOCTSl pe6S1-
TaM B03JIe rraJIaTKH HOMep qeTblpe, - BOT BaM HOBeHbKHH. KTO
OH TaKOH, BbI Bce yme aBaeTe. Ha,n;eIOCb, C)l;pymHTeCb. H no-
meJI nOKa, a BbI TyT rrOKamHTe I'OCTIO Ham JIarepb.
X"Tep 6LIJI BOlKaThlH! 06"'HB"JI " ymeJI. )J;OTOJIKYHTeCL,
MOJI, caMHI
MHHYTbI TpH BepHblX ,lI;JIHJIOCh MOJPI8HHe. ,[(eBO~n(H YKpa,n;-
KOH nOrJISI,lI;blBaJIH Ha npHH:u;a. MaJlhllHmKH B yUop paCCMaT·
PHBaJIH el'O. A TOT CTOHJI, BblCOKOMepHO 3a,ll;paB rOJIOBY, HO
q aCTO nOMapl'HBaSl rrpHcrrym;eBHblMH BeKaMH.
HruwHeI TapaCKa pem"JICH.
- ExaH-6xaii! - rrPOH3HeC OH HeYBepeHHO.
OT rrpHH:u;a OTBeTa He rrOCJIe,ll;OBaJIO. Ho TYM8Ka OT HpocJIa-
Ba TapacKa nOJIyqHJI.
- I'yll lIeH, MaH q,peHII! ,lJ;y 10 CIT"K "HrJI"m? - CTapaTeJIL-
HO Bbll'OBOPHJI nHoHep*, XBaCTaBIDHH, 'liTO OH rOBopHT
nO-aHI'JIHHCKH.
- Hec, aH ,lI;y, - paBHo,n;ymHo H BSlJIO OTBeTHJI npHuD;.

5. TapaCKa pemHJI, 'tITO OH ,lI;OJImeH nOMO'tlb:
- IIapJI'; By <>paBe';?
- me napJIb, Me Tpe MaJIb. - IIPHHIJ, rJISlHYJI H3-no,o; nOJIy-
onym;eHHblX BeR Ha TapaCKY H OTBepHYJICSI.
- YJero, 'tIero OB CKa3aJI? - 3ameIITaJIH nHoHepbI .
- rOBOpHT, 'tITO rOBopHT, TOJIbKO, rOBopHT, IIJIOXO, - 1I0SlC-
HHJIa I03S1, KOTOPaSI ytIHJIa B mKOJIe <pP8HII;Y3CKHH Sl3b1K.
- HH'tIero ce6e nJIOxo, C XO,ll;Y pemeT, - 3aMeTHJI C yBame-
HHeM TapaCKa.
IIpHHIJ, B,lI;pyr BCKHHYJI rJIa3a H npOCHTeJlbHO 06BeJI HMH
pe6"T.
- A, y-3TO, no-pyccKy HeJIb3S1? - C Ha,ll;em.,lI;OH cnpOCHJI
OR. - .H IIOHHMalO BCe rOBopHTb IIO-PYCCKyl
CnepBa Bce 060MJIeJIH, a nOTOM TaKOH pa30M raJI,lI;em no-
meJI, ttTO XOTb H no-pyccKH roBOPHJIH, HO nOHSlTb, KTO npo 'tITO
TOJIKyeT, 6bIJIO HeB03MQ)KHO.
• KaKYtO Mblcnb aBTopa Tbl «npOYI-ITan Me>KAY CTPOK» B 3TOM
TeKcTe? KaK OHa CBSl3aHa C TeMoi1 YPOKa?
(Pp) 3. nOBTOpeHl-le npl-l3HaKOB TeKCTa • • n03HaKOMbCSI
C MaTepl-lanOM B paMKe. OH nOMO>KeT Te6e nOBTOpl-ITb npl-l-
3HaKI-I TeKCTa 1-1 Tl-lnbl peYI-I.
TeKCT - 3TO HeCKOJIbKO npe,ll;JIOmeHHH Ha onpe,ll;eJIeHHYIO
TeMY, CBSl3aHHbIX Mem,ll;Y C060H no CMbICJIY. B HeM pe8JIH3yeT-
CSI 3B.MblCeJI aBTopa - OCHOBHaSi MbICJIb. Ie TeKCTY MomHO IIO-
,lI;06paTb 3arOJIOBOK, KOTOPbIH IIepe,o;aeT ero TeMY HJIH OCHOB-
HYIO MbICJIb.
B TeKCTe BhI,o;eJISIeTCH HattaJIO (BcTynJIeHHe), OCHOBHaSl
Q8CTh H KOHIJ,OBKa (3aKJIIOQeHHe).
ECJIH B TeKCTe CO,ll;epmHTCSI C006m;eHHe 0 pa3BHTHH C06bI-
THH, TO T8KOH TeKCT H83b1BaeTCSI HOBeCTBOBaHHeM.
ECJIH B TeKCTe onHCblBaeTCH npe,ll;MeT lIJIH rrpe,ll;MeTbI B HX
OTHomeHHH ,lI;pyr K ,lI;pyry, TO TaKOH TeKCT H83bIB8eTCSI OHHca-
BHeM.
ECJIH B TeKCTe CO,ll;epmHTCSI CTporaSl nOCJIe,o;oBaTeJIbHOCTb
MbICJIeH, KOTopaH npHBO,ll;HT K BbIBO,ll;Y, TO TaKDH TeKCT H83bI-
B8eTCSI paccym.n;eHHeM .
IIoBeCTBOB8HHe, onHcaHHe, paccym,n;eHHe - :lTO THnbI pettH.
n"n.;.I• CocTaBb YCTHO He6011bwoi1 paccKa3nOBeCTBOBaHl-le) Ha 0AHY
1-13 npe,a,nO>KeHHbIX TeM:
1. nepBaSi BCTpeya C MOI-IM APyrOM.
2. KaK SI CTOI1KHYI1CSI C Heo6xOAI-IMOCTbtO 1-13yyaTb PYCCKI-li1 (I-IHO-
cTpaHHblH) Sl3blK.
3. BCTpeya C He3HaKOMbiM CI10BOM.
4. npOYI-ITaH TeKCTbl. 06paTI-I BHI-IMaHl-le Ha AaTbt Hanl-lCaHI-lSi Ka>K-
Aoro 1-13 HJ.1X.
PYCCKHH Sl3bIK
Bo ,lI;HH cOMHeHHii, BO ,lI;HH TSlrOCTHbIX pa3,l1;YMHH 0 cY,lI;b6ax
MoeH PO,ll;HHbI, - Tbl O,ll;HH MHe rrO,ll;,lI;epmK8 H OIlopa, 0 BeJIH-
KHH, Moryq1:lH, npaB,lI;HBbIH 1:1 CBo6o,ll;HhlH PYCCK1:IH H3bIK! He
6Y,ll;h Te6S1 - KaK He BnaCTb B OT'lIaHHHe npH BR,lI;e Bcero, 'liTO
COBepmaeTCH ,lI;OMa? Ho HeJIb3S! BepHTh, qT06bI TaROH Sl3bIK He
6bIJI liaR BeJIRKOMY Hapoilyl
(H.C. Typtel<eB, 1882 t.)
CJIOBO
MOJIttaT rp06HHIJ,b1, MYMHH H KOCTH, -
JIHIDb CJIOBY mH3Hb ,lI;8H8:
11:3 ApeBaeH TbMbI, aa MHPOBOM norOCTe*,
3ByqaT JIHillb IIHchMeH8.
Ii HeT Y Hac RHoro ,ll;OCTOHHbH*!
YMeHTe me 6epe'lb
XOTb B Mepy eRJI, B IIHR 3JIo6bI " cTPllllaRbH.
Hall lIap 6eecMepTRbIH - pe'lb.
(H.A Byl<uI<, 1915 2.)

6. ,) ,
MymecTBo
MbI 3HaeM, liTO RhIRe JIemHT Ha Becax
Ii liTO COBepmaeTCSI RhIRe.
'lJac Mym.eCTBa np06HJI aa HallHX qacax,
Ii MY)KeCTBO Hac He nORHHeT.
He CTpamHO DOA nYJISlMH MepTBbIMH JIell}"
He roPbKO OCT8.TbCSI 003 KpOBa, -
II M.hI coxpaHHM Te6.a:, pYCCK8a PH'1b,
BeJIHKOe PYCCKoe eJIOBO.
l ~.'
CBo60,lJ;HhIM H lIHCTbIM Te6S1 npOHeceM,
II BHYK8M ,u;a,n;HM, H OT TIJIeH8 cnaceM
HaBeKH!
(AA. AxMamoea, lj>eepaJtb 1942 •.)
• 3aMenm n~ Tbl, liTO Bee Tp'" np0J.13BeAeHI-iSi B "ieM-TO C03SY4-
bl APyr APyry? B '"IeM Io1MeHHO? nonblTailcSl 06bSlCHHTb • • npOi.iIo1-
ai:1 onpeAeneHHR, KOTopble HaXOASIT J..1.C. TypreHee, I-1.A. 6YHJ.1H
A.A. AXMaToea K cnoeaM PYCCKMH R3bIK, pyccKaR pe'l{b, pyc-
Ro e CJIOBO • • CpaBHIo1 HX. LiTO Tbl 3aMeTHn?
5. npOI..IJ.1TaH OTPblBOK 1013 KHHnt H.B. roroml «MepTBble AYWIo1».
CepAneBe,neHHeM Ii MYAPhlM n03HaHHeM JKRaHn oT30BeTc~
JIOBO 6pHTRHn;a; JIerKHM IJJ;erOJIeM 6JIeCHeT H paaJIeTHTC.f[2
[eAOJIroBeQHOe CJIOBO q,paHn;yaa; a8TeHJIHBO npH.ll;YMaeT CBoe,
le BCHKOMY ,zr;OCTYIIHoe, YMHO-Xy,zr;OIJJ;aBoe CJIOBO HeMen;; BO BeT
:JIOBa, KOTopoe 6hIJIO 6bI TaK aaMamHCTO, 60HKO, TaK BbIpBa-
lOCb 6bI Ha-no,zr; caMOro cep,zr;n;a, TaK 6hI KHneJIO H »CHBOTperre-
'MO, K8.K MeTKO CKa3aHHOe pYCCKoe CJIOBO.
• np04HTaH, KaKHe SlpKHe onpeAeneHHSI, 06pa3bl Hawen
'i.B. roronb, rOBOpSi 0 cBoeo6pa3HH aHrflHHCKOro, CPpaH4Y3CKO-
'0, HeMeLJ,KOro, pYCCKoro Sl3b1Ka.
~ 6. nOAroToBb yeTHblH OTBeT Ha Bonpoc, Hy>KHO m1 4enOBe-
, Ky H3Y"laTb eBoH POAHOH Sl3bIK. ,UnA nOATBep>KAeHHSI eSOHX
I MbleneH MO>KeWb Hcnonb30saTb LV1TaTbl 1013 TeKCTOB, npO"lHTaH-
HblX Ha ypOKe.
•
cnOBO B Sl3blKE H PE'4H
nOBTopeHHe H yrny6neHHe Kypca Ha'fanbHOH WKOnbl
t. CnOBO H ErO 3BYKOBAH 060nO'IKA
§ 1. 3BYKH A3b1Ka. rnaCHble H cornaCHble 3ByKH
7. 3aMeHH S enose [COH] nepsblH 3ByK, 3aTeM BTOPOH 3SyK,
3aTeM TpeTHH 3BYK. MeHSIeTeA nH CMblen enoBa?
8. Y6epH 1013 AaHHblX enos no OAHOMY 3SyKy. KaKHe enosa
nonY"'HnHeb? • nO"leMY H3MeHHnCR eMblen enos?
BCJIaCTb, ropCTb, IIOJIK, CKJIOH•
9. A06asb OAHH 3SYK K AaHHblM enoaaM. liTO npOH30wno C
neKCH4eeKHM 3Ha"leHHeM enos?
KJla.n, oca, pal<, yKyC, /lap, map.
• KaKOH SblSOA Tbl MO>KeWb CAenaTb noene SbinonHeHHSI yn-
pa>KHeHHH 7-9? • npo4HTaa:1 TeKeT S paMKe. nOKa>KH Ha "PH-
Mepax 1013 ynpa>KHeHHA, "'TO 3SyKH nOMOraK>T pa3nH"IaTb enosa.

7. i
I
3eyK"" B pe"'tJ1 n03BOnJnOT pa3nlo1'"1aTb CMblcn enOB. B Sl3bl,Ke 3SY-
KH coeAHHSHOTCSI 8 C....CTeMy, KOTOpyto Ha3blsatOT ct»oHeTHKoH.
Pa3.Aen Jl3blK03HaHHSI, KOTOPbli1 3aHHMaeTCSI H3y...eHHeM 3BYKOB
Sl3b1Ka, TO>Ke Ha3blSaeTCJI 4»oHeTHKOH (OT rpe4. cnosa
«q,OHe» - 3BYK).
10. npOH3Hec .... cnOBa. KaKlo1e rnaCHble 3eyK'" Tbl cnblWIooIWb
nOA YAapeHHeM 101 B 6e3YAapHoM nono>t<eHHH B KopHe cnoaa?
• 3anJ1wl1 TpaHCKpHnLJ,Hto rnaCHblX 3SYKOB 8 KopHe enosa.
Q6pa3eu 3an",": '[O]M - ,[alMa.
Ber - 6emaTb, 6e,lJ;HblH - 6e)J;HSlR, 6HHT - 6HHTOB8Th,
B8JIbe - BaJIbCHPOB8Th,
1Y6 - ly6L1.
BoceMb - BoebMH, ,lI;blM - ,lI;blMHTb,
•
TpaHcKpHn n;HSI
TPSHCKPH6HPOB8 Th
11. npO"tHTaH nOCnOBHLJ,bl 101 noroaopKH. • Ha~ cnoaa C MStrKHM
cornaCHblM 3aYKoM Ha KOHLJ,e. nOA6epH K HHM napy C TaepAblM
cornaCHblM . • 3anHwH cnoaa no 06pa3LJ,y,
Q6pa3eu 3amtCIo1: yronb - yron [n'-n].
BbIJIb - He CR8aKS: Ha Bee CJIOBO He BbIKHHeWb.
BeCh K8K eCTb, C HRtIHHKOH H nOTpOXaMH*.
EJIb pO.D;HT mHmKH.
KOHb 6emHT, aeMJlJI ,lI;pOmHT.
• HaHAH H Ha30SH cnosa, Ha"tHHalOL4HeCSl co 3BOHKHX cornaCHblX
3ByKOS, nOA6epH K 3THM 3BYKaM napHble rnyxHe.
12. npO"tHTa~ CTlo1xoTBopeHHe C.st MapwaKa. 0 KaKHX oco6eH-
"IOCTJlX rnaCHblX H cornaCHblX 3aYKoB OH nHweT? TonbKO 11101 0 cpo-
"IeTH"tecKoH Cy~HOCTH 3aYKoa 3AeCb HAeT pe"tb? 4TO 3Ha"tHT a
10HHMaHHH aaTopa «npoAblwaTb cTHxoTaopeHbe»? J..1MeeT 11101
:THxoTBOpeHJ.1e n03Ta STOPOH, rny6J.1HHblH cMblcn? nOcTapaHcSl
:>acKpblTb ero. KaKlo1e cnoaa HMetoT HHOCKa3aTenbHoe 3Ha"teHHe?
• BblnHWH cnoaa, Ha"tHHalO~HecSl co 3SOHKoro cornaCHoro 3syKa,
1oA6epH K HeMY napHblH rnyxoH . • KaKHe 3ayKH OKa3amfCb 6e3
1apbll
-
Q6pa3eu .an",": AblXaH"e [A] - [T].
,r(hIXaHHe cBo60,lJ;HO B Kam.n;OM rJI8CHOM,
B corJI8CHblX - npepblBaeTCH aa MHr.
Ii TQJIbKO TOT rapMOHHH AOCTHr,
KOMY qepe.n;OBaHbe ex nO,l1;BJIaCTHO.
3BYQaT B corJIaCHblX cepe6po H Melb.
A rJIaCHbIe ,o;8HbI Te6e ,lJ;JUI neRhH.
M C'lIaCTJIHB 6Y)l;b, KOJIb MOntemb Thl nponeTb
Hnb .n;ame npOAhImaTb CTHXOTBopeHbe.
13. PaccMoTpH Ta6nHLJ,Y. Ha KaKHe rpynnbl AemnCSt 3ayKH
St3b1Ka? • 3anonHH Ta6nHLJ,y npHMepaMH.
3eYKH A3blKa
rJI8CHbIe CorJI8CHble
Y,ll8pHble 6e3Y,llapHble rJIyxHe 3BOHKHe TBE!p,llble M.RI'KHe
• C onopoH Ha Ta6nHLJ,y COCTaSb YCTHblH paccKa3 0 3BYKax
fl3blKa.
14. npO"tHTaH TeKCT. 1-13 CK011bKHX "taCTeH OH COCTOHT? no-
CTaSb K Ka>KAO~ "taCTH sonpoc. 3anlo1WH aonpOCbl B Ka"teCTBe
nyHKToa nnaHa.
CJIOBO COCTOHT H3 3ByKOB. 3TH 3ByKH 06pa3yIOT ero 3BY-
KOByro o6oJlO'IKY.
3By-KH H3blKa ,lI;eJIHTCH HS l'Jl8CHbIe H COl'Jl8CHble.
rJIaCHble 3BYKH 6L1BaIOT YllapHLlMH H 6e3YlIspHLlMH. IIOII
YllspeHHeM B PYCCKOM H3L1Ke BCTpeqalOTCH rJIaCHLle: [a]. [0].
[Y]. [3]. [H]. [LI].
COl'JI8CHbIe 3BYKH XSpaKTepHaYlOTCH no TBeP,lI;OCTH-MSll'KO-
CTH H 3BOHKOCTH-l'JIYXOCTH. OHH MOl'YT 06p8aOBbIB8Tb naphI

8. no TBepllocTH-MRrKocTH: [6]-[6'], [B]- [B'], [r]-[r'], [11]- [11'],
[a]-[a'], [K]-[K'], [JI]-[JI'], [M]- [M'], [H]- [H'], [n]-[n'],
[p]-[p'], [c]-[c'], [T]-[T'], [1jJ]-[IjJ'], [xl-Ix']; no aBOHKOCTH-
rJIYXOCTH: [6]- [n], [6']- [n'], [B]-[IjJ], [B']- [IjJ'], [r]-[K],
[r']-[K'], [II]-[T], [II']-[T'], [a]- [c], [a']- [c'].
He o6paaylOT nap lID TBep,lI;OCTH-MSlI'KOCTH TBep,lI;hIe [m),
[m]. [11] H MRrKHe ['I'], [lI'], [H'].
He 06paaYIOT nap no 3BOHKOCTH-I'JIYXOCTH I'JIyxHe [x)- [x'),
[11], ['I'], [lI'] H aBOHKHe [JI]-[JI'], [M]- [M'], [H]-[H'], [p]- [p'],
[H'].
• LITO HOBoro Tbl Y3Han 0 3SYKax Sl3blKa, np0I.I~1TaS 3TOT TeKCT?
• nepeCKamM TeKCT no nnaHy.
15. npOI.IMTaJ:1 TeKeT. KaKoe OTKpblTMe S HaYKe 0
PYCCKOM Sl3blKe CAenan B.K . TpeAMaKoscKMI1?
HayqHoe HCCJIe,ll;OB8.HHe PYCCKOro npoH3Home-
HHSI HaqaJI n03T H yqeHhIH BaCHJIHH KHPHJIJIO-
BH'I TpellHaKOBCKHH (1703-1769). B 1748 roilY
OH H3,l1;aJI KHHry {( Pa3roBop poccHiicKoro qeJIOBe-
Ka c qymecTpaHu;eM• •• ». (ha KHHra, ,lI;OCTynHO
HaTIHCaHHaH B q)QpMe pa3roBopa pyccKoro qeJIO-
BeKR C HHOCTpaHIJ,eM, 6hIJIa paCCQHTaHa He aa
CneU;HaJIHCTOB, a Ha {(npOCTbIX JIIO,lI;eii ••
¢OHeTHqeCKHe Ha6JIIO,lI;eHHSI Tpe,ll;H8KOBCKoro 6hIJIH 6JIec-
THID;H no TOqHOCTH H npOHHIJ,8.TeJIbHOCTH . ¥qeHhIH BIIepBhIe
,z:r;aeT HayqHylO KJIaCCH<pHKau;HIO 3BYKOB, ,lI;eJIHT HX aa rJIaCHhIe
H COrJIaCHhIe, a corJIaCHhIe - Ha TpH rpyrrIIhI: MHrKHe, TBep,ll;hIe
If Cpe,lJ;HHe. OB HaCTOiiqHBO pa3rpa HHqHBaeT 6YKBY Ii 3BYK
({(3BOH») Ii yrrpeKaeT cTapylO rpaMMaTHKY B TOM, qTO OHa «Ha-
6JIIO,lI;aeT TOKMO 6YKBhI, a He 3BOHhI, Ha6JIIO,lI;aeT OHa TOKMO
TeHb, a ,z:r;o Bem;H eii ,n;eJI8 aeT!". HacKoJIbKO TPY,AHO 3TO 6b1JIO
B TO BpeMH, rOBopHT XOTH 6hI TO, 'tJTO B KOHIJ,e XIX BeKa MHO-
rHe mKOJIbHhIe yqe6HHKH rpaMMaTHKH Ii ,lI;ame HaytIHhIe Tpy-
,lJ;hI He IIO,lJ;HHJIHCb ,n;o Toro ypOBHH, Ha KOTOPOM CTOHJI
B.K. TpellHaKOBCKHH B cepellHHe XVIII BeKa.
(IIo M .B. IIaltoBY)
-
16. npO"'tHTai1 CTHxoTBOpeHl1e A.A. <l>era. BCnOMHH, LiTO ra-
t(oe T04Hble pHcpMbl. KaKJ.1e pHcpMbl B CTHXOTBOpeHIo1H SlBIlHtOT-
CSI TOI.IHbIMH? • AOKa>KJ.1, "'4TO pHcpMa SHCRT - HapSIA HBnSlercS!
TO"tHOa1 • • HaHAH B reKcre cnosa B nepeHOCHOM 3Ha'-teHI-1H.
IIe'tlaJIbHaH 6epeaa
Y Moero OKHa,
II npHXOTb!O* Mopoaa
Paay6paHa OHa.
RaK rpOa,ll;bH BHHorpa.n;a,
BeTBeH KOHD;b1 BReST, -
iii p8,l1;OCTeH )1;JUI BarJUI.n;a
BeCb TpaypHhIiP aapH,lJ;.
JII06JIIO Hrpy .n;eHHHIJ,bI*
.H. 38.MeQaTh Ha HeM,
II .maJIb MHe, eCJIH IITHD;bl3
CTPRXHYT Kpacy BeTBeH.
• BblmtWH HMeHa cyw,ecTBHTenbHble. 0603Ha4b B HHX opcpo-
rpaMMy-6e3YAapHYto rnaCHYto 8 KopHe cnoaa, nposepSieMYto
YAapeHHeM • • HanHWH rpaHcKpHnu,HtO 6e3YAapHbiX rnaCHblX 3Sy-
KOD B KopHe 3THX enOB HaA 6YKsaMJ.1, I-tX 0603Ha4atoUJ,HMJ.1 .
K JIlO'IeBhIe CJIOBa TeMhl:
B3bIK
3BYKH
rJI8CHhIe
COrJIaCHbJe
CMblCJI
TpaHCKpHnu,lHI
§ 2. 3BYK H 6YKBa. ABoHHali ponb 6YKB e, e, to, •
17. npOI.IHTaJ:1 cnosa .
BoahI, Boa, B03HTb.
,D;BOP, ,lI;BOphI. Hoc, ROChl.
JIe6ellb, JIe6ellKa, JIe6ellymKa.
• KaKHe 3ayKH 0603Hal.latOT Ha nHCbMe 6YKSbi 3, 0, A?
3anHwH 3TH 3SyKH a TpaHCKpJ.1nu,J.1M • • BcerAa nM 6YKsa
0603Ha"taeT OAJ.1H J.1 TOT me 3aYK?

9. 18. npOliHTaH cnOBa.
ITJIhITL, CHHb, COJIb, BCT8Bh, 6pOCb.
~ 0603HaLfaer nJ-l 3BYK 6YKBa ..? KaKoH cornacHblH 3BYK 060-
3Ha"taer 6YKBa, CTOSl~aSl nepeA HHM? 3anHwH era 8 TpaHCKp",nUJo1H.
AnSI '"Iero cny>KHT II» B AaHHblX cnYLiaSlX?
19. np04HTa~ cnOBa.
C'beJI, MypaBLH, no,rt"bex8.JI, IIbeC8, OT'be3,rt.
• 0603Hal.falOT nH 6YKBbi b H ... 3ByKH Ha nHcbMe? AnSI I.fero
cnY>KaT b H ... B AaHHblX cnY4aSlx?
20. np04HTaH CJlOBa.
B eJlbI'H , 6IOP O, BSlJIhlH , BbIOH, B'be3,ll; , eprn , eJIb , eM , Me,rt ,
MSlTL, HeC, Mepa, JI1060Bb, aaex aTb, IIOIOT, 0 6 'bSlBJIeHHSI, HA,
IOMOp.
• B neBblH cTon6HK BblnHWH cnOBa, B KOTOPblX 6YKBbi e, e, 10, ,.
0603Ha4alOT ABa 3syKa, 8 npaBblH - CJlOBa, B KOTOPblX 3TH 6YKBbi
0603Ha4alOT OAHH 3BYK. • CcpOPMYJlHPYH BbIBOA.
BYKBbl e, e, 10, .H B H8q8JIe eJIQsa, nOCJIe rJI8CHOH Ii OOCJIe
pa3.ZJ;eJIHTeJIbHblX 'L II h 0603HaQruoT no ,lJ;B8 3BYJ(a [ ft' a] , [ft'o],
[H'Y], [H'8].
BYKBbl e, e, 10, H nOCJIe COrJIaCHOH 0603HaQaroT OJJ;HH rJI8C-
HhIH 3BYK [a], [0], [Y], [a] H M"rKOCT" Dpe,llhI~ero COrJI8C-
Boro.
21. OnpeAeJlIo1 Konlo14eCTBO 3BYKOS 101 6YKB B cnoaax: ceMbH,
ceMH, C"beJI, ceJI, HMa, npHMo, nOJIblO, npOnOJIIO, T~H, lllbeT.
I
22. Te6e npeACTOHT np04101TaTb TeKCT 0 6YKsax pyccKoro
Sl3b1Ka. 0 4eM, nO-TBoeMY, B HeM 6YAeT rOBopHTbCSI? • nOCIle
4TeHHR conOCTaSb caOH npeAnOIlO>KeHHR C cOAep>t<aHHeM TeK-
CTa • • AononHIo1 TeKCT caOHMH nplo1MepaMH• • 03arnaBb H nepe-
CKa>K101 TeKCT.
-
BYKBhl CJIy.m8T ,lJ;JIJI 0603HaQeHHH 3BYKOB pelJH aa I1HCbMe.
Pa3,lJ;eJI HayKH 0 H3b1Re, B KOTOPOM H3YQaeTCSl 0603HaQe_
BHe 3SYKOB U8 IlHCbMe, H83h1SaeTCH rpacIJHKoii (OT zpell.
.rpa<!>o. - DHDIY). -
BYRBhI B PYCCKOM Sl3bUte MoryT 0603HaQaTb JIH60 O,ll;HH
3syK, JIH60 HeCKOJIbKO. HarrpHMep, 6YKS8 6 MomeT 0603H8-
'laTh 3BYKH [6], [6'], [D], [D']: 6awHR [6], 6eper [6'], cyrp06 [n],
rony6b [n']. BYRBbl e, e, 10, JI MoryT 0603aallaTb JIH60 OAHB,
JIH60 ,lIBa 3BYKa: MeJI" [a]. eJIb [H'a]. BYKBhI ... H h He 0603H8-
lIaIOT 3BYROB aa nHCbMe.
BYRBhI, pacnOJIOmeHHhIe B onpeAeJIeHHOH nOCJIeAOBaTeJIb-
HOCTH, COCT8BJISIIOT aJItIlaBHT, HJIH aa6YRY. B PYCCKOM 8.JI<I>a-
BHTe 33 6YKBhI: 10 6YKB - ,lIJI" 0603Ha'leHHH rJIaCHhIX 3BYKOB,
21 6YKBa - ,ll;JlSl 0603HalleHHSI COrJIaCHhIX 3BYKOB, L H 'L 3By-KOB
He 060aHallalOT.
A B B r ~ E ~ jK 3 If ~ K
a 6. •• 1'3 A' e e >K3 3' K H Kp8TKoe K8
JI M H 0 II P C T Y <l> X ~ 'I
aJIL ,M '8 0 n. .p 3C T, Y :><> xa U' qe
ill III; ... hI b 3 10 H
IDa IU" TBepALlH bI MHrKHii:
• IO H
3H8K 3HaJ<
23. np04HTaH 101 nepeCKa>K101 TeKCT. HaHAIo1 101 np04101TaH npeArle-
>KeHlo1e, 8blpa>KalO~ee rnaBHYIO Mblcnb TeKCTa.
OT AOCKH AO AOCKH
3T0 BhIpruKeBHe CBH38.H0 C KHHroA. Y CT8pbIX KHHr t nepe-
IIJIeThI 6hIJIH MaCCHBHhIe. Hx AeJI8.JIH H3 n;eJIoro KYCK8 ,I1;epeBa
H 06TSlrHB8JIH KomeH. KHHrH HMeJIH 60JIbmyIO IeHBocTh,
IIOCJIe lITeHH.f.[ HX 3RnHpaJIH H a a8cTemKH.
IIpollHTaTb BCro K B Ury OT H8lIaJI8 .0;0 K OHn;a - 3HallHT npo-
lIHT8Th OT ,I1;OCKH ,11;0 ,I1;OCKH; OT KOPKH AO KOpKH.
(B.B. BOAuI<a)
• Ha~ 80 2-M a63au,e Io1MeHa cy~ecTBIo1TeJlbHble; nOCTaBb HX B
q,OpMY f.1.n. eA. 4. 101 3anlo1W~ s. an;>aBIo1THOM nopSiAKe.
.. I i ,:::::VL_;C:

10. 24. npOl.iI,nai:1 npeAllO>KeHHSI, HaHAH H Bbrnl-tWJ1 cnoaa c 6YKBa~
10101 It J.1 .... OnpeAenH, Atul '"Iera Hcnollb3YlOTCSI .. J.1 ... B cnoaax.
, 0603Ha"ib opq:,orpaMMbl: pa3AellHTel1bHbie It H 'II, ynoTpe6ne-
tHe It AllJl 0603Ha""leHHJI MJlrKOCTI1 cornaCHblX.
1. y JIYKOMOPhSl ~y6 aeJIeHhlH, 3JI8TaH n;enb l aa ~6e TOM.
2. OnacHO pa3'bea,mSTb no CBeTY•••
3. II TpHIIlaTlo BHTJl3en rrpeKpacHhlx "pelion H3 BOil BhlXO-
VIT HCHbIX, H C HHMH ,AH,zr;bK8 HX MOpCKOH.
4. CqaCTJIHBhIM nOJlb3YSlCb MrHOBeHbeM, K 06'bHTOH rOJIOBe
!M)1IIl;eHbeM, K8..K JIcTpe6, 60raThIpb JIeTHT.
5. C BOCTORa JTheTCSI HQ't{H TeHh' •• •
(A.e. IIywICuliJ
25. np041HaH npo ce6S1, a 3aTeM Benyx eTHxoTsopeHHe
~.A. npOKocpbesa. C nOMOwptO KaKHX 3BYKOS nOll e03AaeT sne-
jaTneHHe nepeKaTblBatOw,HXCft BonH? • Bbl6epH H BblnHWH B ABa
:Ton6HKa cnOBa: 1) C 6YKBaMH e, e, 10, ., 0603Ha'iatow,HMH OAHH
lByK; 2) C 3THMH me 6YKsaMH, 0603Ha'iatow,HMH ABa 3ByKa. Pac-
lonaraH cnOBa B ancpasHTHoM nopSiAKe.
BOJIHa, BOHHa - Bce 3BYKH BJUUKHbl,
,D;a H CJIHJmCh B OAHH pa3Max.
.H npoH3Hec ceHlIac HX ABam,o;LI
II OIIYTHJI HX Ha ry6axI
.H npoH3Hec HX CHOBa. BCKope
Ko MHe npHIDJlH H3,o;MeRa
BOJIHeRhe peR, ,lJ;LIXaHhe MOPH
If KOJIOKOJIhllHK pyqeHR8.
IIOBCIOA)' BOJIHLI, BOJIHbI, BOJIHLI,
BeJIHROH DJIarH BellRLIH nyTh.
TaKOB "3hIKI
Ii TpeneT nOJIHLIH
MOIO OXBaThIBReT rpYllb 'l
-
26. npO"iHTai:1 H nepeCKa>KJ.1 TeKel. HaHAH npE!Al10>KeHHe, Bbt-
pa>KatOU4ee rnasHYto MblCIlb TeKeTa.
KpacH8S1 CTpOK8
KHHI'H aa PYCH Haq JIB neqaTaTb aeMHOI'HM 60JIee qeThI-
pex B_KOB' Haa8.,ll;, a 11.0 3Toro HX rrepenHCblBaJIH
2 OT pyKH.
CaSQaJI8 TeKCT II_caneH CnJIOIDh ' , He pa3,o;_JIHJICH Ha
CJI_Ba H rrpe,a;JIOmeHHSI. Hal.l8JIo n_BecTBoBaHHSI JI_TOnHCe~
OTKPhIB8JI 6_JI_IDOH KpacHoH, 3aMhICJIOBaTO pa3pHcoBaHHoH
6YKBOH, KOTopaSi BhInHChIB8JIaCh C He6_JI_IDHM oTcTynoM OT
JIeBOrO KpaSi CTP_HHlJ,hI. TaKHe 6YKBhI HHor,o;a H Teneph BbI
BH,lLTe B RHHrax. KpacHaH 6YKBa H A_JIa .>KH3H_ Bblpame-
HHIO • UHcaTh C KpacHoH CTP_KH *.
(BB. BOAuliaJ
• CnHwH, BCTaSnSlft nponyw,eHHble 6YKBbl. • 0603Ha'ib opcpo-
rpaMMbl Ha MecTe nponYCKOB. • Bo 2-M npeAllo>t<eHHH BblAenH rpaM-
MaTH'ieCKYtO oCHoay, rpacpHl.jecKH 06bftCHH nOCTaHOSKY 3anSlTb1X.
3BYK
3SYKonHCb
Kmoq eBble CJlOBa TeMLI:
0603H8l.JeHHe
6YKB8
§ 3. 3BYK H cnor
rpa<l""'·
8JI(PRBHT
27. np0l.jHTaH TeKeT. KaK Tbl AYMaewb, 3a'ieM Hy>KHO YMeTb
AenHTb cnosa Ha cnorH 8 YCTHOH H nHCbMeHHOH pe'tH?
TLI nepenJILIJI pellKy, a TBOH TosapHm; OCTMeH Ha TOM
6epery. Thl KpH'IHmb eMY: .IIe-TJlI IIJIhI-BH eIO-lIa!.
fuR ThI 3BOHHIDb no TeJIe<PoHY H, lIT06hI JIytlme paCCJIhlill8-
JlH TBOIO cpaMHJlHlO, Me,lJ;JleHHO H rpOMKO AHRTyemh: .nY-3hI-
peB••
B 060HX CJIyqaHx ThI pa3,o;eJIHJl CJIOB8 Ha CJIOrH. B 06hNHOH
Hameii pellH CJIOI'H TeCHO CuenJIeHhI APyr C ,1J;pyroM, HO BOT
D03HHKaeT He06xo,o;HMOCTh npoH3HecTH CJIOBO HJIH HecKOJIhKO
CJIOB rpOMKO H OTlIeTJIHBO, H Tor,o;a C~enJleHHe OCJIa6eBaeT,
CJIOBO pacnfl,ll;aeTCH Ha CJIOrH, pa3AeJIeHHble naY38MH.
(H3 «ih-lquKJl.oneoultecKo2o CJl.08apH IOHOZO r/JUJI,oJl,oza»
•
3BOHHTb
•
3BOHHT
•
3BOHHT

11. • HaHp,101 S TeKCTe cnosa C Halo1MeHbWIo1M 101 Halo160nbWIo1M KOnW.te-
CTSOM cnoros. Bblnlo1WIo1 Io1X, pa3Aemifi Ha cnorlo1.
28. npOl.llo1TaH 101 nepeCKa>K101 TeKCT, ccpopMynlo1pYH YCTHO Hnlo1
nlo1CbMeHHO ero rnasHYtO Mblcnb.
B ipeBHocTH nHCMH Ha nanHpyce. IIanHpyc pacTeT no 6e.
perllM peR H Ha OoJIOTax, HM BOIIOH nOiHHM8RlTCH H3HIIHhIe*
TpeXI'paHHhIe cTe6JIH TOJI~HHOH B PYltY H BhICOTOH ,lI;0 TpeX
MeTpOB. H8 BepxymKe cTe6JUI rryqOK ,lI;JIHHHhIX H TOHKHX KO-
JIOCbeB, HsnOMHH81OlIl;HX napHK*, H BCe paCTeHHe KameTCH
rpao;H03HbIM* H CTPOHHhIM C03,l1;8HHeM, 3~YM'IHBO nOK8l1RBa-
lO~HM I'OJIOBOH.
(A.Il. Ka:JICaan)
• Bblnlo1WIo1 sblAeneHHble Io1MeHa CYU4eCTslo1TenbHble S Ha"ianbHOH
cpopMe, 1013MeHIo1 Io1X no naAe>KaM, nOCTaSb YAapeHlo1e . KaK 1013Me-
Hlo1nOCb MeCTO YAapeHIo1f1? • CAenaH SbtSOA.
29. npOl.llo1TaH Yl.le6Ho-HaY"iHbIH TeKCT B paMKe• • 03arnasb
ero . J.13 CKonbKIo1X "iaeTeH OH COCTOIo1T? nOcTasb Bonpoc K Ka>K-
AOH l.IaCTIo1. 3anlo1wIo1 sonpoebl. ,QononHIo1 TeKCT CSOIo1MIo1 nplo1Me-
paMIo1 • • nepeCKa>K101 TeKCT, Io1cnonb3YfI sonpocbl.
CJIOBa ,lI;eJISlTCSI Ha CJlOrH.
enor MO}KeT COCTOSlTb 113 Q,ZI;Horo 3BYKa, H3 ,lI;ByX H 60nee.
B COCT8B CJIora B PYCCKOM H3hIKe 06R38TeJIbHO BXO,ll;HT I'JIac-
HhIH 3Byt(.
CJIoru 6hIB8RlT YilapHh,e H 6e3YllapHhIe.
Y,z:t;apeHHe - 3TO npOH3HomeHHe 0ABoro H3 CJIOI'OB C 60JIb-
meH CHJIOH. Y,n;apeHHe B PYCCKOM R3hIKe MO)KeT nMaTb Ba
JI1060H cJIor, OHO MomeT nepeMew;aTbcH C o,n;Horo Ha ,n;pyrOH
Cnor npH H3MeaeHHH CJIOBa.
30. npeAllO>KeHHble nepeHocbl cnos Henpaslo1nbHbt. ,QoKa>K101
3TO, Io1cnonb3Y" npaslo1na nepeHoca cnos.
'/ / I ~"= I~-. t 18 ...J 6~JIbIII!iS! I~ " 60JIbmasr .
~
C-6emaTh, MHOrOJI-HKHH, 6e3,n;-oMHhIH, C-'LeX8Tb,
BAP-yr, CTP8HH-bIH, C6-pOCHTb.
IIpaBHJIa nepeHoca CJIOB
1. ECJIR OCHOBa CJIOB8 COCTOHT He TOJIbKO 113 KopeH, Ta-
KHe CJIOBS Hy.mHO nepeHOCHTb, He pa36HB8H 'tI8CTH CJlOB8.
IIpd·~-rca, 6iei:U-JluBb/U.
3TO npaBHJIO He OTBOCHTCH K CJIOB8M, Y KOTOPblX KopeRh
Ha'!HHaeTCS! C 6YKBbl hi. PO-3bLZPbLLU (HeJIb3S! P03-bLZpbLLU).
2. ECJIH CJIOBO COCTOHT 113 KOpHR H OKOlN8HHR, ero HymHO
nepeHOCHTb no CJIOraM. Be-pe-3a. IIpH CTeqeHHH COrJI8CHhIX
MO)KeT 6blTb HeCKOJIhKO B8PH8HTOB nepeBOC8. Ce-cmpa,
eee-mpa, eeem-pa.
3. C 6YKB L, "L, ii He MO)KeT HaQHH8TbCSI ROBaR CTpOK8•
K01-Lb-KU. om'O-e3a, Mau-1Ca.
4. HeJlb3S1 OCT8BJUITb Ha cTpoKe HJIH nepeBocHTb o,n;ay
6YKBY. A1<mU6-nO, ap-MUJl (HeJIb3H a-1<mU6nO, apMU-Jl).
5. .lBe OIlHHaKOBhIe 6YKBhI pa36HBalOTcSI nepeHOCOM.
Mac-ca, 8aH.-HaR. 9TO np8BHJIO He OTHOCHTCSI K H8l18.JIbHblM
ABOHHhIM COrJIaCRblM KOpHR. Cco-pa, nO-CCOpUJl.UCb (aeJIb3R
e-copa, nOC-COpUJlUCb).
nOAYMaH, "ieM OTnlo11.1atOTCfI APyr OT APyra 3aKOHbi fl3btKa 101
npaslo1na nlo1CbMa.
r)O"ieMY He06xOAIo1MO 3HaTb npaslo1na nepeHoca enos?
31. npOl.llo1TaH 101 nepeCKa>K101 TeKCT. LITO 3TO, nO-TsoeMY: onH-
eaHlo1e Io1nlo1 noseCTsosaHlo1e? • KaKlo1e eU4e nlo1Cl.llo1e MaTeplo1anbl
Io1Cn0I1b30sanlo1Cb S ApesHOCTIo1?
IIHCQHM M8TepH8JIOM, ynoTpe6JlHBmHMCSI B ,n;peBHOCTH,
6hIJI8 Koma.
MbI He 3HaeM, Kor,ll;a HMeHHO H3 KO.mH CT8JIH H3rOTOBJISITb
nepraMea*. COXP8HHJIOCh npe,n;8HHe, 'IlTO ero HayqHJIHCb .u;e-
JI8Th B M8JI083HHCKOM ropo,n;e IIepr8..Me.
Ha PYCR HanHC8HHble a8 nepr8MeHe rp8MOThl B83hIB8JIHCh
Hepe,n;KO • KO)K8MH. lInH • TenHTHHaMH ••
19

12. • Bblm1wI1 CHa"iana ABycnO>KHble cnosa C YAapeHHeM Ha nepSOM
:nore, a 3aTeM C YAapeHHeM Ha BTOPOM cnore. • BblnHWH cnosa
: 60nbWJ.1M K01U1'"1eCTBOM enorOB, pa3Aemt HX Ha C110nt H AJlSl
1epeHoca.
IIop,liJoIC tjJonemu'tecICozo pa3(iopa
1. PS3..n;eJIHTb CJIOBO aa eJIOl'lI.
2. 3anHc8Th CJI0BO B TPaHCKPHUD;HH, nOCTaBHTb y,.n:apeHHe.
3. OxapaKTepH30BaTh 3BYKH no nopHIlKY. .D:JIH rJIaCHblX
VK8aaTb, Y,z:{apHhle 3BYKH HJIH 6eay,n;apHhIe, K8.KHMH 6YXBB.MH
)603HaQeHhI. ,ll;JISI COI'JIaCHhlX YK8a8Tb, 3BOHKHe BJIH r.nyxHe
:napHhle HJIH HenapHhIe), TBep,n;hIe HJIH MHI'Kue (rrapHhIe HJIH
:lenapHhIe); KaKHMH 6YKBaMH 0603HaQeHhl.
~
4. YKa3aTb KOJIH'IeCTBO 3BYKOB H 6YKB.
06pa3el{ tjJonemu'tecICozo pa360pa
Mapo3, MO-p03, 2 eJIOl'a.
[Mapac]
M - [M] - COI'JIaCHhIH, 3BOHKHH, HenapHbIHj TBep~blH, napHhIHj
o - [a] - rJIacHhIii, 6eaYiapHblii;
p - [p] - COI'JI8CBhIH, 3BOHKHH, HenapHLdij TBep,lJ;hIH, napHhIii;
0- [0] - I'JIaCBbIH, y.o;apHhIH;
3 - [el - COrJIaCHhIH, rJIYXOH, napBLIH; TBep)l;hIH, napHhIH.
5 6YKB, 5 3BYKOB
E~ npOYHTaH orpblBoK 1013 CTHXOTBOpeHHJI M.te. I1epMoH-
Tosa. KaKHe 3BYKH nOMOratoT 3pHMO npeAcraBHTb KapTHHY,
HapHcoBaHHYto TBOpyeCKHM Boo6pa>KeHHeM n03Ta?
PyCaJIK8 n JIblJIa no p_Ke r _JIy6oii,
0 3apHeMa nOJIHOH JIYHOH;
H CTapaJIaCb aHa ,n;onJI_ CHYTb ,n;o JIYUhIJ
Cep_6pHCTYIO' neay' B_JIHbI.
• CnHWH, SCTaSnJlJl nponYU4eHHble 6YKBbl, nOAyepKHH H3yyeH-
Ible opcporpaMMbl • • BblnHWH HMeHa npHnaraTenbHble, pa3AenH
IX Ha cnorH.
KJlIOQeBLle CJlOBS TeMbl:
aBYK YllapeHne
CJ10r npaBl1n8 nepeHoca cnOB
-
§ 4. OpcjlorpBMMB. Ono3HBBBTem.HbIH npH3HBK
opcjlorpBMMbl. YcnoBHSI Bbl60pa opcjlorpBMMbl
33. npOYHTaii TeKCT. KaK Tbl AYMaewb, nOyeMY I1l<1d~HOK no
np03BHU4Y .ntOABHr YeTblpH~Tblii He nOHJlI1 C80ero CTapwe-
ro 6paTa? YeMY npHAthcSI YYHTb I1tOASHra?
JIHcHTa BblUIMblrHYJIH H3 HOpbl.
- BOT aTO rpHo, - 3aSlBHJI JIa6aR, nOKa3blBaa JIanKOR aa
60JIbUIYIO KpacHByro IIIJIHnKY.
- I]lHnn? MeHH He 06MaHeIIIb, - paCCMeHJICH JIIOIIBHr 'Ie-
ThlpH8.A~aTblH. - Tbt XOqemh CKa3aTb, qTO ecJIH ee C'beCTb, 3TY
lliJIHnKY1 TO Momao 3a6oJIeTb?.
- Tbl rJIynee, qeM H ,lIYMaJI, - npepBaJI era JIa68.H. - .H He
HMeJI B BH,n;y HHKaKOH 60JIe3HH. :3TO rpHO. He rpHnn, a rpHo,
nOHHMaemb? ~a, MHorOMY Te6H npH,n;eTcH yqHTL.
(IIo Hny 31CXOJtbMY «Tymma KapJtccon, IIep6aJl
u eouncmeennast. JlIooeuz l1emblpnaOl4-amblU u opyzue»)
1. ECTb 11101 B BblAel1eHHblX CI10Bax 6YKBbl, He COBnolAatOU4He co .fjJ
3sYKaMH?
2. HY>KHO 11101 3HaTb KaKHe-I1H60 opcporpacpHyeCKHe npaBHl1a,
YT06bl He OWH6HTbCSI B HanHcaHHH 3THX 6YKS?
3. KaK Ha3blBaeTCSI HanHcaHHe, A11J1 060eHosaHHJI 8bl6opa KOToporo
HY>KHO npHMeHHTb opcporpacpHyeeKOe npasHl1o?
4. Ha30BH opcporpaMMy-eornaeHYto 6YKSY S SblAeneHHblX el1OBax.
BcnOMHH COOTBeTeTsytoU4ee opcporpacpHyeCKOe npaSHno. KaKaJl
eU4e opcporpaMMa-corl1aeHaJi eeTb B OAHOM 1013 BblAel1eHHblX enos?
KaK OHa Ha3blSaeTeJl?
S. BblnHWH SblAeneHHble enosa, nOA6epH K HHM npOaepOYHble.
0603HaYb opcporpaMMbl.
6. 3aKOHYH npeAl10>KeHHe: OpcporpaMMa - 3TO HanHcaHHe, AflJI
06ocHoBaHHJI sbl60pa KOToporo He06xoAHMO •.. HanpHMep •.•
Op<jlOrpaMMa - .TO HarrHcaHHe (6YKBa, np06eJI H liP·)·
l..{To6bI Bbl6paTh np8BHJI.bHOe HanHC8.HHe, Heo6xo,n;HMO npHMe-
HRTb oPcPorpacpHQeCKOe npaBHJIO. nQn~, cag, YCIHblii, n0A.-ro-
po•.

13. OPlPOrPaMMhI B CJIOBaX II Mem;:J;Y CJIOBaMli MOJKHO HaHTH no
OC06blM npHMeT8M - on0 3Ha BaTeJIhHblM npH3H8X8 M . Hanpa-
Mep, op<lorpaMMY- rJIaCHYIO 6YKBY MomHo HaliTH no 6eaYl1ap-
HOMY nOJIOmeHlUO I'JI8CHOrO 3ByKa B CJIOBe (n~n~), a optPorpaM-
MY-COI'JI8CHYIO 6YKBY Momao HaHTH Ha KOHU;e CJIOB8 (caA) HJlll
B CTeqeHHH COrJI8CHbIX (yctHbIH).
34. np0J.13HeCJ.1 Bcnyx AaHHbie cnOBa. Ha30BH cnOBa, B KOTOPblX
Her op<po rpaMM . • Ha30BH cnoaa C opcporpaMMoi1-cornaCHOH
6YKB0i1o 4ro n OMorno re6e B 3TOM n OHCKe ? • KaK np0J.13HOCSlTCSI
3BOHKHe cornaCHble layK'" Ha KOHLI,e cnoaa J.1 nepeA rnyXJ.1MJ.1 co-
rnacHblMH? A rnyxHe cornaCHble - nepeA 3BOHKHMH? 3anHWH 3TH
3SyKJo1 PSlAOM co cnOBaMH, B KOTOPblX eCTb opcporpaMMa.
Q6pa3eu 3an"C": cyrpoQ[n], HOl!lKa [w].
,Z:tblM, CTOJI6, rpOM, JIeB, MeA, rryx, JIyr, MOP03, Kopo6K8,
JI8BK8, 3ara,n;K8, HorTH, KOCb68, MOJIOTh6a.
• KaKHe cornaCHble 3SyKH Tbl 3anHcal1? KaKHX napHblx no rnyxo-
CTH-3S0HKOCTH cornaCHblX HeT cpeAH HHX? nOA6epH H 3anHWH caOH
npHMep c 3THMH 3sYKaMH.
35. np04HTaH CTHxoTsopeHHe-wYTKY 6.B. 3axoAepa. ~cnpasb
nYHKTya4HOHHble oWH6KH, paccTasb 3anfiTbie KapaHAaWOM S Y4e6-
HHKe . • HaHAH H BblnHWH Cl10sa C opcporpaMMoH- nposepfieMoH
corl1acHoH 6YKS0i:1 a KopHe Cl1osa. 0603Ha4b on03HasaTe11bHbie
npH3HaKH, KOTopble nOMOratOT Te6e Hai:tTH 3Ty opcporpaMMY, ra-
110"lKOH (V ) caepxy. • nOA6epH npOSepO"lHble Cl10sa K AaHHbIM.
KaKHe cnoco6bl nposepKH Tbl Hcnol1b30sal1? • 0603Ha"lb opcpo-
rpaMMy. ~
Q6pa3eu. 3an"C": IiPYt- APyq~·
rAe 110 CTaBHTb 38 U STYlO?
OqeH b-Oq eHb
CTpaHHblli BHI1:
Pe'lKa 38 ORHOM )
rOpHT~
qeii-TO AOM) XBOCTOM BHJISleT,
IIecHK
Ifa pymhH CTpeJIHeT,..
M 8JIb q HK
q yrb He CJIOll8JI
MbllliKY "
~
Ko'lj B QlIR8X CXB8THJl aepHO.,1
't.JHTaeT KHIDKKY"", ,IJ;a RaK KpHKH e T,
CTapblli l1el1, YJIeTaH:
BneTeJI B OKHC4, - B OT tITO 3 Ha"lHT
Bopo6eli} aalIRTaR!
Opcporp8.MM a .IIpoBepH eMble c o rJI8 CHble B K o pHe CJIOBa.
tIT06b1 npaBHJIhH O 0603H8QHTh H8 IIRChMe IIapHble IIO rJIY-
XOCTH-3BOHKOCTH CorJIaCHbIe B RopHe CJIOBa, HYJKHO H3Me-
HRTh CJIOBO HJIII rro,np6paTh K HeMY TaKOe O,ll;HOKOpeBHoe,
B KOTOPOM OOCJIe corJI8CHOrO CJIe,n;yeT rJI8CHblH 3By-K.
~ ~~v ~
IIoa8ul. - nOa8U£!!. VlaJ.KU - ZAa ;!'yK.
0 1103HaB8TeJIbHble npH3H8KH opcpor paMMbt - R OBen; CJIOB8
H CTeqeHHe c orJI8CHblX .
Bce 11101 napbl 3S0HKHX 101 rnyxHx cornaCHblX 3SYKOS npeAcTasl1e-
Hbl HH>Ke? ECI1H HeT, npOAOI1>KH 3anHCb.
[6] [8] [r] [)I(] [3]
I I I I I
[n] ['*'] [K] [w] [c]
36. K AaHHblM npHl1araTel1bHblM nOA6epH aHTOHHMbl C op-
cporpaMMo~-nposepfieMoH cornacHoH 6YKSOi:t S KopHe cnosa
101 npOSepO"lHble K HHM.
,lJ;8JIeKHH, llacTblH, m ecTRlfH, THJKeJIbIH, CMeJIblH.
• 0603Ha4b opcporpaMMY H ee ono3HasaTe11bHblH npH3HaK.
• CocTasb H 3anHWH npeAflO>KeHHe C ASyMfI np Hl1araTel1bHbIMIoo1-aH-
TOHHMaMIoo1, COCTaab ero cxeMy .
OpcporpaMMa «HenpOBepHeMbl e COrJIaCHble B Kop He CJIOB8.
IIp8Bo IIHc8HHe H enpOBepSleM bIX COr JI8CHbI X B R o pHe CJIOB8
Ha,n;O 38TIOMHH8Tb.
~,~.
OnOaHaBaTeJIhHhle npH3HaKH Op<lOrpaMMbI - KOHeI1 CJIOBa
H CTe'leHHe COrJI8CHblX.
37. np04loo1TaH. 06bflCHIoo1 3Ha4eHHe C110a , 3anHcaHHbiX HH)f(e.
• Ha~AIoo1 opcporpaMMy-corl1acHytO. Cnloo1wH, nOA61oo1pafl nposepo4-
Hble C110aa K AaHHblM. 0603H~a"lb 0f?CPorpaMMY ·

14. P06KHH (MaJIbIIII), pOnTaTL* (Ha CYIIL6y), Be3TH (6aralK),
BeCTH (pe6eHKa 3a PYKY), YB"IIIIIHH (I1BeTOK), YB"3IIIHH
(B cy rpo6e), H3MOPOCL (3a OKHOM), H3MOP03L (Ha BeTKax lIe-
peBLeB)_
• 1113 enOB, AaHHblX B cKo6Kax, Bblnlo1WH cnoaa C opcporpaMMOH-
npoaepfieMOH cornaCHOH B KopHe. 0603Ha'-lb opcporpaMMY.
3anOMHH H pa3J1lf'1aH!
po.Q.KIIH seaTH H3MOpO~h
pOIITaTb Be!eTli H3MOPO,tb
-38. npO'-lHTaH. Ha30BH opcporpaMMy I KOTopafl BCrpe'"laerCfI
B BblAeneHHblX cnoaax. no KaKoMY nplo13HaKY Tbl MO>KeWb HaH-
TH :ny opcporpaMMY? • BCnOMHJ.1 npaBJ.1flO npaaonHCaHIo1J1 He-
npOH3H001MbiX comaCHblx B KopHe cnoaa.
TIpa311HHK
KTO
6YKBY A
lIo6aBHJI
B eJIDBD
TIPA3AHllK?
HasepHoe, KaKoH-HH6~e
TIPOKA~HllK!
(K. MUI"caAAepc, nep. r. KpY:H<lCOea)
OpqmrpaMMa .HenpoH3HocHMhIe COl'JI8CHbIe B KopKe CJIOBat
'llT06bI He omH6HTbCSI B aanHCaHHH CJIOB8 C aenpOH3-
HOCHMbIM COI'JI8CHhIM, aymao nO,ll;06paTb T81(Oe O,lJ;HO-
KOpeRHOe eJIDBD, B KOTOPOM 3TOT COl'JI8CHbIH rrpOH3HO-
CHTCSl nepe,n; I'JI8CHblM.
~b(,it - ~umbl Qnuu - oQmb.
On03HaBRTeJIhHblH rrpH3HRK Op¢lOrp8.MMbI - CTeqeHHe
COI'JIaCHhIX.
39. np0I.UnaH. no on03HasaTenbHOMY nplo13HaKY HaHAIo1 s AaH-
HblX enosax opq:.orpaMMbl-eornaeHble 6YKSbl, 3aTeM SMeeTe
-
e nposepOliHblMIo1 enosaMIo1 3anlo1WIo1 Io1X S eOOTseTeTSYtow.yto KonOH-
Ky Ta6nIo1L.1,bI. • 0603Halib opcporpaMMbl. • K KaKIo1M enosaM Henb3R
nOAo6paTb npOSepO"'lHble?
,poBepHeMhIe cornaCHbIe
B KODDe CJIOBa
HenpoH3HOCHMhIe cornaCBhIe
B KODBe CJIOBa
IIoBSl3Ka, 3Be3,lJ;HLIH, MecTHhIH, nOAPy~Ka, JIeCTHHo;a, pe3-
KHH, HHTepecHblH, COJIHrr;e, YJIhl6Ka, CqaCTJIHBbIH, ,lJ;ep3KHH,
cep,I1;n;e, 3,11;paBcTByii, CKOJIb3KHH, meq,cKHH, qeCTHhIH, YCT-
HLIH, npeJIeCTHhIH, qyacTBoBaTb, yqacTBOBaTb.
• KaKoe 1013 enoB Tbl He 3anlo1ean HIo1 s OAHY 1013 KonOHoK?
nOlieMY? Ha30sIo1 101 3anlo1WIo1 HeeKonbKO enOB, B KOTOPblX HeT
Henpolo13Hoelo1Moro eornaeHoro.
40. K nplo1naraTenbHblM S AaHHblX enOBoeOlieTaHIo1RX nOA6eplo1 CIo1-
HOHIo1Mbl e Henpolo13Hoelo1MblMIo1 eornaeHblMIo1 B KopHe.
• 0603Halib on03HaBaTenbHblH nplo13HaK opcporpaMMbl 101 opq:.o-
rpaMMy.
Xpa6phIH BOHB, neqaJIbHhIH B3rJIH,I1;, mecToKHH npoTHB-
HRK, orpoMHhlH Meq, 3HaKOM8Ji p;opora, cKBepHaJI norO,l1;a.
IIOlIcKR3Ka: rpycTHLIH, I'HI'aHTCKHH, 6e3)KaJIOCTHhIH, ,11;06-
JIeCTHhIH, HeHRcTHLIH, H3BecTHhIH.
41. npO"'lIo1Ta~ . • Bblnlo1wlo1 OAHoKopeHHble enosa, pa36eplo1101x no
eoeTasy . • KaKlo1e opcporpaMMbl-eornaeHble 6YKBbi eCTb B 3TIo1X
enoBad 0603Halib opq:.orpaMMbl, 3anlo1WH nposepoliHble enosa K
AaHHbIM .
CnoBo HCKYCHldH BOCXOP;HT K CTapOCJIaBHHcKoMY HCKYC (H
HCKYC) - HCnhITaHHe, OIIhIT. HCKycHLIii - 3Ha'tlHT npome,o;IIIHii
HcnblTaHHe, XOPOIIIO 3HaIOlIHH cHoe lIeJlO, YMeJlblH. HanpH-
Mep, HCKycHaJI pa6oTa, HCKYCHhIH MacTep, repOllHH PYCCKOH
HapOIlHOH CKa3KH MapL"-HCKYCHHl1a.
B CJIOBe HCKYCCTBO BhI,I1;eJIJIeTCSI TOT me KopeHb, a BTopaa
6YKBa C npHHR,lJlelKHT CY<!><!>HKCY -CTB-.

15. • COCraBb npeAIlO>KeHHSI co CnOaaMI-i HCKYCHbIH, HCKYCCTBO Ioi
co Cll0aaMH, BKl1lO""IeHHbIMH B paMKy.
3anoMBH!
HenpOH3HOCHMoro COrJI8CHQro BeT B CJIOBax:
6JIeCHYTb IIJIe~yTb HCKy~h[ii
42. Cnlo1wH, BCTaBb, rAe Hy>t<HO, "pO"y~eHHble 6YKBbl.
Hanlo1wlo1 "pOBepo....Hble enOBa K AaHHbIM • • 0603Ha....b opcpo- .
rpaMMy • • HaHAH B Ka>t<,qoH rpynne enOB OAHO nlo1WHee enoBo,
nOA'"IepKHH ero.
1. JIec_HHu.a, yq:aC_HHK, oKpec_HocTb.
2. Y m8c_HhIH, npeJIeC_HblH, BKYC_HhIH.
3. Iloa_HRB, :3Se3_HbIH, MOP03_HhIH.
4. l.Jec_Hhlu, qY,lI;eC_HblH, HCKYC_HbIH.
• B KaKoi:1 rpynne 11Io1WHero enOBa He OKa3anoeb?
I 43. npO....J.1Tai1 OTPblBOK 1013 eTJ.1XOTBOpeHIo1f1 1<..0.. 6anbMOHTa
• «OceHb». l<aKoH BIo1AIo1T no:n oeeHb? Ha30BJ.1 C110Ba (10111101
enOBoeo....eTaHIo1S1), nOMoraKl~lo1e no:ny npeACTaBHTb oeeHb KaK
)t(l.1BOe cyw,eCTBO.
IIocneBaeT 6pycHHKa,
CTMH AaH XOJlO,ll;Hee,
If OT UTJl1ILerO KpHK8
B cep~e TOJIhKO rpycTHee.
<...>
COJlB~e peme CMOOTCH,
HeT B ~eTax 6JIaroBOHbS. *
CKOPO Ocem. npOCHeTCH
Ii aanJIaqeT cnpOCOHbS.
• B BblAeneHHblX cnoaax 0603Ha""lb 3HaKOM V on03HaaarenbHbie
npH3HaKH opcporpaMM. Bee IlH H3seCTHbie re6e on03HaaarenbHbie
"pH3HaKH BCrpenmJ.1Cb B AaHHblX cnoaax? • nOA'"IepKHJ.1 H Ha30S'"
opcporpaMMbl, KOTopble Tbl Hawen no on03HaBaTenbHbiM nplo1-
3HaKaM.
OnucaRHe - TIm peql{, B KOTOPOM paCKphIBaRlTCH nP1{3Ha·
KH npe,ll;MeTOS, HBJIeHHH, mHBOTHhIX, 'tJeJIOSeKa.
OnHcaHHe MomeT JIH60 H8'tJHH8TbCSI C o6m;ero n pH3H8Ka,
JIH60 3aKaffllHB8TbCSJ HM. 06hI'tJHO B OIIRC8HHH rosOPHTCH O,ll;-
HOBpeMeHHO 0 HeCKOJIbKHX npH3HaKax.
~
TeKCT-OIIHC8HlIe CTPOHTCSI TaR:
1. 06~ee BIIeq8TJIeHHe 0 npe,ll;MeTe, SlBJIeHHH, RapTURe.
2. PacKpblTHe rrpH3H8KOB 3TOro npe,nMeT8, .R:BJIeHHSI, Rap-
TRHhI B onpe,ll;eJIeHHOH IIOCJIe,ll;OB8TeJIbHOCTH.
3. OueeR8 npe,o;MeT8, HBJIeHHH, KapTHHbI: BhIpaateHHe CDO-
ero oTHoDIesHSI K HeMY (K Heft).
(Pp) 44. nOAP06Hoe H3no>t<eHHe TeKeTa-onHeaHHR.
1. npO....HTaH 3arnaBHe. liTO Tbl Mo>t<eWb npeAnonO>t<HTb 0
eOAep>t<aHHH, 0 THne TeKCTa no 3arnaBHKl?
2. npO....HTaH TeKeT. l<aKHe nplo13HaKIo1 rOBopfiT 0 TOM, ....ro 3TO
TeKCT-onlo1eaHlo1e?
3. OnpeAenlo1 TeMY TeKeTa 101 TeMY Ka>t<,qoH ....aeTH. CoeTaBb 101 3a-
nlo1wlo1 nnaH. BblAenlo1 B Ka>t<AoH ....aeTIo1 KnKl....eBble enOBa.
OceHHHe ,lI;HH
HscTynserr oceHb. Ha JIHCTbHX H TpaBe no YTP8.M JIemHT xo-
JIO,ll;HaSi cepas poca. TpaBa H JIHCTbH yme meJITOBSTble, no,ll;-
COXLllHe. BblrJISIHeT COJIan;e, H aOJIOTble JIRCTbSl a8TpeneW;yr aa
<poHe rOJIy60ro He6a.
BeTep YHOCHT JIHCTbSl. OaH IIoxomH Ha MeJIKHX llTHqeK,
KOTopble HecyTcSI B TenJIble Kpax. B TRXYIO noro,ll;Y JIHCTbSl
na.a;alOT, menqyrcH , npow;alOTCS HaBCer,ll;a.
Ha onymKe JIeca pacTyr MOJIO,ll;ble OCHHKR. OceHblO Bce OHM
CTaHOBHTCH paaHOIJ,BeTHbIMH. KameTCSI, 'tJTO B JIecy HM XOJIO,n-
HO. BoT H BbIlliJIH OHH norpeTbCSI aa COJIBbIIDKO.
XJIe6 CnOJIeii yme y6paH. qepHhIe rpa'<H 6poIIHT no 3eMJIe,
Hm;yT yn9.BIIIHe aepHa. XJIOnOTJIHBhIe COpOKH ceMbSlMH ROp-
MSJTCSJ OKOJIO 60JIbIDHX ,lI;opor. M8JIeHbKHe H8XOXJIHBIIIHecSJ
Bop06bH c6HsalOTCH B CT8HKH. XOJIO,ll;aeT. CROPO y,ll;apHT nep-
ShIH Mopoaen;.
(Ilo MM. IlpUWBuny)
4. nepe""Ta>i Ka>K,lYto YaCTb. 06paT" BH"MaH"e, KaKHe KapT"-
Hbl nHcaTe11b pJ.1cyeT enOBaMJ.1, KaKJ.1e npH3HaKJ.1 oeeHIo1 onHeblBaeT,
Ha KaKHX AeTa11f1X oeTaHaB11J.1BaeT eBoH B3r11f1A.
5. nepeeKa>t<H Ka>KAYKl ....acTb TeKeTa e onopoH Ha n11aH J.1 K11Kl-
....eBble e110Ba.

16. 6. 06pant BHHMaHl-le, KaKlo1e npeA"O>KeHHSI (npocTble, npOCTble c
OAHOPOAHblMH "UleHaMH, cnO>KHble) Hcno11b3yeT aSTop. npOaHanJ.oi3H-
pya:t nocTaHoBKY 3HaKOB npem1HaHHSI.
7. nOA'"IepKHH H 06bSlcH.... B cnoaax H3BecTHbie Te6e op¢>orpaMMbl.
45. PaccMoTplo1 Ta6n1014Y. C onopoH Ha cOAep>+<aHlo1e Ta6nlo1-
4bl COCTaab YCTHblH paccKa3 «no KaKJ.1M npJ.13HaKaM MO>KHO
HaHTIo1 opcporpaMMbl a cnoaax 101 Me>KAY cnoaaMIo1».
Op<j>orpllMMbI
rJIftCHble
6YXBbI
COrJIaCHlde
6YXBbI
6YXBbI " H 'h
60JIbWHe
6YXBbI
npo6eJI
On03HOaTeJIhH.hJe
npH3HaKH
otxboroaMM
6eaYllapHoe
IIOJIOmeHHe rJIac-
Horo 3BYKa;
mHnHnl're nepell
I'JI8.CHhIMH;
KOBen; CJIOBa;
CTelleBHe corJIftc-
HhIX;
MSIJ'KHe corJIftCHble
Ha KOHn;e H B cepe-
,o;HBe CJIOBa;
aByx [H') nOCJIe co·
I'JIaCHhIX IIepe,o;
rJIftCHblMH;
IIpHMepbI
~ . r7'-. ::lV '
MQPSI - MQPe, A!leXaTb,
qHT~ (.qHtiTb - I cnp.);
v v
mYKa, LHH.3Hb;
~.- GbI:
fpyc"IHblA-~~~T;
v v •
oceHll, BOJIhHhIH;
", [A'] ..,,,,[A']
JI~m, £1l~3,o;;
v v
mHIISlIQHe Ha KOHn;e HO~h (3-e CKJI.), Mopm (2-e
CJIOBa; CKJI.);
v
IIl] "" xOHIe rJIllroJIOB; Y'lHThCH (Heonp. cp.);
HMSI co6cTBeHHoe; Bepa(co6cTB.),focCHSI
(s06CTB.);
Ha,,8.JIO npeIlJIO>Ke· IXcepllueH C Xa>KllbiM
HHSI;
IIpe,o;JIOI'H;
qaCTHIJ,a He
AHeM rJISlmy B CJIOBapb.
(C.H. MaprnBx)
v •
nO,lLropoH;
He XOqV (m.
~
46. PaccMoTpH H npoaHanH3Hpya:t rpacpwolecKoe o603Ha-
'-IeHJ1e B cnoaaX-npJ.1MepaX Ta6mtL..I,bl ynp. 45.
1. 4TO o603Ha4aeT 3HaK V?
2. 4TO 0603Ha'-leHO OAHOH 4epToa:t? A AByMSI "'IepTaMH?
3. nO'-leMY He BO Bcex npHMepax eCTb 3HaK YAapeHHR?
4. n04eMY He BO Bcex npHMepax 0603Ha'-teHa ....acTb cnoaa,
e KOTOPOH HaXOAHTCSI opcporpaMMa?
5. 4TO 3anHcaHO B cKo6Kax PSlAOM C HeKOTOpblMJ.oi cl1oBaMH?
6. KaK Tbl AYMaeWb, KaKOH CMbtCn CKpblT B rpaqntyeCKHX 060-
3Hal.(eHHSlX?
7. lIro Tbl MO>KeWb paCCKa3aTb 0 HamtCaHHH C110B, onlo1paSiCb Ha
HX rpacpw-teCKoe 0603Hal.{eHlo1e?
Oco6eHHOCTH CJIOB, KOTopble IIOMorruoT OlIpe,o;eJIHTb, liTO
CJIe,o;YeT IIHCaTb B TOM HJIH HHOM CJIyqae, Ha3bIBaIOTCSI yenoBH-
HMB Bbl60pa opcporpaMMhI. HanpRMep, B npBBRJIe °HanRca·
HHH npOBepSleMhIX corJIaCHbIX B KopHe CJIOBa RX Bbl60p 3ftBH-
CRT OT ,o;ByX YCJIOBHH: OT nOJI~H IIe~JIaCHblMH H OT
HftXOJKAeHHSI B KopHe CJIOBa. 'KopOQKa -"'K0POQ2YKa.
47. npOI.{J.1TaH cnoaa • • PacnpeAenJ.1 J.1X no KonOHKaM, BcraanJu"
rAe He06xoAJo1MO, HY>KHYtO 6YKay. npOaHanJ.13lo1PyH AaHHbie a 06-
pa3~e rpacpJ.1yeCKlo1e ycnoaJ.1S1 8bl60pa opcporpaMM, c J.1X nOMO-
UJ,btO acnOMHIo1 opcporpacplo1l.{eCKlo1e npaalo1na Hanlo1caHHSI 6YKB .. 101 ....
• rpacpJ.1yeCKJ.1 0603HaYb ycnoBIo1S1 Bbl60pa opcporpaMM.
b Ha ROHu;e H B
cepe,ll;HHe CJIOBa nOCJIe
6YJCB. 0603Hft'llaIOJJJ;Hx
MHI'KHe COrJIaCHbIe
CO'lleTaHHSI
'IK, qa, U, JI1I,
nr;a, HIQ;. PW;
Pa3,ll;eJIHTeJIbHLIe
'hUh
06pa3eu 3anIo1CJ.1: CTe~!l.
KO~~U.O
nO"T08b'" (6e3 b)
rOHWHK (6e3 b)
CeM!l.~
~ ..CbeMKa
=-=
En_, nOll_ Ta, 30p_Ka, pym_e, HO'tl_HOH, MM_ qHK, TIOJIeH_,
C60P_IIJ;HK, rop_KHH, B_lOmHbIH, alIeJI CHat nOA_e3,o;,
XJIOII_H, IITeH_qHK, Me,o;Be,lL, KaMeH_m;HK, 06_HBJIeHHe,
•
II!lBHJIbOH
~

17. 3,rt;opoB_e, 60raTblp_ , npoc_6a, MOIILHbIH, .z:r;OQ_K8, Bopo6_H,
flOA-eM, naBRR_ oH, 6YRh_H.
Opq,orpaMM8 4: YnoTpe6JIeHHe L AnSI 0603HaQeHHH
M.HI'KOCTH COrJI8CHhlX 3SYKOB Ha rrHCbMet
BYKBa b 0603HaQaeT MHI'KOCTb COI'n8CHbIX 3BYKOB aa
nHCbMe Ha KOHne H B CepeiHHe CJIOBa.
J J
TIOAe.!!-b, Kane:!!:bKa.
BYRnR L He ITHmeTCSl B COQeT8HHRX corJI8CHhIX 'tIK, lIB,
'IT, fill , J.IJ;H, IIID;, pm;.
o J , V
IImu'tICa, H..Il.H.ltUmb, nO.MO~UIC.
On03H8SaTeJIbH bIe npH3H8KH opq>orpaMMbI - MJUKHe
COI'JI8CHhle aa KOHII,e CJlOBa H B CTeqeHHH COrJI8CHbIX.
Op<porpaMM8 "Paa,lJ;eJUiTeJlbHble 1) II b*
Paa,n;eJ1I1TeJIbHbIH 'b DHlIleTCSJ TOJIbKO nOCJIe npHCT8BOR,
OKaB"tIHBarom;HXC.fI aa COl'JIaCHbIe, nepe~ 6YKBaMH e, e,
10, 11 .
Od:{,,,-3a, noltjiM.
Pa3,lJ;eJIHTeJIbHblH b IIHmeTCH BHyTpH CJIOB IIOCJIe
6YKB, 0603HaQalOJIViX COl'JI8CH ble 3ByRH ( He n OCJIe
npHCT8.BOK), nepe,lJ; 6YKB8.MH e, e, 10, H , H , a T8.KJKe B
aeKOTOpblX HB01l3bNHbIX CJIOBRX nepe,lJ; 6yt<BOH O.
v v v ~ ~BblOn, apY~b~. COJl.O~bU, nOlima!l gn. 6Yf} _n .
On03HaB8TeJIbHbtii np"3HaK opq,orpaMMhl - 3BYK [il']
nOCJIe COrJI8CHbIX H nepe,lJ; I'JI8CHbtMH .
- - - ---
KJIIO'IeBbJe CJIOBa TeM.bJ:
opq,orpaMMa
ono3H8BaTeJIbHblH npJ.i3H8X opcpOrpaMMbJ
YCJIOBIUI BhlfioP8 op<llOrpaMMhl
48. CocTaBb YCTHblH paccKa3 no TeMe «OpcporpaM-
Ma», HenOflb3YSl enOBa TeMbl H HX OnpeAeI1e-
~
HIo1S1 . BKntO'"l101 B paCCKa3 caOH nplo1Me pbl• • .lloKa>KH, "4TO AIlS! Toro,
I.tTo6bl HaY'"IHTbCSI npHMeHSlTb opcporpaq:n1'"1eCKHe npaBHna Ha npaK-
TIo1Ke, Heo6xOAHMO 3HaTb nOHSITHSI, npeAcrasneHHble B 3TOM napa-
rpacpe.
(Pp) 49. TeKCT-Onl-tCaHlo1e. npOYIo1Tai1 TeKCT, 03arl1aBb ero.
KaKoe HaCTpoeHlo1e Bblpa310111 aBTop? nOAyepKHIo1 CI10Ba, KOTo-
pble nOMorl1H HapHcoBaTb KapTHHY oceH",.
TIPHI'JI .fIAHCb xopomeHhKo - RaK x o pom , K8K KpaCHB
OCHHOBblH JIec , oco6eHHo B .fICH bIe oce H HH e ABU. B nypnyp-
HO-KpaCBbIH li 30JIOTHCTbIH ll,BeT OKpame aa JIHCTB8. ~BeTBbIM
KOBPOM paCCTHJIalOTCH rro,lJ; ,nepe Bb.flMli orr8Bmlie JIHCTb.fl, a
KOe-I'Ae BHAHbI KpaCBOBaTbIe III8.IIKH rr03AHHX rpu60B-nO,lJ;OCH-
BOBUKOB. Em;e ll,BeTyT rrOCJIeABHe D;BeTbI, CJIbIWBhI nTH'IhH
I'OJIoca. I Ii TOJIhKO XOJIO,ll.HbIe o ceHHHe HOQU npeABelll,8IOT CKO-
phIe 3a Mop03KH.
(IIo H .C. COICoAo8y-MuICumo8Y)
• BblnHwH OAHoKopeHHbie cnoBa, BblnOI1HH HX pa360p no co-
CTaBY·
(Pp) 50. COYHHeHHe-onHcaHHe no nHYHblM BneyaTneHHflM.
HanHwH C04HHeHHe-onHcaHHe Ha TeMY «OceHHHH nec».
1. nOHa611fOAaH 3a npHpoAoH, 3a KpacKaMIo1 H 3BYKaMH oceHH.
2. nOAYMai1 HC!A 3aMblCI10M C04HHeHHfI, ccpopMynHpyi1 H 3anH-
WH rnaBHYIO MblCl1b, pa604Hi1 nnaH.
3. nOAYMaH, KaKHM 06~HM npH3HaKOM oceHH 6YAeT HaYHHaTb-
CSt TBOe onHcaHHe, KaKHe npH3HaKH Tbl 6YAewb onHCblBaTb.
4. HanHwH nepBblH BapHaHT TeKCTa Ha 4epHoBHKe, 3aTeM npo-
Bepb, cooTBeTcTByeT I1H TeKCT nl1aHY, nonYYHnOCb nH onHcaHHe
(onHeaHbl 11101 npH3HaKH oceHH B npHpoAe, Ha3BaH nH 06~HH npH-
3HaK B Ha4ane HnH B KOH4e e04HHeHHSi, Bblpa>KeHO I1H CBOe OTHO-
weHHe K KapTHHe oceHH). CAenaH Heo6xOAHMbie HcnpaBneHHSi.
5. npoBepb HanHcaHHe el10B, nOCTaHOBKY 3HaKOB npemtHaHHfI.
6. nepenHwH TeKCT Ha 4HCTOBHK.

18. § 5. HOPMbl npoH3HoweHHII 3BYKOB pe'lH
51. Bbl6epH 1013 B03MO>KHbIX SapJ.oiaHTOB
enOB npaBJ.1nbHbl~ • • 06bSlCHH eBOH Bbl6op.
BOlla - B [O]lIa
---- B [a]lIa
_II [0] pa
IIopa ----II [a] pa
'Ia,lHTb ./ 'I [H]IIMTh
"'I [a]IIMTb
l11aBeJIb /"111 [H] BeJIb
'111 [a] BeJIb
npOH3HoweHI,HI
rpH6(rpH [6]
rpH [n]
/ po [r]
por" po [K]
po [x]
52. npOLlJ.1Taa1 MY>KCKlo1e J.1 >KeHCKHe OT'"IeCTBa. CosnaAaeT
m1 npolo13HoweHHe C Ham1caHHeM? liTO npOHCXOAHT C 3nlMH
CI10BaMH npJ.1 n pOH3HoweHHH? nOyeMY Tbl J.1 X np0J.13HOCHWb
HMeHHO TaK?
AHTOHOBHl:J, CeMeHOBl-PI, CTenaHOBH't{, cI>e,l1;OpOBHQ, Ba-
CHJIbeBHa, EBreHbeBHa, TPOc:pHMOBHa, AHToHOBHa.
53. np04J.1Tai1 u.enOL.tKH CIlOB. KaKoH 3syK o603Ha4eH B
6e3YAapHoM n0110>KeHIo1J.1 6YKsaMJ.1 a H 0 nacne TsepAblx co-
rnacHblx? • V13MeHH cnoaa TaK, 4T06bl 6e3YAapHbll1 rnacHblH
6bln nOA YAapeHHeM. KaKHe 3syKJ.1 B 310M cnyyae 0603Ha4aK>T-
CSI 6YKsaMJ.1 a J.1 o?
,l1;aBHo - Ka3HHTb - MaJIbIm - marrYH - caMa.
Bo,n;a - Hora - GOJIeTb - XO,n;HTb - rOCTHTb.
54. npO'"lHTaH u.enO'"lKH enoa. KaKoH 3SyK 0603Ha'"leH
a 6e3YAapHoM nono>+<eHHH 6YKaaMH A, e, H noene MS'lrKHX eo-
rnaeHblX? • J..13MeHJ.1 enoaa TaK, '"ITo6bl 6e3YAapHblH maCHblH
6bln nOA YAapeHHeM. KaKHe 3SyKH a 3TOM enY'"Iae 0603Ha'"latOT-
eS'l 6YKBaMH A, e, H?
THHYTb - B3aJIa - KJIHJIaCb - cHami.
Be,n;a - JIeCOK - ce,n;oH - 3eMJIa.
BHceTb - CH,n;eTb - JIHCTaTb - 3HMa.
55. npO'"lHTaa:i TeKeT S paMKe. 03arnasb ero. • Pa36eH
TeKeT Ha CMblenOSble '"IaCTH. nOcTaBb K Ka>t<AoH 4aeTH 80-
npoc. COCTaBb nnaH . • nepeCKa>KH TeKCT no nnaHy. KaKHe ,~
Hoabie caeAeHHS'I Tbl nonY'"lHn? r~
JIHTepaTYPHhIH H3bIK HMeeT HOPMbI (IIpaBHJIa) npOH3-
HomeHHa . HopMaMH npOH3HomeHHa H y,n;apeHHa 3aHHMaeT-
ca HaYKa op«l>oanHH (OT zpett• •op<pOC» - npaMOH, npaBHJIb-
HhIH H .anOC» - pe'tJ:b). OHa orrHChIBaeT He TOJIbKO HOPMbI
rrpOH3HomeHHH, ocoGeHHocTH 3BY'tJ:aHHa HeKOTopbIX CO'tJ:eTa-
HHH 3BYKOB, rrpaBHJIbHylO nOCTaHOBKY y,n;apeHHH B PYCCROM
H3hIRe, HO H Bce pacxom,n;eHHa B HanHcaHHH H npOH3Home-
HHH CJIOB.
BOT HeCKOJIbKO op<jlosIInqeCKHX HOpM (npaB"JI) PYCCKOro
H3hIRa.
B IIepBoM npellYllapHoM CJIore [a] H [0] nOCJIe TBeplloro co·
rJIaCHOrO IIPOH3HOCHTCH KaK [a]: S[O]lIhI - B[a]lIa, K[O]ChI -
R [ a] ca. STO Ha3hIBaeTCH (c aKaHbeM» •
B nepBOM rrpe,n;Y)J;apHOM CJIore nOCJIe MHfROfO COfJI8CHOrO
[a], [e], [0], [H] npon3HOCHTCH KaK [H]: [T'it]HeT - T[n]HYTb,
[6'a]lIhI - 6[n]II", [II'M]meT - n[H]caTb, [T'O]K - T[n]KJIa.
STO Ha3hIBaeTCB 4: HKaHbeM» •
B KOHn;e CJIOB H B HX Cepe,lI;HHe nepe,n; r JIYXHMH corJIaCHbI-
MH 3BOHRHe COrJIaCHhIe orJIymalOTCH: HCTpe[G]bI - HCTpe[n],
Tpa[B]it - Tpa[<jl]Ka.
QTo6bI JIy'tJ:me 3HaTb HOpMhI rrpOH3HomeHHH, HymHo
nOJIb30BaTbCH op<po::mHQeCKHM CJIOBapeM.
56. npOH3HeeH cnoaa a eOOTBeTCTBHH e HOpMaMJ1 npoH3Howe-
HHS'I. EenH eOMHeBaeWbCS'I, nOCMOTpH B opcpo3nH'"IeeKOM enoaa-
pe HnH • KOHLe y"e6HHKa Ha c. 196.
llTo, 'tJ:To6hI, nOHHJI, 3eJIeHoro, 6aJIOBaTbCH, TBOpOf, ap6Y3,
,n;OKYMeHT, KpaCHBee, o6ecrre'tJ:eHHe, cJIyqaH, CTOJIHp.
• COCTaBb ABa npeAflo>+<eHHS'I e 3THMi-1 CnOaaMJ.1 . nOA'"IepKHH
rpaMMaTH'"IeCKYtO oeHoay.

19. 57. npOl.jJo1Ta~ TeKel, 03arnaSb. C>+<aTO 1013110>+01 era cOAep>+<a-
HHe. • CnHwIo1, BCTaBnsu~ nponyw,eHHble 6YKBbl. 0603HaLtb opcpo-
rpaMMbl Ha MeeTe nponYCKoB. KaKosa HopMa npoH3HOWeHI<i~
cnoaa Aocyr? BblmtWH era, nOCTaSb YAapeHHe . • KaKHM
opcp03m1....ecKHM HopMaM nOALtJ.1HSleTCfI npoH3HoweHHe BblAeneH-
HblX enos?
IIpeiCT_ BJUllO, KIIK BbI Y/LBHTeCb, eCJlH Y3S8_Te, qTO mKO-
JIa no-rpeqeCKH 3Haq_T •.zr;ocyr••
He npaBi8 JlH CTpaHHO: mKOJIa - H BiPY_ iocyr?
AeJIo B TOM, 'tfTOI rpeKH no,o; ,n;ocyroM nOApaaYMeB8.JIH He
6e3iem.e, a CB_ 60iHble, Ha iocyre, D_CeiL1' MYiP_nOB-<PHJlO-
CO$OB* co CB_HMH yq_ HHKaMH 0 pa3HbIX HaYKax.
BHa'llaJIe npOBJ];HJIHCb TOJI_KO 6_ce.n;hI, HO n03,l{Hee nO_BH-
JlHC& CaMbIe HaCTOJlIr(He aaHSlTHSI, r.zr;e ,o;eTJlM npenO,lLBBJIH
QTeHHe, nHC_MO, ClJeT,
opaTopCKoe* HCKYCCTBO.
rHMH8CTHKY, MY3hIKY, n033Hro,
• (B.B. BOAuIla)
,lQcyr
qlHJIOCOIj>
58. CmtWH. nOA....epKHH H3BeCTHbie Te6e opq:,orpaMMbl.
• CocTaeb H 3anHWH ceOH npeA110>KeHHfI co cnoeaMH OtcYHH H
OKY"", nOA....epKHH B HHX rpaMMaTH....ecKylO OCHOBY.
MHe CJIOBO l:;rYAHo l
H3MeHHTb HeTpYiHO:
CKopeH, ceCTpa, Ha phI6
IIoCTaBHM YiapeHHe Ha 0 -
HCqe3JIO qy,n;HO,
B3rJIHHH,
DOnaJIHCh aa KproQOK2
OHH,
B BeiepKO PYKY OKYH",
POAHJIOCh qY,lJ;HO J
• He 60HC.a:: aTO OKYHH.
(9. K03A08CICUU)
KJIIO'leBbie CJIOBa TeMLI:
rrp0113HOWeBHe
Y,lIapeHHe
HOpMhl
- § 6_ 6YKBbi 0, e nocne WHnAIqHX • KopHe enOBII
59. npOLtJ.1TaH cnoaa Bcnyx. KaKoH rnacHblH 3SyK CllbIWJ.1TCSI
nOA YAapeHHeM nocne WHnJlw,ero B KopHe Bcex cnoB? A Ka-
KHe 6YKBbl nHwYTcfl?
• CcpopMynHpyii npaBHno caMOCTOfiTenbHO. AononHH rpaqnt-
....ecKoe o603Ha....eHHe ycnoBHii Bbl60pa opq,orpaMMbl.
QhIH ~ ~
~ fuopOx ~HhIH
~hIH illoil ~blH
~Ka ~------~v__------_____
UCKA.
OpqlOrpaMMa .BYKBbI 0, enocJle mHnlllIHx B KopHe f-I_ _- - ,
CJIOBa.
ECJIH B RopHe CJIOB8 oocJle m Hrr.R:m;erO nOA YAa p eHHeM
CJIhImHTC.R: [0], TO H8.,lI;O OHC8Th e.
.--------;----- ~ r---., ~
l1cKJUOQeHHSl : KPbl:JICQ8H. U IC, ULQP OX, W Q8, "anIOUL~ H.,
~ -~-
Ma~gp H.bLU. :tQnopn bLU.
f!ii;;;c08bLU; ~ (UCKJI.).
Orr03H8.BaTeJIhm.I..H IIpH3HaK o pqmr psMMbI - mHII~He
nepe,n; rJIaCHhIMH.
nonp06yii nOA06paTb K cnoeaM Hdinn.IH, wenoT, '4epHblH OA-
HOKopeHHbie cnoea-rnaronbl, a K cnoey aqenKa - OAHOKOpeH-
Hoe cy~ecTeHTenbHoe . KaKYIO 3aKOHOMepHocTb Tbl 3aMeTHn?
• EcnH Tbl CAenaewb eepHblii BblBOA, TO OTKpoeWb e~e OAHH
BapHaHT opcporpaq:,H....ecKoro npaSHna.

20. 60. np04HTaH AaHHbie cnOBa. YCTHO 06'bHCHH ycnosHH sbl60pa
6YKS 0, e, Hcnonb3YH mo60H sapHaHT npasH11a. • 06'bHCHH 3Ha1ole-
HHe BblAeneHHblX cnOB.
jKe;ry,n;b, mecTKHH, n'tleJIK8, wopox, npHlIecK8, WenOT, lIO-
nopHLIii::, IIJ;eqKH, peme-rK8, mOB, qeJIKa, qepCTBblH, KpblmOB-
HHK, qepHblH, neqeBKa, MamopHbIii:.
• CnpasHncJd A Tenepb 3amtWH AaHHbie cnosa SABa cTon6HKa
(C 6YKBOH 0 101 C 6YKSOH e) 101 rpacpH4eCKH 0603Ha4b ycnoBHH Bbl6o-
pa 6YKB 0, ii.
61 . CnHwH cnOSOC01oleTaHHH, SCTasnHH nponyw,eHHble 6YKSbi
101 rpacpH10IecKH o603Ha4aH ycnosHH sbl60pa H3Y1olaeMoH opcpo-
rpaMMbl.
A_YP8TH8S1 'tI_JIKa, POBBblH ill_ B, ill_JIKOBOe WIaT_e, y30p-
BaSI pem_ TKa, 3y6BaSl IIJ;_TKa, CneJIblH Kpblm_BHHK, nyra-
IOW;He m _ pOXH, nJI_TeBaSl KOm_JIKa, BKYC_ HaSl nW_BKa,
»t_JIThle »t_JIy,n;H.
• COCTaSb 101 3anHWH npeAflO>KeHHH C TpeMH mo6blMH CIlOSOCo-
4eTaHHHMH 1013 AaHHbIX.
62. nOA6epH K AaHHblM cnosaM OAHoKopeHHble, s KOTOPblX
rnacHblH nocne wHnHw,ero HaXOAHTCH nOA YAapeHHeM.
• 3anHwH, rpactm4ecKH o603Ha4b ycnosHH Bbl60pa AaHHoH opcpo-
rpaMMbl no 06pa34Y.
• KaKoH Sap}o1aHT npasHna npeAcTasneH S 3TOM ynpa>KHeHHH?
Q6pa3eu 3anHCH: ~HH6H -~Ka.
jKeJITeTh, m;eK8, nqeJI8, meJIKh., neqeBh, TSI»teJIOBaTbIH,
qepCTBeTh, qepTHTh, a8QeCaTh.
• ,QononHH ynpa>KHeHHe 2-3 npHMepaMH.
63. nOA6epH K Ka>KA0MY 1013 cnos nesoH KonOHKH 06'bHCHeHHe
ero 3Ha1oleHHH 1013 npasoH KonOHKH . • CnHwH, SCTasnHH Hy>KHyto
6YKSY. rpacpwiecKH o603Ha1olb ycnosHH sbl60pa H3Y4aeMoH op-
cporpaMMbl.
I
•
m_JIo6 qeJIOBeK, qpeaMepHO CTPOI'HH B nOBe.o;eHHH
Q_ITOPRblH qeJIOBeK, JII06HW;HH HspSlmSTbCSI
IILrOJIh TORKaSl BepeBKs
6eq_BKa 60,ll;PhIH, BeCeJIhIH
0)1( r nOJIYKpyrJIOe yrJIy6JIeHHe B 6peBHe
MamJ)HhIH o6ommeHHoe MeCTO Ha TKaHH opraHHaMS
• CocTasb npeA1l0>KeHHH c ASYMSI mo6blMH cnoaaMH 1013 neaOH
KonOHKH.
3SnOMHH H paaJIHqaii! J
0"'2r (cYi4.) PyKH o",i,ir (Maz.) PYKY
Opq,orpaMMa .HenpOBepHeMhIe rJISCHhIe B KopHe CJIOBa*
IIpaBonHC8HHe CJIOB C BerrpOBepSleMOH 6eaY,ll;apHOH
rJIaCHOH 0 rrOCJIe IDHITSlIIJ;HX B KopHe CJIOBa H8.,AO a8nO-
MHH8Th.
~.~.
OnOaBaB8TeJIhHbI£i: npHaH8K optporpaMMbI - mHnSlW;He
nepe,ll; I'JI8CHhIM.H.
wQcce
illQ<I>ep
( 3anOMHHI ")
illQKQJIal
>KQHI'JIep
IIIQTJIIUIIHH
64. CaMOAHKTaHT. CocTasb 101 3anHWH AHKTaHT 1013 20 cnOB C
H3Y4aeMoH opcporpaMMoH, aKnto1olH a Hero cnOBa-HCKnto1oleHHH
11 cnosa C HenpOBepHeMOH 6e3YAapHOH rnaCHOH 0 nocne WH-
nHw,Hx a KopHe cnoaa 1013 paMKH.
6S. CnHWH, aCTaanHH nponyw,eHHble 6YKBbi 11 3HaKH npenHHaHHH.
• rpacpH4eCKH 0603Ha4b ycnoBHH Sbl6op~ opcporpaMM.
1. B JI_C8X 11 JII06JIIO peqKH C q_PHOH BJJ;OH H JK_JIThIMH
~B_T8MH Ba 6-p_rax. 2. ITPOTHB BeTp8, CO_Hn;a, K81< nymHH-
KH, JI_TeJIH nQ_JIbI. 3. rycb aanYCK8.JI CBOIO ,ll;JIHHHYIO melO
37

21. B B~PO ~OCT8.B8.JI ce6e BOAY KJIIOBOM nOnJIecKHB8.JI BOAOH Ha
ce6,ff nO'tJ_ CblBaJI liTO-TO nOA KamAblM n-PoM ••• (M.M. IlpH-
IDB"") 4. Blpyr 6eCnplf'IHHHO B napa,IHOH CT_JlOBOH ,,_nopHoH
rocT_e nOKameWh B3b1K. 5. IIblJI8IOT IQ_ KH aa B_ TPY ...
(M.H. IJ;BeTaeBa) 6. YJlbl6HYJIHCb cOHHble' 6-'pe_KH paCTp_na·
JIB m_JIKOBhIe KOChI. (C.A. EceHHH) 7. B _ caa, H cae_ P8CT8S1JI
B "'_Jl06e. (C.M. COJlOBbeB) 8. On_JIeHHble orHeM eJIH I
Kelpbl
6'-pe3hI 38COXJIH••• TOJIhKO cToHKHe K om_ raM JIHCTBeHHH~b1
YICJIeJIH. (C. BOpoHHH)
• HaHAJ.1 npeAflO)f(eHJ.1S1 C OAHOPOAHbIMJ.1 I.tJleHaMJ.1, COCTaSb J.1X
cxeMbl.
66. CS060AHblH AJ.1KTaHT. npOl.fJ.1TaH J.1 03arnaSb TeKCT. HaHAJ.1
cnosa, C nOMOUJ.blO KOTOPblX K.r. naycToSCKJ.1H «O>KJ.1SnSleT»
npJ.1poAY. 06paTJ.1 oc06oe SHJ.1MaHJ.1e Ha nocneAHee npeAflo>Ke-
HHe. nOcTapaHCJI coxpaHIo1Tb npJ.1 J.13nO>KeHIo1J.1 HaJ.16onee flpKlo1e
06pa3bl.
03epo OKOJIO 6epel'OB 6b1JIO 38CblII8HO BOPOX8MH meJITblX
JIHeTheB. IIx 6b1JIO TaR MHOro, liTO MbI He MOI'JIH JIOBHTh pbl6y.
JIecKH JIOmHJIHCb Ha JIHCTbSl H He TOHYJIH.
IIPHxOAHJIOCh 6paTb 'tJeJIa H nJIblTb aa cepe.o;HHY 03epa, I'Ae
l'oJIy6aSl BOAa Ka38.JIaCb lIepHoH. TaM MbI JIOBRJIH pa3HOIJ;BeT-
BblX oRYHeH, a ~YKH JISlCKaJIH Ha Hac MeJIKHMH, KaJ( HrJIbI,
ay6aMH.
CTOJlna oceRb B CBoeM menTOM HapSlAe, B COJIUu;e If TYM8-
Hax. CKB03h 06neTeBmHe JIeea 6b1JIH BHAHbI ,ll;aneKHe 06JIaRa
H CHHHH rYCTOH B03,ll;YX. 110 HOllaM B 3apOCJISlX BOKPyr Hac
meBeJIHJIHCb H .o;pmKaJIH HH3KHe 3Be3Abl.
(ilo K.r. ilaycmo8cICoMY)
• 0603Hal.fb opc:porpaMMY «6YKSbl 0, enocne wlo1nflw,Io1X S KOP-
He cnosa».
67. II1cnonb3YSI AaHHbie cnOSOCOl.feTaHJ.1S1, COCTaSb H
3anJ.1WH npeAflO>KeHJ.1f1 HnJ.1 TeKCT Ha TeMY «B oceHHeM
napKe». B KaKOM CTHne 6YAeT TeKcT? KaKoH Tlo1n TeKCTa
Tbl sbl6epewb - noseCTsosaHlo1e J.1nJ.1 OnJ.1CaHJ.1e?
THXHH mopox, meJIT8S1 JIHCTB8 I, meJIY~H I DOA HoraMH,
'tJepHaSl BOAa, QyryHH8H pemeTKa, I'JIy60KHH meJI06, onycTeB-
wee moece, lllenoT oceHHero AO)K,ll.SI, npocTopHhIH KaIIIOmoa.
KmO'leBbJe CJlOBa Tel-lbI:
(Pp) 68. COl.fHHeHHe-onlo1caHlo1e neH3a)f(a no KapTIo1He
111.111. IlesHTaHa «30noTaSi oceHb».
1. PaccMoTpH penpoAYK41011O KapTJ.1Hbl. 4TO Joi306pa>KeHO
Ha nepeAHeM nnaHe? Ha 3aAHeM nnaHe? Ha KaKHe AeTanlo1 Tbl 06-
pan...n BHJ.tMaHHe?
2. KaK Tbl AYMaeWb, nOl.feMY KapTJ.tHa nonY"IJ.1na TaKoe Ha3sa-
HJ.te? KaKJ.tM HaCTpOeHJ.1eM aHa npOHJ.tKHYTa? nOHfln nH Tbl 3aMbicen
XYAO)f(HHKa?
3. KaKHe KpaCKJ.1, oneHKH l.I"SeTOS sbl6pan XYAO>KHJ.1K? KaK OHJ.1
nepeAalOT HaCTpoeHHe, 3aMbicen aSTopa?
4. nOAYMaH, CKaKoro 06w,ero npJ.13HaKa Tbl Ha"lHeWb OnJ.1CaHJ.1e,
o I.feM CKa>KeWb nOTOM (KaKHMH HanHcaHbl AepesbA, Tpasa, peKa
J.1 He60). Bocnonb3YHcSI npHMepHblM nnaHOM.
nnaH
I. BCTynneHJ1e. YronoK PYCCKOH npJ.1pOAbl S nOrO>KJ.1H AeHb paHN
HeH OCeHJ.1.
II. OCHOBHBR 4BCT&. neH3a)f( Ha KapTHHe.
1. 6epe3KH H nec.
2. Tpasa, KYCTbl.
3. PeKa H He6o.
4. HaCTpOeHJ.1e KapTHHbl. 3aMbicen XYAo>t<HJ.1Ka •
III. 3BKnI04eHHe. KaK~e MblcnH H I.fyscTsa SbJ3Sana Y MeHJI Kap-
TJ.1Ha.

22. 2. cnOBO HEro nEKCH'IECKOE 3HA"IEHHE
§ 7. neKcHKa. neKCH'IeCKOe 3Ha'leHHe cnoaa
69. np04HTaH TeKel. B KaKOM 3Ha4eHJ.1J.1 ynoTpe6Hll Kopa6-
neB en080 Boo6pa)l(a,..? A KaK nOHSlll 3TO en080 CaHSI rpHro-
pbes?
«:TbI Boo6pamaemb* JIyqwe, qeM coo6pama-
embt. IIoqeMY Kopa6JleB TaK CKa3aJl? MomeT
6b1Tb. IIOTOMY, lITO SI XBaCTaJI CBoeH JIenKoft? aTO
6h1Jlo 06HIHO. KaThKa - BOT KTO Boo6pamaeTI fuH
Kopa6JIeB HHaqe nOHHMaeT aTO CJlOBO? H pemHJI,
tJTO cnpomy Y Hero, eCJIH OB npH,ZJ;eT em;e paa. JIo
OB He npHWeJI, II TOJIhKO qepea rOA HJIK ABa .H:
Y3HaJI, 'tITO Boo6pamaTh - 3TO 3HRtIBT He TOJIbKO
• aa,n;aBaTbca •.
(BA. Ka8epUH «p8a I<anUmaHa»)
OOPll3
Boo6PllmeHHe
Boo6pll3HTh
40
1. Mo>t<eT mot 6blTb Sl3blK 6e3 enos?
2. 410 o603Ha'"tatoT cnoaa?
3. KaK Tbl AYMaewb, n04eMY 4enoaeK He MO>KeT
3HaTb Bee cnoaa CBaero Sl3b1Ka?
70. np04J.1TaH reKel npo ce6S1 H onpeAem1, KaKoH OH no C1101-
mo - xYAO>KeCTSeHHbIH 1111101 Y4e6Ho-HaYYHbl~. KaK Tbl 3TO onpeAe-
m111? • KaK Tbl AYMaewb, nOLleMY BblAeneHO nepBoe npeAflo>Ke-
Hl-le?
C.ll.08a - amo o603UatteUuJI,. ua3BauUJt, UMeua Bcezo mozo,
ttmo AlbL Bu8UM, ttYBcm6yeM., 60cnpuuUMaeM 8 OlCpY:JICalOlJ,f.eM
uac Mupe.
CJIOBa 0603HaqalOT npe,o;MeTbI, JIIO.o;eii, mHBOTHbIX, llTHII;
(...J, HBJleHHH rrpHpOlhI (.•. J, ceMeiiHoii H o6~ecTBeHHoii
mH3HH ( •••), paaJIHlIHbIe .o;eiicTBH.H, KStIeCTB8 H MHoroe .o;pyroe.
ITo KOJIHQeCTBY H COCT8BY CJIOB .H3bIKH pa3Hblx HSpO.o;OB
MorYT OlleHb pa3JIHlIaTbC.H. B PYCCKOM 5l3bIKe, HanpHMep, eCTb
CJIOBO cHer, eCTb TaKJRe CJIOBO Kpyna (cHer, KOTOPbIii ua,ll;aeT
MeJIKHMH KpyrJIbIMH 3epHbImKaMH). ECTb CJIOBO nopoma -
TOJIhKO liTO BbInasmHii PbIXJIhIii CHer. ECTb e~e CJIOBO BaCT -
aTO CHer, KOTOPhIH JIeJRHT aa aeMJIe TBep.o;oii KOPOtIKOii. Bce-
ro lIeThIpe CJIOBa .o;JI.H 0603HaQeHH.H pa3HhIX BH,o;OB CHera. A B
5l3hlKaX Hapo.o;OB CeBepa, HanpHMep Qy-KlIeii, HeHu;eB, .D;JI51 060-
3HalleHH.H CHers HMeeTCSI 60JIee .o;Ba,ll;u;aTH Ha3BaHHH. Ram.o;oe
H3 HHX 0603HaQaeT orrpe,n,eJIeHHYIO paaHOBH,ll;HOCTh CHeI'S: CHeI'
PhlXJIbIii, CHeI' TBep,n;bIH, CHeI' T81OIII;Hii 1-1 T.,n;. 3STO B 3THX
Sl3hIK8X MbI He aa:H.o;eM a83B8HHii ,n;JI51 PS3JIHtlHhIX OTTeHKOB
U;BeT8 neCKS, 3eJIeHH, COJIHellHbIX JIyqeH, KOTopble eCTb B Sl3b1-
Kax JRHTeJIeii JRSpKHX IOJRHhlX CTpaa, H8llpHMep Y HeKOTOpbIX
apa6CKHX HapOIOB.
(Ilo M .B. IlaHo8Y. C.M. KY3bAtuHOU)
• BMeCTO TOLleK B cK06Kax nOA6epI-I nOAXOASlUJ,l-Ie npJ.1Mepbl J.1nl-l
npOAOn>KJ.1 PSIA npJ.1MepOB. npOLlJ.1Ta~ Bcnyx 2-~ J.1 3-11 a63aL4bl TeK-
CTa C npJ.1MepaMJ.1. • OnpeAenJ.1, K KaKI-IM a63aL4aM TeKCTa 3ClAaHbi
Bonpocbl (c. 42). 3anJ.1wJ.1 J.1X no nopSlAKY. Y Te6S1 nonYLlJ.1TCSI nnaH
TeKCTa• • 03arnaBb TeKCT.

23. 't{TO 0603HSQSlOT CJIOBS?
't{TO TSROe CJIOBS?
D,lJ;HH8.KOBhI JIH Jl3hIKH PS3HhIX HSPO,lJ;OB no KOJIHtIeCTBY .H
COCT8BY CJIOB?
B ce CJIOB8 , KOTopble eCTh B HabIKe, 06p aayroT ero CJIOBap-
JIhlH COCT8B, K JIK JIeKCHKY· I
H3 JLUHZBUCmUlleCICOZO CJLOBapR: 11
JIeKCHK8 (OT zpell• •JIeKCHKOC * - OTHOCJIm;HHCH K CJIOBY) -
COBOKynHOCTh CJIOB Jl3hIRa, ero CJIOBapHhIH COCTaB. STOT Tep-
MHH HCnOJIh3yeTcH H no OTHoweHHIO R OT,o;eJIhHhIM 60JIbWHM
rpynnaM CJIOB: JLelCCUICa 6hITOBaJI; ,o;eJIOBaJl, n03THtIeCKRa
H T.n., H ,o;JlJl 0603HaQeHHJI Bcex CJIOB, ynoTpe6JIeHHbIX Ka-
KHM-JIH60 llHCaTeJIeM (JLeICCUlCa IIYWKHH8) HJIH B KaKOM-JIH60
OAHOM npOKaBeAeHHH (JLeI'CUI<a .CJIOBa 0 nOJIKY llropeBe».
Pa3,o;eJI Jl3blK03HBHHJI, KOTOPblH H3yqaeT CJIOBapHhIH COCTaB
Jl3blKa (JIeKCHKY). ua3blBaeTCJI JleKCHKOJlorueii:. I,
JIeKCH1IeCKOe 3HaqeHHe CJIOBa p a3'bSlCHHeTCSI B CJIOBap HOH
CT8Tb e TOJlKOBoro CJIOBapSl.
71. BepHeMcSI K rnarony .oo6paHCa'lI, 0 KOTOPOM wna pe4b
B ynp. 69. HaHAIo1 101 np04101TaH B TonKOBOM cnOBape Y4e6HIo1Ka
06'bSlCHeHlo1e (TonKoBaHlo1e) neKCIo1"'1eCKOrO 3Ha"'1eHIo1S1 3Toro cno-
Ba • • A Tenepb onpeAenlo1 Y rnarona .oo6pa)l(aer BpeMSI, nlo1up
101 "'1J.1cno • • npJ.13HaKJ.1, KOTopble Tbl nepe"'1J.1cnHl;Ub, - 3TO rpaM-
MarH'IeCKoe 3Ha'leHHe AaHHoro cno.a.
72. npO"'1Io1TaM TeKCT npo ce6S1. LITO HOBoro Tbl Y3Han? • OTpa-
maeT nlo1 3arnaBIo1e OCHOBHYto TeMY TeKCTa?
....-
AKTHBHhIH H naCCHBHhIH* CJIOBapHhIH 3anac
Kam,lJ;hIH QeJIOBeK 3HseT I'Opa3,lJ;O 60JIbme cnOB, tIeM yno-
Tpe6JlHeT B cBoeii YCTHOH H nHCbMeHHOH petIH.
Ho H Te CJIOBa, KOTophIe MhI ynoTpe6JIHeM, MhI ynOTpOOJIJI-
eM He O,lJ;HH8.KOBO tISCTO. CJIOBa XlLetJ, Booa, UlICOlLa, llumamb,
xooumb, patJomamb, XOPOUlUU, nlLOXOU H MHOI'He APyrHe MhI
npOHaHOCHM 'lacro, BepoJITHO, emeAHeBHO no HeCKOJILKY paa.
DHH 0603Ha'l8lOT npeAMeTbl, ,lJ;eiiCTBHJI, JlBJIeHHJI Hameii no-
Bce,o;HeBHoii >KH3HH, C KOTOPhIMH MhI tIaCTO CT8JlKHBaeMCR H 0
KOTOPhIX rOBopHM. A T8.KHe CJIOBa, K8.K patJ, muzpu4a. n06ez,
npeclLeooBaHue, naJl.bMa. nozytJumb. oepaamb*. - ropa3,lJ;O
peme, nOTOMY' tITO HaM npHXO,lJ;HTCJI ,lJ;OBOJIbHO peAKO rOBopHTb
o TOM, tITO 3THMH CJIOBaMH HR3hIBaeTCH •
•• •}l;WKe eCJIH B3J1Tb CJlOBa, KOTophIe 0603HatI8lOT O,lJ;HO H TO
me, TO MhI H 3TH CJIOBa ynoTpe6JIJleM He O,ll;HHRKOBO QaCTO.
HanpHMep, MLI 06LI'lHO ynPTpe6JIJIeM CJIOBO YZOlqamb H peA-
KO, B OC06blX CJIyqaHx - nom'leeamb, rOBopHM tIam;e cnamb,
a He nO'lUeamb, XOTJI aTH napbl CJIOB O,lJ;HHaKOBbl no CMhICJIY.
il-KTHBHhIH
(ITo M.B. ITanOBY, C.M. KY3bMunou)
. "
nll~HBHLlli
• CpaBHIo1 neKCH"IeCKOe H rpaMMaTH"IeCKOe 3Ha"leHHe cnOB
IKTHIHblH H naCCHIHbIH. KaKOM BblBOA Tbl MO>KeWb cAenaTbl
• .QonJ.1wJ.1 HeAOCTatoU,V1e B onpeAeneHJ.1H cnOBa.
J~ I u. {f1{!J(U CJIOBapHLIH aanae - "TO CJIOBa,
KOTopwe qeJIq~eK 3~aeT H qaCTO ynoTpe6JIJleT B petIH.
DC! C, iA ~ uN" CJIOBapHLIH aanae - "TO CJIOBa,
KOTo p hIe qeJIOBeK 3HaeT, HO B petIH He ynoTpe6nseT HJIH yno-
Tpe6JISleT O'leHL peAKO.
/

24. 73. npoBeAH He6onbwoH 3Kcnep~MeHT: 3anHWH 10 cnOB,
KOTopble Tbl LtaL4e Bcero Hcnonb3yewb B peLtH . • 8 Knacce
cpaBHH CBOH cnOBa c TeMH, KOTopble 3anHcanlo1 APyrlo1e pe6S1-
Ta. • LtTO nonY4Hnocb? KaKoH BblBOA MO>KHO cAenaTb?
KJllO'IeOLl e CJI OBa TeMbJ:
CJlOBO CJlOBapl!blij 3anac
~1eKC~Ka aKTlfBHblH
naccHBHhliIJleKCHlleCKoe 3Hat leHJle C.HOBa
Cnoco6bl TonKoaaHHR neKCH'teCKoro
3Ha'teHHR (noaa
74. npOLtHTaH B TonKOBOM cnoBape Y4e6HIo1Ka cnoBapHble
CTaTbH: HH....HAeHTI ropoAHTb, He3anaMRTHbIH. • KaKYto Io1H-
cpopMa~Hto 0 cnOBe MO)t(HO HaHTH S TonKOBOM cnosape?
• AaH pa3sepHYTblH YCTHblH OTseT Ha 3TOT sonpoc.
'tJTO me MomHO y3H8Tb 0 CJIOBe H3 TOJIKOBoro CJIOB8pH?
Bo~nepBbIx, B·TpeTbHx, •••
BO·BTOpbIX, . .. H, H a KOHeo;,
• •
TOJIKOBaTb KOMMeHTHpoBaTb
• •
HCTOJIKOBblBaTb OCBeIll,aTb
HHTepnpeTKpoB8Th (ICH.U:JfCU.)
.TpaKToBaTb
06'bSICHHTb
75 . np04HTaH TeKCT. KaKoH SKnaA sHik 8.1-1. Aanb s
pa3SI-1TIo1e HayKH 0 Sl3blKe?
TOJIKOBb!ii CJlOBapb B.ll. )l;aJI"
BJI8,IHMHp llBaHOBH'l )l;aJIb (1801- 1872) 6hlJl 'Ie·
JIOBeROM p a 3HOCTOPOHHHM H, n o OT3bIB8.M 3H8BmHX
ero JIIO,o;eH, qpeaBbI'IaHHo o,o;apeHH bIM ••• Ho B BCTO·
"...
pHIO PYCCKOH KYJII.TYPbI OB BOmeJI npem,n;e Bcem KaK H3bIRO~
Be~, COCTaBHTeJII. YHHKIDHeHmero* B CBooM po.o;e .TOJIKOBO.
ro CJIOBapH )f(HBOrO BeJIHROPYCCKOro H3bIRa ••
MaTepHaJIhl IVI" CBoero CJIonap" B.ll. )l;aJIb co6Hpan BCIO
mH3Hb: 3anHCblBBJI pet.Ib COJI,z::r;aT Ha npHBaJIax, rOBOp KpeCTI..
HHCKOH TOJlnbI Ha HpMapKax.
B qeThlpeXToMHoii COKPOBHIIHHl1e )l;aJl" co6paHo 200 Tb!·
CHQ CJIOB. DHH 6oraTo HJIJIIOCTPHPOB8..HbI nOCJIOBHo;aMH, noro-
BOPK8.MH, Hapo,o;HhlMH H3pe'leHHSlMH. BoraTcTBo MaTepHBJIa,
ero IIo,o;60p H pacnOJIOmeHHe ,o;eJIalOT CJIOBapb u:eHHeHmHM
CnpaBOt.IHHKOM ,o;JIH Y'leHOrO, YBJIeKaTeJIbHOii KHHroR ,z::r;JIH
JII06HTeJUI PYCCKOH pet.IH.
(3.H. JlIocmpo8a. JI.H. CIC80P408.
B. H . /fepJl.2UH «Bece8bL 0 PYCCICOM CJlOBe»)
76. np04101TaH cnosapHYto cTaTbto 1013 «TonKosoro cnosapSi >KH-
soro 8en~KopyccKoro R3b1Ka» B.I-1. AanSi (ero nepsoe "'3AaH"'e
Sblwno B cseT s 1863-1866 rr.) . CpasHH ee c.o cTaTbeH 1013 COBpe-
MeHHoro «CnosapSi pycCKoro Sl3b1Ka» C.I-1. O>Kerosa. LtTO Tbl 3a-
MeTlo1n?
BeBepH~a - JIC'J CTRp. rrymHoH aB'hpOK, KOTOPbIM'h nJIaTHJIH
,l1;aHb; BllPOHTHO JIaCOt.IKa, roPHOCTa:H: HJIH 61>JIK8; BCHQecKH He~
KCTaTH HHbIe yqeHbIe cypKa rrp03BaJIH 6e6epUijeit... rOpHOCTaH
H JIaCOt.IK8 JIllTOM 6YPble, 3HMOH 61lJIbIe. Bl,JIaSl ee6epuqa 3HM-
Hero... YJIOBa; 6efCwa pblmaSl, 3HMOIO rOJIy6aH, HO H a,o;eCb
61lJIaH MorJIO 6bI 03Hat.IaTI... . 3HMHIOIO, H XOTH 6efCw.a HHKor-
,o;a He 6bIBaeT 61,JIOIO, nO.rryt.IHJIa Ha3B8HHe 67fJl1CU. BeBepK8
3an. nOHbIH'L BeKma, 61>JIKa.
BeJIKa, -H, JIC. He60JIbmOH JIeCHOH 3BepeK-rpbI3YH C nymH-
CTbIM XBOCTOM, a T8Kme Mex 3Toro 3BepbKa. Kale 6eJuca e
leo.n.ece eepmembCJl (cyeTHTbcH, 6h1Tb B XJIOnOT8x). !!npuA.
6eJIHlIHH, -1108, ~be. BeJl.Ul£bJl wy6fCa.
77. nOHa6ntoAaH, KaKHMH eL4e cnoco6aMIo1 MO)t(HQ AaTb
TonKosaH",e neKCH"IeCKoro 3HaLteHIo1S1 cnosa.

25. 1) HacYnHTbclI (paar.). To me, qTO HaXMypHTbClI.
2) JIernHH. IIpoTHBon. TSI.meJIhIH. JIeZlcuu p1OK3aK.
JIerKHH. llpoTHBon. TPY~Hbdi. JIezKuit iJUI,manm.
3) BeccMeHBJ.Iii. TaKOR, KOTOPOro HeJIb3S! HJUr He XOtleTCSI
CMeHHTb, aaMeHHTb. BeCCMeHHblU PYK060iJumeJLb xopa.
• 06"bACHJ.1 nYTeM nOA6opa CJ.1HOHHMOB HllH aHTOHHMOB 3Ha""le-
HHe enos y......T..e. (lAan..), OCTp..1ii (MOIH). • 06".CHH 3Ha4eHHe
ell0B '"Iepe3 3Ha'"leHHe '"IaCTeH OCHOB 3TIo1X enOB (npHcraBOK, KOp-
HeHI CYCPCPIo1KCOS): npHCTpoHKa. Hecnoco6HblH, 6eCCMblClleHHblH,,
CMBOCJIOBHT1J. A nOMO>Ker nH OKOH'"IaHHe nOHATb neKCH"'IeCKOe 3Ha-
'-IeHlo1e cnoaa? A rpaMMant'"tecKoe 3Ha4eHHe? nOyeMY? 06bACHIo1.
78. npO'"lHTaH TeKCT, nocTapaHcSI npeACTaSHTb KapTHHY, nO'"lYB-
CTBOBaTb HacTpoeHHe • • 06paTH SHHMaHHe Ha BblAeneHHble cnOBa.
nOAYMaH, nO'"leMY aBTop Bbl6pan HMeHHO 3TH cnOBa (cpaSHH C
sapHaHTaMH, AaHHblMH B cK06Kax) • • npH He06xOAHMOCTH YTO'"lHH
n o cnOBaplO neKCH'"IeCKOe 3Ha'"leHHe sblAeneHHblX enOB. LITO H3Me-
HHTeSl, eenJ.1 BMeCTO HHX ynoTpe6HTb APyrHe 6nH3KHe no cMblcny
enOBa?
Ha JIec, aa JIarepb BaBaJIHB8.JIaCh (llIJIa, H8,lI;BHrBJIach) rpo-
aa. CBepxy MellJIeHHO nlllaJIH (onycKaJIHcb) TyqH. JIHJIOShIe,
6ecnpocBeTHbIe2
, B TOHKHX H KpHBblX IIp66JIeCKaX2
MOJIHHB.
Hx BaTBaH (MSIrKaSl) Macca 3arJIYIII8JIa rpOM, H 6hIJIH TOJIbKO
MOJIHBH H THmHHa.
AJIJIeH onYCTeJIH, ,lI;a'llH npHTHXJIH (3aMOJI'lIaJUI, ycnoKoH-
JIHCh). TOJIhKO TpH qeJIOBeKa He YKPhIJIHCh OT rp03hI.
(BJI. KpanU6UIt)
• CnHWIo1 TeKeT B a BTopeKOM BapHaHTe. HaHAJ.1 H 0603Ha'"lb H3y-
'"IeHHble opcporpaMMbl, OAHOpOAHble '"IneHbl npeAIlO)t(eHH SI .
06bSlCHH nOCTaHOBKY 3anSlTb1X. • COCTaSb cxeMbl npeAllo)t(eHHH
2-ro a63au.a • • Pa36ep H no eOCTasy npHnaraTenbHoe 6ecnpocBeT-
Hille H eyw,eCTSHTenbHoe npo6neCKH. AaH TonKOBaHl-ie neKCl-iye -
eKoro 3HayeHHSI 3TI1X en OB '"Iepe3 3HaloteHHSI yaCTeM cnOB.
46
"....-
79. npO'"lHTaH reKCTbl. KaKafi MblCllb HX 06'beAHHAer?
1.•...oT6upaTb TO'tlHhle, MeTKHe, OTBeqalOm;Ue CMhICJIY
onpe,ll;eJUleMOI'O 11MB nOHSlTHH MOBa - BOT 3Ma-qa DHCaTeJIH.
•••ECJIH 6bl H 6blJI u;aph, SI 6hI H3,l1;BJI 3rums, liTO nHC8TeJII:.,
KOTOPhlH ynoTpe6HT CJIOBO, 3HaQeHHSI KOToporo OH He MomeT
06'bSlCHHTb, JIHmaerrCSI npaaa IIHCaTb••••
(JIB. To;,cmou)
2. Moe e,ll;HHCTBeHHoe ,lJ;OCTOHHHe -
PyccKall peqb.
HeT HHqerO ,lI;opome,
'1eM q,paaa,
TaR 06JIeralO~aH MhICJIh,
KaK 6YIITO 3TO
OIlHO H TO me.
m.C. Ca..wu..o.)
80. CpasHH sapHaHTbl OAHoro 101 Toro )t(e npeA110)t(eHHSI 1013 XYAO-
>KeCTSeHHora TeKCTa. KaKoe H3MeHeHHe BHeC aSTOp? lIeM MO>KHO
06bSlCHHTb 3TO H3MeHeHHe?
M8.JIb'llHK H8.B3HHTlh* yn8JI aa 3eMJIlO H yrKHYJICH JIHIJ,OM B
JI8,lI;OHH.
Ma.n:b'tlHK BH'tIKOM* ynaJI Ha 3eMJIlO H yTKHyJICSl JIHIJ;OM B
JI8..o;OHH.
• 06bSleHH, KaK Tbl nOHHMaeWb, '"ITO TaKoe To'tHoeTb pe'tH. no-
loteMY TO'tHOCTb 101 KeHOCTb pe"lH 83aHMOCBSl3aHbl?
TO'IBOCTh
np8.BHJIhHOCTb
BepHOCTb
6e30mH6o'tIaOCTh
H CHOCTL
•
Be,ll;BYCMLICJIeHHOCTb
np03pa'tIaOCTh
nOHHTHOCTh
~

26. 81 . nonpo6Ya1 «KOPOTKO ~ ~CHO» ccpopMyn~poBaTb orBer
Ha Bonpoc: ....TO Hy>KHO A1l~ Toro, ~To6bl pe~b 6blna TO~HOa1.
3aKoH~H npeA1l0>KeHM~, Mcnonb3y~ MaTepHan naparpaq:,a.
lJT06Ll peqh 6hIJI8 TOqHOH, Bce CJIOBa ,n;OJImHLl ynOTpe6-
JIHTbCH •••
CMhlCJI BLlCK83LlBaHHH HCKamaeTcH, eCJIH • ••
• rpacP~~ecKH o603Ha~b ycnoBHe Bbl60pa H3y~eHHblx opcpo-
rpaMM B 1-M npeA110>KeHH.... CBoero TeKCTa.
KnlOtleB ble C..'10B3 TeMbl :
neKCHlJeCKOe 3H8t IeHile cnOBB
TOJlKOB8HHe
TOJlKOBbtH CJIOBapb
TO'4UOCTb pe'4J..1
MHor03Ha~HOCTb cnOBa.
nplIMoe It nepeHocHoe 3Ha'leHHe cnOBa
82. npO~HTaH OTPblBOK H3 nOBecr.... Il.A. KaccHnR «KOHAYHT
H WBaM6paH~SI». Te6e nOH~THO, no~eMy >KMTemt BepxHero H
HH)f(Hero 3Ta>Kea1 AOMa «THXOHbKO npe3Hpamt APyr APyra»?
KaKoe cnOBO B TeKcre nOMoraer 3TO nOHSlTb? KaKYtO oco6eH-
HOCTb ynoTpe6neHHSI 3Toro cnOBa Tbl 3aMeTHn?
A B /1YIIIe .Taam THXOHhKO rrpe3HpMH lUlyr ,n;pyra.
- IIo,n;YM8ewh, HCKYCCTBO, - rOBOpHJI Y1I3BJIeHHhlH*
nana, - paKoBHHY noqHHHJI • •• ThI BOT Mae c,n;eJI8H
onepaU;HIO YWHOH P8 KOBHHLlI MJIH, CKameM, Tpen8-
HanHIO* qepen8 .
A BHH3Y ,n;yMMH:
. TbI BOT nOJI83HJI 6hI H8 K 8 paqK8X no,n; nspOB030M. 8 TO
BeJIHK8 WTYK8 - nepbIWKOM qHpKaTb!.
48
• Tenepb npO~HTaH cnoBapHYtO craTbtO ~3 «CnOBap~ PYCCKD-
ro Sl3b1Ka» C .VI. O>KerOBa. KaKYtO HHq:,OPMal..V1tO 0 cnOBe OHa CO-
Aep>KHT? KaK Tbl AYMaeWb, ~TO 3amtcaHO nOA u,HcppaMH 1, 2, 3?
PaKoBHRa, -bl, :He. 1. TBep,lJ;bIH 3am;HTHhlH nOKpOB HeKOTO-
pbIX 6ecn03BOHOQHblX mHBOTHbIX, 06hIQHO B BR,lJ;e OB8JIhHOH
CTBOpQaTOH Kopo6KH . PaK08una MOJlJf,10CKa. 2. Ha3B8HHe
rrpe,n;MeTOB OBMbHOli (jJOPMbI, HarrOMHHaIOII1HX CBOHM BH,n;OM
paKOBHHY (B 1'M 3Ha".). PaIC08uHa noo ICpaHo", OAS< cmolCa
800.1. YWHas< paIC08UHa (HapYlKHaSl "aCTh yxa; cne1.) 3. ITo-
CTOPOHHSlSl rropo,n;a BHYTPH KaMHSl (ene1.). 4. ITycToTa B 6eTO-
Het OTJIHTOM MeT8JIJIe H T .n. (crrell.)/ / npHJI. paKoBHmu.u'i:, -aR,
-oe./ / YMeHhw. paKYnrna, 'H, :J/C. (K 1-MY 3HaQ.).
1. CKonbKo 3Ha~eHHH y cnOBa paKOBHHa?
2. nO~eMY Bce 3Ha~eHH~ 3Toro cnOBa nOMe14eHbl B OAHOa1
cnosapHoH cTaTbe?
3. Ha ypoKax ~TeH~~ H pyccKoro ~3blKa B Ha~anbHoH WKone
Te6e ~aCTO BCTpe~aI1HCb B TeKCTax TaKHe cnOBa. BcnoMHH,
KaK OHH Ha3bIBatOTC~. 06'b~CHH, no~eMy MMeHHO TaK. 3anH-
WH cnOBo-nOHSlTHe, pa36epH ero no cocTasy.
4. AoraAaHc~, KaK Ha3blBatOTCSI cnOBa, y KOTOPblX TonbKO
OAHO neKCHl.4eCKOe 3Ha~eHHe. 3anHwH Ha3BaHHe.
5. CaMocToSiTenbHo ccpopMynHpya1 onpeAeneHHe.
6. no KaKOMY npH3HaKY B TonKOBOM cnOBape MO>KHO nerKO
HaHTH MHor03Ha~Hoe cnOBO?
ECJIH Y CJIOBa Be O,lJ;BO JIeKCHQecKoe 3HaQeHHet a ,lJ;sa H 60-
JIee, TO OHO SlBJISleTCSI MHOr03Ha'lJIIJIM. SlCHbIH. 1. HPKHH, CH-
mo~HH. HCHblU C6em. 2. IIoHSlTHhlH. HC1laJl MblCJlb.
83. npO"'lj.1TaH cnOBa. nOALtepKHH B HHX H3BeCTHbie Te6e oPcPo-
rpaMMbl . • OnpeAenH, SlBn~tOTC~ nH MHor03Ha~HbIMH AaHHbie cno-
Ba. CocTaBb H 3anHWH cnOBOCOLteTaHHSI HnH npeAJlO>KeHHA C pa3-
HblMH neKCH~eCKHMH 3Ha~eHHRMH MHor03Hal.lHbiX enOB.
OCTphill, KHCTh, KJIeB8Tb, Sl3hItlOKt mumKa, roPbKHH, nepe-
MeHa, 3aBO,lJ;HTb.

27. • OAHO 1013 3THX cnOB SlBIlSleTCSI Ha3BaHIo1eM CTHXOTBopeHHSI 60plo1-
ca 3axoAepa. BcnoMHIo1 Io1IlH nepeLtIo1Tai:1 ero (KHHra AIlSl LtTeHIo1J1
«B OAHOM CLtaCTIlHBOM AeTCTBe», KH. 1). Ha LteM nocTpoeHa Hrpa
cnOB 8 3TOM CTHXOT80peHHH? nonp06yi:1 06bSlCHHTb HaYLtHblM Sl3bl-
KOM, HcnOIlb3YSl C80H IlHHr8HCTHLteCKHe 3HaHHSI.
84. npOLtHTaH TeKCT. 06paTH 8HHMaHHe, KaKHM cnOBOM «Hr-
paeT» aSTop. B KaKHX neKCHLteCKHX 3HaLteHHSlX ynoTpe6IleHo
3TO CIl080? KaK Tbl AYMaeWb, KaKoe 1013 3THX 3HaLteHHH npSlMoe,
a KaKoe nepeHOCHoe? KaKaSi CMblcn08aSl C8S13b Me>KAY 3THMH
3HaLteHHSlMH? • YT04HH C80H BbIBOAbl. np04HTaH cnOBapHYIO CTa-
TbtO B TOIlKOBOM cnOBape Y4e6HHKa . 06paTH BHHMaHHe, KaKaSi no-
M.ha COnpOBO>KAaeT TOIlKOBaHHe nepeHOCHoro 3HaLteHHSI cnosa.
Ra qeTBepTOH illKOJIhI-KOMMYHhl BhIlIIJIH BnOCJIe,o;-
CTBHH HaBecTHhle H YBamaeMhIe JIlO,o;H. 51 CaM 06Haa.H
eH OqeBh MHorHM. Ho Tor,o;8, B ,o;eBHTHa,n;U;8TOM ro,o;y,
qTO 3TO 6hlJI8 a8 KallIal KCT8TH, HMeHHO KaIIIa -
HHor,o;a MaHCOBaJI, HHor,o;a nmeHHaSl - B aHaqHTeJI.h-
HOH CTeneHH onpe,o;eJIJIJIa IIIKOJIbHhle HHTepeChl•• • Ee
npHBOaHJIH Ha caHSlX, B orpOMHOM KOTJIe, 6epemHO
a8KYTaHHYIO, noxomYlO aa cTapylO 686YIlIKY, H TaR B CaHHX H
aeCJIH BaBepx, B aKTOBhIH 3~JI. BhICTp8HB8JIaCh Oqepe,o;h, H
Ka.m,ll;hlH•• • nOJIyq8JI no JIo.mKe em;e ropSlqeH KamH, ~BOJIb­
CRR BKYCHOH, C JIon81OIqHMHCH nY3h1pbKaMH.
(BA. Ka8epun e<J(8a Kanumaua»)
~ 85. npOAOfl>K"M Ha6fltoAeH"e. • Ha""" • cfleAytol1>lX ABYX
, TeKCTax cnOBO, ynoTpe6neHHoe 8 npSlMOM H nepeHOCHOM 3Ha-
LteHHH. npOBepb ce6S1: 06paTHCb K pa3Aeny «nOACKa3KH» B KOH-
4e YLte6HHKa. nOAYMai:1, Ha 4eM OCHOBaH nepeHOC Ha3BaHHSI.
1. ,11;8BHO np06HJIO B BeCTH610JIe ,ll;eBHTb, 8 ypOKH He HatIH-
HaJIHCh . KJIaCCbl ry,o;eJlH, 6YPJIHJIH. OT,1l;eJlbHhIe rOJloca 6YJlh-
KaJlH B 06m;eM ryJle H JlOnaJIHCb nY3h1phK8MH.
2. OTen, TOJIbKO tITO BepHyJlcH ,o;OMOH H3 60JlhHHU;hI C ollepa-
U;HH. OH YMblBaJICH, nOJIOCKaJl r opJlo. BO,ll;a 6YJlbKaJla H
KJIOKOTaJl8 Y Hero B rOPJIe. K aaaJlOCb, tITO nana 3aKHneJI.
T
• nonp06YH caMOCTOSlTenbHO CAenaTb BbIBOA: nOLteMY y cnoaa
HapfiAY C npSlMblM neKCH4eCKHM 3HayeHHeM B03HHKaeT nepeHOC-
Hoe.
86. YKa>KH, a KaKOM cIlYLtae cnoao ynoTpe6neHo B npSlMOM 3Ha-
4eHHH, a B KaKOM - a nepeHocHoM. EcnH COMHeBaeWbCSl, YT04HH
no TonKoBoMY cnoaaplO . • 06bSlCHH, Ha 4eM OCHOBaH nepeHoc
3Ha4eHHSI.
BpeMJI 6emHT, peKa 6emHT, cnopTcMeH 6emHT, cyn 6emHT.
TSlmeJIaSl cy-MKa, TSlmeJlble ,o;HH, THmeJlOe rope, THmeJIblH
Ba,o;ox.
MeHH OXBaTHJIO BOJIHeHHe; BOJIBeHHe Ha Mope. MaMa BOJl-
HyeTcH; Mope BOJlHyeTcSI; *BOJIByeTcH meJlTelOm;aSl HHBa ••
rOpbKHe MhlCJIH, rophKHH KOcPe, rophKHH qac, rophKaSl
Ta6J1eTK8, *ropetIh cJleat .
• nOA6epH H 3anHWH CHHOHHMbl K cnoaaM nepsoi:1 101 4eTaepTOH
rpynnbl, ynoTpe6neHHbiM a nepeHOCHOM 3Ha4eHHH • • 4TO Tbl 3a-
MeTHn? KaKOH BblBOA MO>KHO CAenaTb? • npOAon>t<H pSlA OAHOKO-
peHHblX cnoa: BOIlHYI014HH, ... Pa36epH no cocTaay OAHOKopeH-
Hble cyw,eCTBHTeIlbHoe 101 rnaron H 0603HaYb B HHX H3aeCTHbie Te6e
op<porpaMMbl.
B MHOI'03Ha'tlHOM CJIOBe MOryT 6h1Tb npJIMoe H nepeROCBoe
3Ba'leBHH. nepeHOC 3HatIeHHJI npOHCXO,ll;HT, eCJlH y npe,ll;Me-
TOB, npH3HRKOB HJlH ,ll;eiiCTBHH eCTh KRKoe-TO CXO,o;CTBO: no
1jJ0pMe (/COJlO/COJlb~U/C). IIO rrBeTy (He6eCHbte eJla3a, 30JlomaJl
ocenb) II T.,o;. IIepeHocHoe 3HatIeHHe CJlOBa Bcer,ll;8 CBSlaaHO C
npSlMhlM.
MhI qaCTO ynoTpe6JISleM CJlOBO B nepeHOCHOM aHaqeHlf1f H
,o;ame He 3aMetIaeM SToro: u8em 80:HC8b, 8peMR JLemum, MO.n.O-
KO y6e:HCa.n.0. TaKoe CJlOBoYlloTpe6J1eHHe ,ll;JlSI Hac npHBbIqHO.
Ho BOT MhI qHTaeM y JIbBa KaCCliJIJI: .rpOM8.,1HhIe KpyrJIhIe
OllKU,aeM1tbtX no.n,ywapuu CMOTpeJlH co CTeHbIt. TaKOH yBH)1;eJl
M8JIbqHK, repoH KHHrH, reorpa<pH"lIeCKYIO KapTy nOJlymapHH.
nHCaTeJlh ynoTpe6HJI 3TO BblpameBHe B nepeHocHoM 3HatIe-
HRR, If MbI y,ll;HBHTeJlbHo SlCBO npe,o;cT8BHJlH 3TY KapTY, ee
l (JIA. KaCCUJlb.J.e<Konoyum u ill6aM6panuJw ) ' . Ih- _ ...
BllCT.!16tOJIb 7 a.::s:; -r 7 I ' 7 ,-"51

28. CXO,lI.CTBO C orpOMHhIMH Kpyl'JIhIMH QqKaMH. nOJIYl.{HJIaCb
MeTsctmpa - SpRoe, HeofihIl.{aOe, 06pa3Hoe BhIpameHHe. 3,lI.eCb
CJIOBO ynoTpe6JIeHO B nepeHOCHOM 3HaQeHHH, OCHOBaHHOM Ha
CXo.o;CTBe. JI.A. KaCCHJIb He CKaaaJI npHMo, "lTO KapTa nOJly-
mapH:ll noxoma Ha 60JIbllHe Ot{IUi, HO MhI YJIOBHJIH :lTO CKPhl-
Toe cpaBHeHHe.
MeTa<jlQPa
nOl.leMY CIlOB B Sl3blKe 3Ha'-lJ.1TenbHO MeHbwe, 4eM npeAMeToB,
• JlBneHHi:1, Aei:1cTBHi:1, npH3HaKoB - TO eCTb Bcero, 4TO HY>+<HO
• Ha3blBaTb? nonp06yi:1 06bJlCHHTb , Hcnonb3YJl CBOH 3HaHHR no
neKCHKe .
87. npo4HTai1 CTHxoTBopeHHe. KaKHe oc06eHHocTH ynoTpe6ne-
HHJI cnOB B nepeHOCHOM 3Ha4eHHH Tbl B HeM YBHAen? • 06paTH
BHHMaHHe Ha 3amaBHe CTHXOTBOpeHHJI . '-ITO nOMomo n03TY HapH-
COBaTb 06pa3 «AOMa, rAe 11I05J1T Hac»?
,,·~.... ...AV...-:L..o...
rOCTerrpHHMCTBO
Mhl JIIo6HM ,I:(OM,
r,I:(e JII06HT Hac.
IIycKaH DB Cblp, nYCRaH OB ,I:(ymeH.
Ho JIHlIlh 6hI TenJIOe p8.,lYlIlhe
I1.BeJIO B ORBe X03HHCKHX rJI83.
Ii no JIlo6oii MYApeHoii KapTe
MhI STOT CTP8HHblM ,I:(OM H8H,lJ;eM -
r,ll;e ,lJ;JIHHHhIH 'l{aH,
rAe p06KHii <jlapTY".
r,n;e paBHO - B ,lJ;eKa6pe Ii B MapTe -
BCTpe'tIalOT
COJIHe'l{HhIM JIHIl,OMt
(H.ll. YmKUH)
• 3anHWH cnOBOC04eTaHHR, B KOTOPblX 6bl cnOBO conHe'tHblH
ynoTpe6nRnOCb B nps:lMOM 101 nepeHOCHOM 3Ha4eHHH • • nOA6epH 101
3anHWH CHHOHHMbl K npHnaraTenbHOMY COnHe"lHbIH B TOM 3Ha4e-
HHH, B KOTOPOM ero ynoTpe6"m n03T J..10CHq, YTKHH.
1
88. nepel.lJ.1TaH TeKel B paMKe Ha c. 26-27, BcnOMHH, Ka-
KOBbl oco6eHHocTH TeKCTa-OnHCaHJ.1S1 . HamlwH 0 xapaKTepe,
AyweBHblx Kal.leCTBaX 6nJ.oi3KOrO, Aopororo Te6e l.IenOBeKa.
nOCTapaHcfI J.1CnOnb30BaTb B om<1CaHJ.1H HeKOTopble H3 AaHHblX
enOB B nepeHocHoM 3HayeHHJ.1 (cpOPMY cnosa, eCTeCTseHHO,
MO>t<HO H3MeHSlTb) .
30JlOTOH, COJIHe'llHhlH, M,STKHH, TenJIbIH, JIerKHH, 6e3-
06JIatJHblH2, OTKpblTbIH.
KJllOlJeBbie CJlOBa TeMLI:
xY.IlOmeCTBeHHbrt'r TeRc'r
MHor03Ha'tJHble CJlOBa
TOJIKOBbJif CJlOB8Pb
npR.MOe 3H84e1H1.e CJIOBa
rrepeHOCHoe 3HaQeSlIe CJIOB8
MHor03Ha'tHble (nOBa H OMOHHMbl
89. CpaBHH cnoBapHble CTaTbH 1013 TonKOBoro cnOBapR. '-ITO
Tbl 3aMeTHn?
Hoc, -3, oM. 1. OpraH 060HHHH.H, HaxO,I:(HIII,HHCH Ha JIH~e
qeJIOBeRa H Ha MOp,ll;e y mHBOTHhIX. IIpRoMou noc. 2. IIepe,IJ;-
HHH qaCTb JIOARH , CY.IlHa, CaMOJIeT8. 3. EJIIOB rrTH~hI.
3KHIIaml, -a, oM. JlerK8H HerpY30B8H nOB03K8, ROJIHCR8.
3KHnam2, -a, oM. KOMaH.n.a Kopa6JlH, CaMOJIeT8, TaRK8.
Q6QHHHHe
,
~KHna.m
• ECTb 11101 4TO-TO 06w.ee Me>+<AY neKCH4eCKHMH 3Ha4eHHs:lMH
cnOBa HOc? A Me>KAY neKCH4eCKHMH 3Ha4eHHs:lMH e110B 3KHna)K 101
3KHna)t(? • KaK Tbl AYMaewb, nO"'leMY 0 cnOBe HOC HanHcaHa OAHa
cnOBapHaR CTaTbS! , a 0 cnOBe 3KHna)K - ABe?
53

29. 90. npo"no1Ta~ WYTOI.IHOe CTHxoTBopeHHe M. MIo1TpeHtU1Ha.
I 06pant BHHMaHHe Ha BblAeneHHble cnoaa. OnpeAel1J.1, 3AeCb
ynoTpe6neHo OAHO cn080 Koca B TPEh pa3Hbix 3Hal..jeHH~X HnJ-t
TP'" coaepweHHo pa3Hbix cnoaa Moca? npoaepb eBOH npeAno-
110>KeHHJI no TOIlKOBOMY cnoaaptO.
CMOTPHT 3aHRa KOCOR,
KIlK /leB'IOHKa C KOCOK
3a peQHOIO KOCOK
TpaBhI ROCHT KOCOK.
• nOHa6ntOAaH, '-fTO o61..1.4ero Y BblAeneHHblX enOB H l.IeM OHJ.1 01-
llHyatoTCJI.
O MOHHMId - aTO CJIOB8 , KOTOPble O,ll;HH8KOBO DHm YTCSJ II
rrpOH3H OCSiTCH, 80 Me*,lI;Y H X JIeK CIilJ.eCKHMH 3Ba'tJeHHSIM H B eT
HHK8KOH CBSl3H.
91 . npOYHTaH npeAn0>KeHHR. B KaKOM 3Ha4eHHH ynoTpe6ne-
HO B Ka>KAOM 1013 HHX enOBO KnlO'IH? ECTb 11101 CMblcnosaSl CBSl3b
Me>t<p.y 3THMH CIlOaaMI1?
1. 'YXO,l1;H H3 ,ItOM8, SI Bcer,n;a 6epy c co6oH KJIIOllH OT KBap-
Tllphl.
2. KJIIOl{H OT CqaCTbSl meHCKoro, OT HameD: BOJIhHOH
BOJIlOmKH, aa6pomeHhl, nOTepHHbI••• (H.A. HeKpacoB)
3. B rJIYXOM OBpare 6hlOT qHCTbIe cTYAeHble KJIlOqH.
OMOHHMJd HymHo OT JIHQaTb OT MHor03H8'1HhlX CJIOB.
ECJIH MeJKAY AByMH CJIOBaMH, OARHaKOBhIMH no 3ByqaHHIO
H HanHcaHRIO, eCTh CMhlCJIOBaH CBH3b, OHH He HBJIHIOTCSI OMO-
HHM8MH.
Kl£lOl£U om 1C6apmUPbt Ii KJUOI£U om CllaCmbJl. - MHOr03H8'LJ-
HOe CJIOBO B npSIMOM H rrepeHOCHOM 3H8qeHHH. KI£JOI£U om
/C6apmUPbl Il /ClUO'tU (pOIHHKH) - OMOHIlMhI.
1 92. QrraAaH 3araAKJ.1, KOTopble npeAllaraeT y ...eHbIH-llJ.1HrBJ.1CT
~.6. rOlly6 B OAHOH J.13 CBOJ.1X KHJ.1r AIlSl WKOllbHJ.1KOB. npoBepb ce6S1
(c. 205). • CocTaBb J.1 3anJ.1WJ.1 npeAllO)f(eHJ.1S1 co CllOBaMJ.1-0MOHJ.1-
MaMH.
1. lia K8.KorO KpaHa He JIbeTCSI BOAa?
2. KIlKOH JIyK He KJIa,u;yT B cyn?
3. KaKOH mypaBJIb HHKorAa He JIeTaeT?
4. B K8.KHX JIecax BeJIh3S1 3a6JIYAHTbC.a:?
5. KaROH ry6KoH BeJIb3JI MhITbCSI?
6. KaKOH JIonaTKoH He BCKonaemb rpSlAKY?
7. KaRaH ryceHu:a;a He rO,zi;HTCSI AJISI TaHKa?
93. n03HaKoMbcSI co clloBapHblMH CTaTbSlMIo1 1013 «CllOBapSi OMo-
HIo1MOB pYCCKoro Sl3blKa» (aBTop-COCTaBIo1Tenb O.C. AXMaHOBa).
KaKYtO Io1HcpopMa~lo1K> MO>KHO H3Bne...b 1013 3Toro CllOBapfil
JIaKKa I - II
JIaiht8 I. Ha3BaHHe IIOPOAhI OXOTHUQbHX, IIPOMhlCJIOBhIX
co61lK...
JIaKKa II. COPT MHrKOH Komll.... JIaU/c06blU.
llJIllBHTh I - II
nn8BHTb I .... IIJIaBHJIbHHK, UJI8BHJIbHblH,
IIJI8.BKHH, cumlBHTb I.
IIJw6umb MemllJt.l!, 'tyzyn, Meob, pyoy.
nJl8BHTb II.... CrrJIMHTb II, CllJI8.BIIl;HK.
IIJla6umb /lee, 6pi!6na.
IIJIaBK8,
94. CocTaBb 101 3anlo1WIo1 cnOBoco...eTaHIo1S1 Io1nlo1 npeA110>KeHIo1S1
C OMOHIo1MaMH. npH Heo6xoAlo1MOCTH MO>KHO YTO...HHTb neKCIo1-
...eCKoe 3Ha...eHlo1e no cnoBaptO OMOHHMOB Hnlo1 no TonKoBoMY
cnoaaptO.
KOBeK t
, KOTHK, JIHTb, HorOTKH, OQKH
t
, rrapK, rrepeBecTH,
UJIHT8, nO,lI.XO,ll;HT2, ThMa, YBH3aTb, yxo,re, 3KHnam.
K~'1lOqeBbJe CJIOBa TeMbI:
JIeKClf4eCKoe 3H81leHHe CJIOB8
MHor03H8l.JHble CJlOB8
,O,.,OHJ.tMbI
5&
CJIOBapb OMOHliMOB
TOJIKOBbIii CJIOB8Pb

30. § 8. CHHOHHMbl
95. np0l.uHai:1 OTpblBKH 1013 KHJ.1rH to.K. OneWJ.1 «Tp/.1 ToncTJI-
Ka» • • 06paTH BHIo1MaHJ.1e Ha BblAeneHHble napbl enOB. BcnOM-
HIo1, KaK Ha3blBatOTCSJ TaKHe cnoaa, 410 y HJ.1X o6~ero J.1 "'4eM OHJ.1
OTIlJ.1l.fatOTCSI, KaKYtO ponb HrpatOT B pel..lJ.1 • • nonpo6y~ onpe-
AemtTb, SlBnsllOTCSI nJ.1 CHHOHHMaMJ.1 BblAeneHHble cnoea, C KaKoi:1
~enbto aSTOp Hcnol1b3yeT "'X B TeKeTe. nposepb ce6S1 no T011-
KOBOMY cnoaapto, o6paTHcb K cnoaapHblM CTaTbSlM .13 Cll0Ba-
pSi CHHOHHMOB.
1. CTPaHHblH qeJIOBeK He 6e~aJl, a Hikes H3HID;HbIMH CK8Q-
K8MH, eJIe K8caSCb aeMJIH, IIo,lJ;o6HO 6aJIeTHoMY TaH~Opy.
2. TPH TOJICTHK8 XOTeJIH BOCIIHTaTb 3JIorO, meCTOKoro H8-
CJIe,n;HHK8. Era JlRIDHJIR 06m;ecTB8 AeTeii Ii YCTPOHJIH eMY 3Be·
pHHeI.
Ho ,n;eJIO CJIOmHJIOCb He TaR , RBK Toro XOTeJIH TOJICTHKH.
H a CJIe,n;HHK TYTTH npHJIe.iKHO ytlHJlCH, CJIymarr CTpaIIIHbIe
JleTOnHCH 0 r e pOHX H u;apHX ••• HO He CTaHOBHJlCH .meCTOKMM.
• nOHa6ntOAaH, OTnJ.1'"1atOTCSI nJ.1 OTTeHKaMJ.1 3Ha'-leHJ.1S1 cno-
Ba-CJ.1HOHJ.1Mbl 6e)f(an J.1 HiiceSi. npOBepb no TonKOBOMY cnOBaptO•
• nOyeMY He SlBllSitOTCSI CJ.1HOHJ.1MaMJ.1 Cll0Ba 3nOH, )KeeTOKHH J.1 6e3-
AYWHbIH? npOBepb CBOJ.1 BblBOAbl no Cll0BaptO.
96. npOYJ.1TaH clloBapHble CTaTbJ.1 J.13 ({Cll0BapSi CJ.1HOHHMOB
pyccKoro Sl3bIKa». KaKYtO J.1HtPopMau,J.1tO MO>KHO nOllYYJ.1Tb J.13
3Toro clloBapSl? 4TO 03HayatOT nOMeTbl B cK06Kax?
,l(OOPbIH, ,n;06pO,n;YIIIH bIH, 6JlRro,n;YIIIHbIH, ,n;o6pocep,n;e'tlHbIH,
MHr Kocep,n;e'tlHhI:H; MHJIOCTHBbIH (ycTap.).
IIe'l8.JThHo, HeBeCeJlO, Hepa,n;oCTHO, rpyCTHO, cKop6HO, 6ea-
pa,n;OCTHO, 6eaoTpa,n;ao, TOCKJIHBO. roph Ko, .marro6Ho; .mar[QeT-
HO (paor.).
1 CHHOHHMLI - STO CJIOBa O,n;HOH H TOR )Ke qRCTH petJ]1, KOTO-
p hIe 0603HaQruoT O,n;HO Ii TO me, HO MOI'yr OTJI1.ItIaThCH ,n;pyr OT
,n;pyra OTTeHKaMH JIeKCH'tIeCKOrO 3HaqeHHH H ynoTpe6JIeHHeM
B peq H. J(YMamb, MbLc.numb. P aaOcmb, Jl,Ulcoeanue.
CJIOBO *CHHOHHM. npoHcxo,n;HT OT zpett. synonymos - O,n;HO-
HMeHHbIH.
CHHOHHMOB B O,n;HOM pH,n;y MomeT 6bITh ,n;Ba, TpH H 60JIhIIIe.
3aaHHe H HCnOJIh30BaHHe B peqH CJ]OB-CHHOHHMOB nOMora-
eT TOqHee BhIpaaHTh MhICJIh, H36emaTh nOBTopeHHH o,n;Horo H
Toro me CJIOBa.
KaK Tbl 6YAewb onpeAenSlTb, SlBllSltOTCSl llJ.1 cnOBa CJ.1HO-
&l,
97. npO'-lJ.1TaH TeKCTbl . HaHAJ.1 CJ.1HOHJ.1Mbl J.1 onpeAellJ.1, C KaKoH
u,ellbtO nJ.1CaTenJ.1 J.1X J.1CnOnb3ytOT: YT06bl He nOBTopSlTb HeCKonbKO
pa3 OAHO J.1 TO >Ke cnOBO; AIlSl TOHKoro pa3rpaHJ.1'-1eHJ.1S1 OTTeHKOB
CMblcna, 60nee TOYHoro Ha3bIBaHJ.1S1 nOXO>KHX CSOHCTB ; '"IT06bl
HapHCOBaTb cnOBaMJ.1 SlPKYtO KapTJ.1HY, C03AaTb 06pa3• • BblnJ.1WJ.1
CHHOHHMbl H3 Ka>+<AOrO TeKCTa.
1. CHHJIO COJIHII;e, Ba,ll;hIXana CTerrh, 6JIecTeJIR T pasR B 6PHJI-
JIHRHTaX ,n;O.m,ll;H, H aOJIOTOM CBepKana peKa. ~
(M. rOPb/CUU)
2. B BOa,ll;yxe aa,n BepIIIlIHRMlI ,n;epeBhe B peHJIH orpoMBhIe
CTpeK03hI H ,n;pyrHe BaceKOMhIe TaKHX me rHraHTCKHX pa3Me-
•
pOB; H3pe,n;Ka npOHOCHJIHCh IlTepo,naKTHJIH, npeCJIe,ll;OBaBIIIHe
3THX HRceKOMbIX. Ha ceBe pHOH OKpaHHe nOJIHHhI naCJ]OCh
60JIhIIIOe CTa,n;O Hm;epOB.
(ITo BA. 06py.eBY «IT.nymoltuJ<»)
98. nOA6epJ.1 J.1 3anJ.1WJ.1 CHHOHHMbl K AaHHblM cnOBaM. ,QOKa>KH,
'-ITO Tbl 3anHcan HMeHHO CHHOHHMbl • • 4eM OTllH'-IatOTCSI APyr OT
Apyra no 3HaLfeHHtO CJ.1HOHIo1Mbl B Ka>KAOH rpynne?

31. I'pYCTb•••.
MHr, ...
MeTeJIh, ...
Y,n;HBJUIThCH,
H,n;TH, .•.
CMemHOH,
KpaTKO, •..
99. nOA6epH H 3anHWH CHHOHHMbl K pa3HbiM 3Ha~eHHstM MHoro-
3Ha"iHbIX enOB. npoaepb ce6st, nocMoTpH B pa3Aene «nOACKa3KH»
3 KOHu,e YLte6HHKa (Co 205). • 4TO Tbl 3aMentnl KaKOH BblBOA MO)f(-
-10 CAenaTb?
[
(KOHb).•.
Be
("eJIOBeK)•• .
>KHT (BpeMH)•.•
(pY"eH)•••
E
(B3rJIHi)•••
XOJIOiHblH (B03iYX)...
(3HMa)•••
E
(nyx)...
JHirKHH (3aia"a)•..
(xapaKTep)•••
100. nonpo6yii ce6. B ponH nHTepaTypHoro peAaKTopa.
OnpeAenH, KaKHe peL4eSble OWJ.16KH AonYU4eHbl B npep,nO>KeHH-
• stx. LITO Hy>KHO CAenaTb, I.U06bl HX HcnpaSHTb? • 3anHWH npeA-
_ nO>KeHI1J1 B HcnpaeneHHOM BHAe.
1. C 3THM 6e,ll;HbIM qeJIOBeKOM CJIytlHJIaCb 6e,.o;a1• 2. 1I3-
l:8JIH P;OHOCHJIaCh netI8JIhH8.SI necHa H CBORM neqaJIbHhlM MO-
rHBOM H8BeB8.JIa neqaJII:,' . 3. TeMU8H rJIy6HH8 TeMHoro JIeca
nyraJIa nYTHHKOB. KOTophIe B TeMHOTe 60SlJIHCb C6HTbCH C
OYTH. 4. 3a6aBHble paCCK83b1 3a68.BHOrO CTapHKa 3a68.BJIHJlH
ero BHyKOB. 5. 'YTKH 6b1CTPO nepeJleTaJIH C MeCTa aa MeCTO,
DblCTPO MaXaJI CBOHMH 6b1CTPblMH KPblJlbHMH. 6. Cpe,ll;H nyr-
HHBblX mHBOTHblX caMble nyrJIHBble - aTO nyrJIHBaH JIaHh H
nyrJIHBbll1 3aHn;.
CUHOHUMhl
(H3 ,,/tuzu H.B. rOAy6
«MoR. CaAtaR. nepeaR. KHU:HCKa 0 CJW6ax>})
KJIIOleBLle CJlOBa TeMbl:
TOtfHOCTb petfH
CJlOSapb CHHOHHMOB BblpaaUTeJlbHOCTh pelut
1 § 9. AHTOHHMbl
10t. npOLtJ.1TaH OTPblBOK J.13 nOBeCTJ.1 B.n. KaTaeBa «6eneeT
napyc OAJ.1HOKJ.1H» • • 06paTJ.1 BHJ.1MaHJ.1e Ha BblAeneHHble cno-
Ba • • KaK Ha3blBalOTCJI TaKJ.1e napbl cnOB? B LteM J.1X oco6eH-
HOCTb? • KaKYIO ponb J.1rpalOT 3TH cnOBa B AaHHOM TeKCTe?
OCTOPO>KHO. 06eHMH PYKaMH OTKpblBRH TH>Ke. rj-:-,,-..,-::--~
JUde CKpHnY'tlHe ,lI;BepH, IIaBJI H K OTnpaBHJlCSI
B rOCTHHYIO. 9TO 6b1Jlo 60JlLmOe nYTemecTBHe
MaJIeHhKoro MaJIb'tlHKa no nYCTblHHol1 KBapTHpe.
TaM BnoTbMax, HanOJIHHH BCro KOMHaTY CHJIb-
BhIM 38naXOM XBOH, CTOHJIO nOCpe,ll;HHe He'tlTO
rpOM8)l;HOe, cMYTHoe, ,11;0 caMoro napKeTa onyc-
THBmee TeMHble Jlanbl B npOBHcmHX 6YMamHblx n;euHx.
IIpHBbIKHYB K TeMHOTe, IIaBJIHK yBH,lI;eJl B yrJIy CTOJlHK C
nO,ll;apKaMH. IIo,ll;apKH 6hIJIH npeBOCXO,l1;Hble, rOpa3,1l;0 JIyqme,
'tIeM OB mKH,lI;aJI. O,ll;HaKO MaJIb'tl1:lKY SToro nOKa3B.JIOCb MaJlO.
OH nOTHXOHbKY nepeT8lD;HJI 1:13 ,lI;eTCKOB B rOCTHHYIO Bce CBOH
CTaphle HrpymKH, B TOM lIHCJle H 060,ll;paHHYIO Ky,z:J;JIRTKY,
H npHCOe,ll;HHHJI K ROB:bIM. Tenepb HrpymeK 6b1JlO MUoro, KaK
B Mara3HHe• ••
t 02. npOLlHTaH CTaTblO J.13 «3Hu,J.1KnOneAHLteCKOrO CnOBapJl
IOHoro c:pHnonora». liTO Tbl Y>Ke 3Han 06 aHTOHHMax H LtTO Y3Han
HOBoro H3 3TOH CTaTbJ.1? • 3AAaH Bonpoc K Ka>KA0MY a63au,y TeK-
CTa. 3anJ.1wJ.1 CnO>KHbIH nnaH, KOTOPblH Y Te6S1 nonyLtHnCR, CpaBHJ.1
ero C nnaHOM Ha c. 205.
• nOAroToBbcJI AOMa paccKa3blBaTb no 3TOMY nnaHY.
AHTOHHMhl - 3T0 CJIOBa C npoTHBOnOJIOmHhlMH aHalleBHHMH.
CJIOBO caHTOHHMt npOHCXO,ll;HT OT zpe'L. *SHTH-t - npoTHB H
*oHHMat - HMSI: eOpRl{,UU - XOJloihtblU. eope - paiJocmb. epae -
apye, .MaJlO - .MH020, BceziJa - HU1CoziJa, ao - nOCJle.
AaTOHHMhl - aTO JIUmb Te CJIOBa, KOTo phle MoryT 0603Ha-
lI8Tb CTeneHb npH3H8Ka (BanpHMep: muxuit - ZPOM1CUU, Be,11;b
MomHO CKaaaTb: 60Jlee ZPOM1CUU 3BY1C, 60Jlee muxuz'i); npOTH-
BOnOJIO)RHO HanpaBJIeBBble ,lI;eHCTBHSI (nOanUMambcR -

32. onYC1CambCJl.), TOtIKH npOCTp8..HCTBa H BpeMeHH, pacnOJIOjReH-
Hble KaK 6bl Ha pa3HblX nOJIlOcax npOCTpaHCTBeHHOH H Bpe-
MeHHOH mKaJIhI (6epx - nU3, n03ano - pano). eJIOBa, KOTO-
phle 0603HaQalOT KOHKpeTHhIe npe,lJ;MeThI, KaR npaBHJIO, He
HMelOT IiHTOHHMOB (uucarp, 6YMaea, 6apeltbe).
B xy.n;OjReCTBeHHoH JIHTepsType, oc06eHHO B n033HH, aa
aHTOHHMax 6h1Baerr OCHOB8H8 Bhlpa3HTeJIbHSSI cnJIa npOH3Be-
,lJ;eHnH. BOT, HanpHMep, HaQ8JIO OAHoro H3 CTHXOTBopeHHH
M.M. IJ;BeTaeBoii:
IIOJIlO6HJI 60raThlii - 6e/lHYIO,
IIOJII06HJI yqeHhlH - rJIynylO,
IIOJIlO6HJI PYMSlHhlH - 6JIe/lHyIO,
IIOJIlO6HJI xopomHH - Bpe/lHYIO,
30JIOTOH - nOJIymKY* MeAHYIO.
AHTOHHMbI - aTO CJIOB8 OAROH H TOR jRe QaCTI1 pe'tlH C rrpo-
THBonOJIO>KRhIM JIeKCHQeCKHM 3HaqeHHeM. ~o(jpo - 3JlO.
103. np041<1TaH cnoBapHYto CTaTbto 1<13 «CnOBapR aHTOHHMOB
PYCCKoro R3b1Ka» M.P. JlbBoBa • • KaKYto HHcpopMau,I<1to MO>KHO
I<13Bne4b 1<13 3Toro cnOBapR, CYAR no cnOBapHOH CTaTbe?
JIacKa - CTpOrOCTh
JIaCKa B roJIOCe - C1"p01'OCTJ. B roJIOCe. llpoHBJIHTh nacKY -
npoSIBJIHTh cT»Orocn. 0 KTO He MOjReT B3HTh JI8CKOH, TOT He
B03bMeT H CTPOroCTLJO. (A.II. tIexOB. 3anHCHble KHHmKH)
104. Cnl<1WH aHTOHHMbl, crpynm1poBaB HX no 4aCTAM pe41<1.
06'bRCHI<1, 4TO o603Ha4aeT Ka>KAaR napa aHTOHI<1MOB • • BCTaBb
nponyw,eHHble 6YKBbl, 0603Hal.fb opcporpaMMbl Ha MeCTe npo-
nYCKOB.
1) BJIar-'pO,lJ;HbIH - HH_KHH, 6nu_ KuH - A8JIbHHH, BBepx -
BHH_ , B3JI_TaTb - Ca/lHT_CSI, B'l_ pa - 3aBTpa, /lPYlK6a -
Bp_m.n;a, 3aIIL~aTb - Han o.JI:aTh , JI106HM hIH - HeH8.BHC_HblH,
Ha.n;em.n;a - OTlJ._S1HH e , on TaM H3M~: - neccHMH3M*, npH-
6JI lKaTbCSI - YILJISiTbeSi.
;HM H3M I 2) PaCCBeT - 3B.KaT, .n;:eHb - HOllb, npK1IHB - OTJIHB,
~4, t -:CHMH 3M
60
3) PaBHo.n;:ymHblR - OT3h1BtIHBhIH, cKynoR - ID;e.n;phIii, •••
• .nOnlo1WI<1 aHTOHI<1Mbl BO 2-to 1<1 3-to rpynnbl.
iDS. nOA6epl<1 1<1 3anHWH aHTOHHMbl K pa3HbiM 3Hal.feHI<1RM
MHOr 03Hal.fHOrO cnOBa. LITO Tbl 3aMeTHn? KaKOH BblBOA MO>KHO
CAenaTb?
MSlrKHH (eBeT) - ••.
MSlrKHH (xapaKTep) -
MSlrKHH (KapaH/lam) - .••
MSirKHe (BOJlOehl) -
MSirKaSi (6YJlKa) -
eepbe3HhlH ('leJIOBeK) - •.•
eepbe3HhlH (CJIyqaH) - .••
(/lymeBHhlH) nOKOH - .••
(Ha Mope) nOKOH -
THXHH (HpaB) - ...
THxaSi (e3/1a) - •••
THXHH (rOJIoe) - .•.
106. npOI.fl<1TaH 1<1 nepeCKa>KI<1 TeKCT. 06paTI<1 BHIo1MaHI<1e
Ha THn TeKCTa (':tTO 3TO: Onl<1CaHI<1e I<1nH nOBecTBoBaHlo1e?).
B KaKOM CTI<1ne Hanl<1CaH 3TOT cpparMeHT? nonblTaHcR 060CHO-
BaTb CBOto TOI.fKY 3peHI<1R • • HaHAI<1 1<1 nOAl.fepKHI<1 aHTOHI<1Mbl.
nOAYMaH, C KaKoH ~enbto aBTop I<1cnonb3yeT TaKoe KonH4e-
CTBO aHTOHI<1MOB (o6paTH BHI<1MaHHe Ha TI<1n TeKcTa).
MOJIOAOH HID;ep 6hIJI POCTOM BhIme qeJIOBeKB; ero He-
YKJIlOmee TeJIO nOKOHJIOCh aB TOJICThIX H ,Il;JIHHBhIX
2
3a,lJ;BHX
Borax H TOJICTOM, B KOH~e cpa3y YTOHtIaBmeMCH XBOCTe;
nepe,ll;- HHe Horn 6h1JIH KopOTKHe H TOHKHe H HMeJIH no nHTH
naJIb~eB C He60JIbmHMH OCTphlMH KorTSlMH, Tor.n;:a KaK aa
3a,ll;HHX 6bIJIO no TpH naJlb~8 C 60JIbmHMH, HO TynhIMH
KorTHMH. ITo BceMY CKJIa,ll;y TeJIa 6hIJIO O'leBH,lJ;HO, QTO
mHBOTHoe npe,ll;nOQHT8JIO BepTHKaJIbHOe nOJIOjR
o
eHHe
3
ropH-
30HT8JIbHOMY, TaK KaK npH nOCJIe.n;HeM ero 38AHSIH nOJIOBHHa
no.n;HHM8JIaCb 3HRlIHTeJIbHO BhIme nepeAHei1. rOJIOBa 6b1JIa
60JIbmaH, ,Il;OBOJIhHO npoTHBHoro BHAa, C o6BHcmHMH
MHCHCTblMH ry6aMH H M8JIeHhKHMH rJIa3KaMH' 2.. TeJIo 6b1JIO
COBepmeHHO rOJIoe, KaK y JIsrrymKH, a Koma H8 om;yUb TaK8SI
jRe CKOJIb3KaH H XOJIOAHaSl.
(BA. 06py<ee .rrJlymol<uJ<')

33. • BblnJ.1WI1 aHTOHJ.1Mbl, 0603HaYb B cnosax J,13yyeHHble opcpo-
rpaMMbl.
KJllOlIeBLle CJ10na TeML1:
JleKCJ.l1.reCKoe 3H8t.IeHne CJlQB8
BHTOHJ.1Mbl
§ 10. MopljleMa - 3Ha'lHMall '1aCTb (noaa
BcnOMHH BCe I lotTO Tbl 3HaeWb 0 '"IaCHIX CI10Ba. OTSel.faSi Ha
BonpOCbl, nplo1BOAH npHMepbl.
i. CKonbKO acera cy~ecTByeT '"taCTeH Cll0Ba? Ha KaKlo1e rpynnbl
Io1X MO>t<HO pa3Aelllo1Tb?
2. AaH onpeAelleHlo1e 1013BeCTHbiX Te6e '"taCTeH CllOBa.
3. B KaKoH '"taCTIo1 CllOBa 3aKllto'"teHO ero rpaMMaTIo1'"teCKoe 3Ha-
'"teHlo1e? KaKoBbl cpyHKU,Io1H 3TOH '"taCTH clloBa?
4. KaKHe '"taCTIo1 CllOBa BXOART, a KaKlo1e - He BXOART B OCHOBY
Cll0Ba?
S. MO>t<eT nH cnOBO COCTORTb TonbKO 1013 KOpHR? TonbKO 1013
OKOH'"taHIo1R? 1-13 npIo1CTaBKIo1, CYCPcplo1Kca 101 OKOH'"taHIo1R? 1-13 KOpHR
H npIo1CTaBKIo1?
107. npO'"tIo1Tai1 CTHxoTBopeHHe 3.r. 6arpHu,Koro, o6paTIo1 BHHMa-
HHe Ha BblAeneHHble CllOBa. KaK 6bl Tbl HX crpynnlo1poBan? • BblnH-
WH cnOBa rpynnaMH, BblAenH OCHOBY B Ka>t<AOM cnOBe H '"taCTH,
BXOAR~He B COCTaB OCHOBbl • • BblAelll-1 OKOH'"taHHR.
IITHIeJIoB
(B cOKpa..m;eHHH)
TpY,!lBO ,!IeJIO nmuz;eJt06a:
3aY'IH nOBa.zKH nTHQbH,
110MBH speMH nepeJLemOB,
Pa3BhIM nocBucmoM CBucmu.
I
Ho, m8T8HCh no .o;oporaM,
IlOA aa60paMH HOtIySl,
,lJ;HAeJIh aeceJI, )l;H,lJ;eJIh MomeT
llecHH neTh Ii nmul{ ./106umb.
B 6Y3Un€, ChIPOH If KpyrJIOH,
CaJIOneH YA8PHT Ay,n;KOH,
Ha COCHe aBeBIiT CHBHIhI,
Ha 6epeae 3H6JIHK 6beT.
H BbIT8CKliBaeT ,!I;H.l(eJIb
lia KOTOMKH aanone,n;HOH
TPH MaHKa - Ii KamAOH IITHlJ,e
IIocBSlm;aeT OR MaHOK.
,u;yaeT OR B MaHOK 6Y3unnbLU,
H 3BeHHT MaHOR 6Y3HHHbIH, -
1'13 6Y3HHHoro IlpHKphIThH
OTBeqaeT COJIOSeR.
,D;YHeT DB B MaHOK cocn08bLU,
II CBHCTHT MaHQK COCHOBbIH, -
Ha caCHe B OTBeT CHHHll.bI
PaCChIIIalOT 6y6eHIhI.
~f.
t
CpaBHIo1 CBOH onpeAeneHHR '"taCTeH cnOBa C AaHHblMIo1 HIo1>t<e.
LfTO Tbl 3aMeTIo111?
KopeHh, npHCT8BKa, CY<P<PHKC, OKOHttaHHe - 3TO 3H8-
t{HMble tIaCTH CJIOBR, HJIH Mopf)eMhl.
P83,lJ;eJI H3bIK03HaHHH, H3yqarom;HiI MoP<l>eMhI, a83bIBReTCH
MopcfleMHKoii•

34. O c a OBa - :lTO lIaCTb CJIOBa 6ea OKOHT
-I3HHH H ¢lOpMoo6paay-
IOIIHX CY<P<PHKCOB.
I'YCCI<,UU, ,nOCJW8Ulja, ,noex<l,ll~ ,6poco';;;;.
B OCBOBe CJIOBa 3aKJIIOlIeHO ero JIeKCKtIeCKoe aH8QeHHe.
O ROlNaHlle - aTO H3MeHHeMaSl qaCTb CJlOBa, B KOTOPOH 38-
KJIIOtIeHO ero rp8MMaTHlIeCKoe aHaQeHHe. OKOH'lI8.R.He o6paay-
eT <P0PMY CJIOBa I'! CJIYlKHT IIJIH CBH31'! CJIOB B CJIOBOCO'IeTaHl'!l'!
H npe,llJIOJKeHHH . Ocennlezol 8emp im ,
OKO~aHHe CJIOBa MomeT 6bITb aYJIeBbIM, TO eCTb He BbIpa-
meHHbIM 3BYK8.MH. HOllb D , o8oJ-£b D , xopow D.
R opeUL - aTO rJI8BHaSl 3HallHMaSl qaCTb CJlOB8. B Kop ae
38.KJIIO~06~KClflIeCKoe 3HatIeHHe Bcex O,l1;HOKOpeHHhlX
CJIOB. B epi!3a, '6epi!3080Jl (p014o) .
IIpHc TaB Ra - aTO 3H8tIHMaSl tIaCTb CJIOBR, KOTopaH Haxo-
,o;H TCSI nepe,o; KopHeM H CJly.>KHT ,o;JlH 06paaOB8llliSl HOBblX CJlOB .
Bbixooumb, ndxoo.
C y qUi>HKC - STO 3HatIHMaH tr8CTb CJIOBa, KOTopaH Haxo,o;HT-
CSI DOCJIe K OpHH ~6b1qHO)(JIY.>KHT ,o;JISI 06paaOBaHHSI HOBbIX
CJIOB. 40M - ilOMUI< , ilo..ruUje.
cj.N G
nOl.jeMY s onpeAeneHHH cycfJcfJlo1Kca cKa3aHo, l.jTO OH 06t.I'tHO
cnY>KIo1T AnSI o6pa30saHHSI enOB , a He Bce~a? AnSI l.jero
eny>KHT CY,5PcfJHKC -n- B rnaronax ne~, Hrpana, BcxoAHJ1'o,
pa3Mt.lwnJInH? nOl.jeMY OH He SXOAHT B OCHOBY cnosa?
108. np0l.jHTal1 OTpblBKIo1 1013 noseCTH A.n . ral1Aapa «rony6aSl
l.jaWKa». Hal1AH 101 SblnHWH rnaronbl C OAHHaKOSblMH npHCTaSKaMH.
lotTO 0603Hal.jatoT 3TH npHCTaSKH? KaK Tbl AYMaewb, C KaKoH u,enbtO
Hcnonb3yeT aSTop cnOBa C OAJ.1HaKOBbIMH npHcTasKaMH?
1. IIpoRaTHJI Ha BeJIOCHTIe,o;e aarop eJIbIM MRJIb qHllIKa. IIpo-
maraJI, H8BepHOe, B JIec aa r pH68MH TOJICTbIH ,o;,H,o;h Ka C Tpy6-
ROH. IIpOlliJIa' 6 eJIOKyp aH ,o;eBH u;a C MOKPblMH nOCJIe KY0aHHH
BOJIOCaMH . A aH8.KOMblX MhI HHKoro He BCTpeTIIJIH.
2. IIocMeHJIHCb M bl H }1;YMaeM : BOT n O,l1;ye T BeTe p, aaKpy_
mHTCSI, aamymmHT Ham a 6 b1CTpaH Be pTyllIKa. OTO Bcex )1;BO-
p OB I c6erYT CSI K HallieMY ,o;OMy p e 6S1T HlIIKH. By,o;eT H y Hac
TOr,l1;a CBOSI KOMn aHHSI .
• Pa36epH no cocTasy cnosa C npHCTaSKOI1 npo- 1013 nepBoro OT-
pblBKa. • KaKlo1e 1013 3TIo1X Tpex cnos SlBmltOTCSI CIo1HOHHMaMIo1? C Ka-
KO~ u,enbKl Io1X HenoIlb3yeT aBTOp?
109. np0l.jIo1Tal1 OTPblBOK 1013 noseCTH Il.H. ToncToro «AeTcTBo».
C nOMOL4bto KaKIo1X cnOB HapHcosaH nopTpeT «l.jYAecHol1 Aesol.j-
KH»? B l.jeM oc06eHHocTb 3TIo1X cnoB? nOMOratoT nH OHIo1 nlo1caTemo
nepeAaTb l.jyscTBa ero repoSl, HHKoneHbKH VlpTeHbeBa, no OTHowe-
HHtO K ManeHbKOI1 rocTbe? • OnHwH COCTOSlHHe Manbl.jIo1Ka, KaK Tbl
ero nOHSln 101 npeAcTasHn ce6e.
•• .Ma 3aKYTaHHOH oco6b1 BhIIllJla qy,o;eCHaSl ,o;BeH8,ZJ;u;aTHJleT-
BHH ,ll;eBOllKa B KopOTe HhKoM OTKPblTOM KHceiiHoM TIJIaThHu;e,
6eJIblx OaHTaJIOBtrllKa x H KpOlIIeqHbIX qepHblX 6allIMallRax.
Ha 6 e JIeHb ROH llIeHKe 6hIJIa qepHaH 6apxa THa.a: JIeHTOllKa;
rOJIOBKa BCH 6 b1JIa B TeMHo-pYCbIX KY,o;pSlX , KOTophIe cnepe,o;H
TaK XOP OlliO lIIJIH R e e n p e KpaCHOMY JIHlIHKY, a caR,o;H - K
I'OJIblM OJIellHKaM, liTO HHKOMY, ,o;a me caMOMY KapJIY llBaHbI-
qy, H He OOBepHJl 6hI, 'liTO OH H Bh lOTCH TaR OTToro, qTO C yTpa
6 bIJIH 3aBepHYThI B K YCOqKH ((MOCKOBCKH X Be,o;OMOCTeM» H qTO
HX rrpHmHraJIH ropSlqHMH meJIeaHbIMH ID;IITII..l;aMlI. Kaa81IOCb,
OH a TaK II pO,l1;HJIaCh C aTOH Kypq aBOH r OJIOBKoH •
• Bblnlo1WH 1013 TeKCTa cnosa C YMeHbWHTenbHo-naCKaTenbHblMH
cyq:H;tmKcaMH B ABa cTon6lo1Ka . no KaKOMY npH3HaKY Tbl 6YAeWb HX
rpynnHpOBaTb? • BblAenH B Ka>KAOM cn OBe OCHOBY H CycpqJHKC.
110. np0l.jHTal1 TeKCT. CnoBa C KaKHMH KOPHSlMH S HeM nOSTO-
PSltOTCSI? KaK Tbl AYMaeWb nOl.jeMY? • BblnHWH OAHOKopeHHble
cnOBa rpynnaMH , YKa>K1-t 4acTH pe41-t • • Pa36epl-t Bee 3TI-t cnOBa no
COCTaBY·
C An:HKOM HeH HTep eCHO 6 hIJIO !!!:Q..aT~, OOTOMY 'liTO OH Bce
BpeM H n~phIBaJI. H CKa3aJI, liTO 60JIhme He 6Y}1;Y H.!'paTb B
maXMa ThI .

35. - .Krud - CK8aan AnHK. - TbI pemHJI 6POCHTb maXM8TbI?
)1;8 y Te6H BeAb 38.MeQRTeJIbHbIe l,IUlXM8T-Hhle cnoco6HOCTHI TbI
CT8Hemb 3H8MeHHTblM maXM8THCTOM, eCJIR 6y,n;emb rrpO,lJ;OJI-
, - -maTh HI'paTh.
- HHK8KHX Y MeHH cnoco6HOCTeH BeT! - rOBOplO H. - BeAb
SI BOBce He CBORM YMOM 06b!I'j?blB8JI Te6H. BceMY 3TOMY $I H8-
- -)"IHJlCll H3 KHHlKKH.
~
- H3 KaKOH KHH»tKH?
- ECTh TaK8H KHH>KK8 - yqe6HHK maXM8THOH HrYhl. ECJIH
XOllemb, H Te6e ARM nO'llHT8Tb 3TY KHH>KKY, H TbI CT8Hemb
HrpaTb He xyme MeHH.
(H.H. HOCOB «BU17lJl MaAeee 6 ULKoAe U OOM-a»)
• Pa3AenH Ha C110rH H AJ1S1 nepeHoca enOBO 06..lrplt.Ban. KaKHe
npaSHna nepeHoca Hy>t<HO BcnOMHHTb?
111. BCnOMHJ.1, KaKOBbl oco6eHHocTH TeKCTa-noaeCTBoaaHHSI.
nepe....J.1Tai1 onpeAeneHHe B paMKe Ha c. 7. CocTasb H 3anHWH
He6onbwoH TeKCT-noaeCTBoaaHHe. Era reMY nOACKa>KYT nep-
Boe H nocneAHee npeAllO>KeHHst TeKCTa, KOTopble AaHbl HH>Ke.
I.1cnonb3yH AaHHbie rpynnbl cnos C npHcTasKaMH.
B'!epa Moli 6paT npocTYAHJlCH, H yrPOM MaMa He rrycTHJIa em
B lllKOJly.
BOT liTO aHalJHT ,n;pyabHI
1) rrpHlllJlH 2)
rrpH6eJK8JI
npHJIeTeJI
npHMtlaJICH
npHexan
npHHeCJIH
npHT~HJIH
aaweJI
a8eX8.JI
aa6elK8JI
a8CKOqHJIH
3) paCCKaa8JIH
pacCnpOCHJIH
paCCMeWHJIH
• 06bACHH, KaKYIO ponb a TSOeM TeKCTe HrpalOT
rnaronbl C npHcTasKaMH. ECTb nH cpeAH HHX CHHOHHMbl?
66
-
KJrJOQeBble CJr003 TeMbJ:
MoP<l>eMbl JIeKCU"l{eCKOe a HB1.JeRne
aHal.J:J.1Mall lI8CTb CJJOBa TeKCT-nOBeCTBOB8HHe
§ iI. npOBepReMble H HenpOBeplleMble
6e3YAapHbie rnaCHble B KopHe cnOBa
112. npO'"lHTaH TeKCT. KaK Tbl AYMaewb, n04eMY MapTblw-
Ka He nOHstna YAaaa? KaK nposepHTb HanHcaHHe 6YKB, o603Ha-
4alOUJ,HX 6e3YAapHbie rnaCHble 8 KopHe? • KaKYIO 6YKay - 0 HnH
a - HY)f(HO HanHcaTb B cnoae C nponYCKoM? 06bSlCHH.
• Cyw.eCTsyeT nH s PYCCKOM Sl3blKe cnoao, KOTopoe ynoTpe6Hn
YAaa?
- A TBOll 6a6yulKa KaKaH? - CrrpOCHJlS MSpTbliliKS.
- OHa TaKaSl • • • OHa OqeHb XB CTJIHB8H, - CK8a8JI 'Y,lJ;aD,
BI'JISI,l{hIB8HCb B,lI;aJIb.
- XBaCTaeTCSI? - y,ll;HBHJI8Cb MapTbIlIIRa.
- HHqel'O OHa He XBaCTaeTCSI. IIpocTO y Hee XBOCT OqeHb
,n;JIHHHhIH. HOT 3TOl'O OHa XB_ CTJIHBaSl, - 06'bSlCHHJI ¥,n;8B.
(II0 r.B. Ocmepy)
Oplj>orpsMMS .I1p0BepHeMhle 6eaYlapHble rJlSCHble
B RopHe CJIOB8. f-I----,
l..JTo6hI npaBHJIbHO o6oaHaqHTb Ha nHCbMe 6eay,n;apHbIH
I'JIaCHhIH B RopHe CJIOBa, HymBo HaMeHHTb CJIOBO HJIB
no,n;06paTb R HeMY TaROe O.a;HORopeHHoe, B KOTOPOM 3TOT
Geay,n;apHbIH rJIaCHbIH aaxo.a;HTCSI no,lJ; y,n;8peHHeM.
~ , ~ ,/A , ~
3e.MJlJl - 3l:MJlU, /{B/i.mHUI< - /{Bl:m.
OnoaSaB8TeJIbHhIH npH3HaK optporpaMMhI - 6eay,n;apHoe
nOJIOmeHHe I'JI8CHOro.
67